1.
Computer: An electric device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data
(input), process the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and stores the results (storage) for
future use.
2.
Information Processing Cycle: Four basic operations that a computer performs. (Input, Process, Output, and Storage).
3.
Data: A collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
4.
Information: Conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people.
5.
Computer Users; End Users; Users: People who use the computer directly or use the information it provides.
6.
Computer Program; Software: A detailed set of instructions that tells it exactly what to do.
7.
Keyboard: An input device that contains keys you press to enter data into the computer.
8.
System Unit: The processor, memory, and storage devices are housed in this box-like case.
9.
Input Device: Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a
computer.
10.
Mouse: A pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand.
11.
System Unit: A case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data.
12.
Processor: Also called the Central Processing Unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a
computer.
13.
Arithmetic/logic Unit: Performs the logical and arithmetic process.
14.
Control Unit: Interprets the instructions.
15.
Memory: Also called Random Access memory (RAM), consist of electronic components that temporarily store instructions
waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data (information).
16.
Kilobyte (K or KB): Equals approximately 1,000 memory locations.
17.
Megabyte (MB): Equals approximately one million memory locations.
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Gigabyte (GB): Equals approximately one billion memory locations.
19.
Memory Location –or- Byte: Usually stores one character such as a letter A.
20.
Output Device: Make the information resulting from processing available use.
21.
Impact Printer: Prints by striking an inked ribbon against the paper.
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Nonimpact Printers: Form characters by means other than striking a ribbon against paper.
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Photo Printers: Produce photo-quality pictures and are ideal for home or small-business use.
24.
Display Device: A output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.
25.
Monitor: A display device that is packed as a separate unit.
26.
Flat Panel Monitor and CRT: Thin, light-weight, and far more –
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LCD Monitor: most popular type of flat panel monitors uses a liquid display crystal.
28.
CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube): Television- like monitor
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Pixels: individual picture elements
30.
Storage Device: Used to store instructions, data, and information when they are not being used in memory.
31.
Magnetic Disks: Use magnetic particles to store items such as data, instructions, and information on a disk’s surface.
32.
Formatting: The process of dividing the disk, into tracks and sectors so the computer can locate the data, instructions, and
information on the disk.
33.
Track: a narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the surface of the disk.
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Sector: Pie-shaped sections, that have broken off tracks.
35.
Portable Storage Medium: You can remove the medium from one computer and carry it to another.
36.
Hard Disk: A storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that magnetically store data, instructions,
and information.
37.
Head Crash: When a read/ write head touches a platter , usually resulting in loss of data or sometimes the entire drive.
38.
Backup: A duplicate of a file, program, or disk that you can use in case the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed.
39.
Floppy Disk: Older form of magnetic storage
40.
Diskette: An inexpensive portable storage medium.
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Floppy Disk Drive: A device that can read from and write on a floppy disk.
42.
Access Line: The time required to access and retrieve data
43.
CD-ROM: (compact disc read- only memory), a type of optical disc that users can read but not write on (record) or erase –
hence, the name read-only.
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CD-ROM Drive: Also known as a CD-ROM player, which is used to read a CD-ROM.
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CD-R: ( compact disc- recordable), an optical disc onto which you can record your own theme
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CD-RW: (compact disc-rewritable), an erasable optical disc you can write on multiple times.
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DVD-ROM: (digital versatile disk-read- only memory), a very high-capacity optical disc capable of storing from 4.7 GB to 17 GB.
48.
DVD-ROM drive: Device you use to read DVD-ROM, and also Cd’s.
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DVD-R and DVD+R: competing DVD-recordable formats, each with up to 4.7 GB storage capacity.
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Blu-ray (BD-ROM) and HD DVD: have higher quality and more capacity than standard DVD’s.
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DVD-RW, DBD+RW, and DVD+RA,: competing DVD formats, each with storage capacities up to 4.7 GB per side, that allow users
to erase and write (record) many times.
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BD-RE and HD DVD-RW: are competing higher-capacity rewritable DVD formats.
53.
Tape: A magnetically coated ribbon of plastic housed in a tape cartridge capable of storing large amounts of data and
information at a low cost.
54.
Tape Drive: Used to read from and write on a tape.
55.
Miniature mobile storage Media: Rewritable media usually in the form of a flash memory card, USB flash drive, or a smart card.
56.
Flash memory cards: Solid-state media, which means they consist entirely of electronics (chips, wires, etc) and contain no
moving parts.
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USB flash drive: a flash memory storage device that plugs into a USB port on a computer or mobile device.
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Smart card: stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card.
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Communication device: A hardware component that enables a computer to send(transmit) and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more computers.
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Transmission media: telephone lines, cables, cellular radio networks, and satellites.
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Wireless: They have no physical lines or wires.
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System software: Consists of programs to control the operations of computer equipment.
63.
Operating System: Tells the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing, and executing an application program
and how to transfer data.
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Graphical User Interface: (GUI), provides visual cues such as icon symbols to help the user.
65.
Icon: Something that represents an application.
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Application Software: Consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/ or assit them with personal tasks.
67.
Word processing software: Used to create, edit, format, and print documents.
68.
Electronic spreadsheet software: Allows the user to add, Subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns
of numbers
69.
Database Software: Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient matter.
70.
Presentation graphics software: Allows the user to create slides for use in a presentation to a group.
71.
Network: A collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and
transmission media.
72.
Online: When a computer connects to a network
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Local area network: (LAN), a network that connects computers in a limited geographic area.
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Wide area network: (WAN), a network that covers a large, geographical area.
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Internet: A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of business, government agencies, educational institutions,
and individuals.
76.
ISP (Internet service provider): an organization that supplies connections to the internet for a monthly fee.
77.
OSP (online service provider): Provides access to the internet but also to a variety of other specialized content and services.
78.
WISP (wireless internet service provider): A company that provides wireless internet access to computers and mobile devices
such as smart phones and PDAs.
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World Wide Web: one of the more popular segments of the internet.
80.
Web: contains billions of documents called web pages.
81.
Web Page: can contain text, graphics, audio, and video, and has built-in connections, or links, to other Web documents.
82.
Web Site: a related collection of Web pages.
83.
Web browser: software programs that viewers to web sites access and view web pages with.
84.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): Unique addresses that web page have.