Guided Lecture Notes
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Skeletal System
Learning Objective 1. Cite the common components of cartilage and bone.

Review the structure and function of the skeletal system (refer to PowerPoint
Slide 2).

Review the structure and function of the two types of connective tissue found in
the skeletal system—cartilage and bone (refer to PowerPoint Slides 3 and 4).
Learning Objective 2. Compare the properties of the intercellular collagen and elastic
fibers of skeletal tissue.

Describe the intracellular matrix of bone and cartilage.
Learning Objective 3. Cite the characteristics and name at least one location of elastic
cartilage, hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

Differentiate between hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage in terms of composition
and location.

Describe the differences between spongy/cancellous and compact bone (refer to
Figs. 41-1 and 41-2).
Learning Objective 4. Name and characterize the functions of the four types of bone
cells.

Identify the four types of bone cells and describe the function of each (refer to
PowerPoint Slides 5 and 8, Table 41-1, and Fig. 41-2).
Learning Objective 5. State the function of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and
vitamin D in terms of bone formation and metabolism.

Identify hormones that control bone formation and metabolism, and describe the
function of each (refer to PowerPoint Slides 9, 11 and 12 and Figs. 41-3 and 414).
Learning Objective 6. State the locations and functions of the periosteum and the
endosteum.

Review the structure, location, and function of the periosteum and endosteum
(refer to Fig. 41-1).
Learning Objective 7. Characterize the structures of bones based on their shapes, and
list the structures of long bones.

Identify classifications of bones based on their shapes and give examples of each
(refer to PowerPoint Slide 15).

Identify the components of a long bone, and describe the function of each
component (refer to Fig. 41-5).
Learning Objective 8. State the characteristics of tendons and ligaments.

Review the structure, location, and function of tendons and ligaments (refer to
PowerPoint Slide 16).
Learning Objective 9. State the difference between synarthrodial and diarthrodial
joints.

Define joint/articulation (refer to PowerPoint Slide 17).

Classify the two types of joints based upon presence of a joint cavity and extent of
movement (refer to Fig. 41-6).
Learning Objective 10. Describe the source of blood supply to the diarthrodial joint.

Identify the blood supply and innervation associated with diarthrodial joints.
Learning Objective 11. Explain why pain is often experienced in all the joints of an
extremity when only a single joint is affected by a disease process.

Explain how nerve trunks that supply the joints and skin account for the referral
of pain from one joint to another.
Learning Objective 12. Describe the structure and function of the bursa.

Review the anatomy and physiology of a bursa, and identify common disorders
(bursitis, bunion) (refer to Fig. 41-7).
Learning Objective 13. Explain the pathology associated with a torn meniscus of the
knee.

Review the structure and function of the knee joint, and describe common injuries
including meniscal tears.