9th Grade Physical Science Chemical Bonding Study Guide
Chemical Bond Descriptions
Ionic Bond
Bond between a metal and nonmetal
Transfers electrons
Has a rigid crystal structure
Convalent Bond
Shares electrons equally
Metallic Bond
Bond between a metal and a metal
That forms metal alloys
Allows electrons to flow freely
Conducts electricity at all times
Polar Covalent Bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
Has a slightly positive charge on one end
A chemical formula has symbols and subscripts that tell the type of ratio of atoms in a
compound.
The chemical formula for glucose is C12H22O11. How many elements are in the
compound? 3: C is an element, H is an element, and O is an element.
The chemical formula for glucose is C12H22O11. How many atoms are in the compound?
45: You add the number of atoms. 12+22+11= 45
The chemical formula for glucose is C12H22O11. What is the ratio of atoms in the
compound? 12:22:11
The properties of a compound depend on the elements and how they are arranged.
The interaction of electrons between elements determines the kind of bond that is formed.
The properties of elements in compounds are usually different from the properties of the
elements alone.
The smell of a compound is usually determined by the shape of the molecules that make
them.
The chemical formula for a compound having one barium ion and two chlorine ions is
BaCl2.
In the molecule O2, the electrons are shaped equally.
In the compound NaCl, the electrons are transferred.
In a penny made of copper and zinc, the electrons are moving freely.
The Lewis Dot Structure is a graphical representation of the outer shell electrons.
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the following:
1. Li
2. Mg
3. Cl
4. N
5. C
6. NaCl
7. H2O
8. O2
9. CH4
10. NH3
Atom Chemical
bonding
Valence
electron
Ionic bond Covalent bond
Metallic bond Ionization
Ionization energy
Electron affinity
Vocabulary
Crystal lattice
Electron-dot diagram
Diatomic
element
Molecule Network solid
Polyatomic ion
Oxidation number
Know and understand these concepts:
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Atoms
An atom with the same number of electrons as protons is a neutral atom
Atoms will gain, lose or share electrons to get a full outer energy level
The first energy level is full when it contains two electrons
All others are considered full when they contain 8 electrons
Energy levels may hold more than 8 electrons!
If an atom gains electrons it will become negatively charged
If an atom loses electrons it will become positively charged
Ions
Atoms with a different number of protons than electrons
Ions have a positive or negative charge
The number of electrons gained or lost is called the atom’s oxidation
number
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Ionic Bonds
Occur between metals and nonmetals
One atom gains electrons while the other loses
Create crystal lattice
Strong bonds
Covalent Bonds
Occur whenever Hydrogen is involved
Occur between two nonmetals
Create molecules
Weak bonds
A very large covalently bonded molecule that has a strong bond is called a
network solid
Metallic Bonds
Metallic bonds form between two metals
The nuclei of the atoms are surrounded by one common electron cloud
The force of attraction between nuclei and electrons are strong
This bond results in substances that are malleable and ductile
Predicting types of bonds:
1. What type of bond will occur between these atoms?
Na Cl
C, H, O
Mg Br
NH
2. If the rule is like dissolves like, will salt dissolve in a solvent made from
cooking oil that contains C, H, and O? Why or why not?
3. Why is water called the universal solvent?
4. You should be able to correctly draw the type of bonds that hold these
molecules or crystal lattices together.
Br2
CaF2
NaCl
NH3
5. Find the resulting formulas for reactions between these elements. Use the
criss-cross method!
Mg, Cl
Cr, Cl
Fe, O
Mg, O