WHAT I SHOULD KNOW ABOUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS
What is an organism called that can make its own food? AUTOTROPH
Give an example of an autotroph: GREEN PLANTS
What is an organism called that CAN’T make its own food? HETEROTROPH
Give an example of an heterotroph: ANIMALS, HUMANS, FUNGI, MOST BACTERIA
How do animal cells store glucose for later? AS GLYCOGEN
How do plants store glucose for later? AS STARCH
Which molecule is used by living things to store and transfer energy? ATP
What are the parts of an ATP molecule?
A = ADENINE
B = RIBOSE SUGAR
C = PHOSPHATES
Write the equation that shows how ADP is changed into ATP.
ADP + P + energy → ATP
Cells STORE ENERGY by ADDING the P to ADP
Write the equation that shows how ATP is changed into ADP.
ADP + P + energy → ATP
Cells RELEASE ENERGY by REMOVING the P from ATP
How many Phosphate groups are attached to ADP? __2___
How many Phosphate groups are attached to ATP?
3____
What other carrier for high energy electrons helps with photosynthesis? NADPH
Write the equation that shows how NADP+ is changed into NADPH.
NADP+ + 2e- + H+ → NADPH
Cells CHARGE UP NADP+ to NADPH by adding electrons and hydrogen ions
Light
Be able to write the chemical equation for photosynthesis: 6 CO2 + 6 H20 → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What are LIGHT ABSORBING molecules called? PIGMENTS
What is the main pigment used by green plants to absorb energy? CHLOROPHYLL
What are groups of light collecting pigments called? PHOTOSYSTEMS
Which wavelengths of light are best absorbed by chlorophyll? RED & BLUE-VIOLET
Which wavelengths of light are reflected by chlorophyll? GREEN
What other pigments do plants have? CAROTENOIDS (red, yellow, orange)
Why do plants have these other pigments besides chlorophyll?
THEY ABSORB OTHER WAVELENGTHS THAT CHLOROPHYLL CAN’T SO THEY HELP
CHLOROPHYLL USE MORE OF THE SUN’S ENERY
Why do trees change color in the fall? CHLOROPHYLL DISAPPEARS AND WE CAN SEE THE
CAROTENOIDS THAT ARE USUALL HIDDEN
How do we see color? WE SEE REFLECTED LIGHT
Why do plants look green? CHLOROPHYLL REFLECTS GREEN LIGHT
Label the parts of a chloroplast and tell where the reactions for photosynthesis happen.
A
B
C
D
E
=
=
=
=
=
THYLAKOID SAC
STROMA
GRANUM
THYLAKOID SPACE
CYTOPLASM
What do we call proteins that help chemical reactions happen? ENZYMES
Which molecule makes ATP by adding a P onto ADP? ATP SYNTHASE
Where are the enzymes for the LIGHT DEPENDENT reactions located?
IN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
Where are the enzymes for the LIGHT INDEPENDENT reactions located? IN THE STROMA
The LIGHT INDEPENDENT reactions are also called ? CALVIN CYCLE
Which reactions in photosynthesis require light? LIGHT DEPENDENT
Which reactions in photosynthesis do not require light? LIGHT INDEPENDENT (CALVIN CYCLE)
Which gas is given off by green plants during photosynthesis? OXYGEN (O2)
Which gas is used up by green plants during photosynthesis? CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
What do we call the molecules on the left hand side of a chemical equation? REACTANTS
What do we call the molecules on the right hand side of a chemical equation? PRODUCTS
What happens during the Light Dependent reactions?
PLANTS USE ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT TO MAKE ATP & NADPH and GIVE OFF OXYGEN
What are the REACTANTS in the light dependent reactions? WATER (H2O)
What are the PRODUCTS of the light dependent reactions? ATP, NADPH, OXYGEN (O2)
Which molecules produced by the light-dependent reaction are used during the Calvin cycle?
ATP & NADPH
What happens during the Calvin cycle?
PLANTS USE CO2, ATP, and NADPH TO MAKE GLUCOSE (C6H12O6)
What are the REACTANTS in the Calvin cycle? CO2, ATP, & NADPH
What are the PRODUCTS of the Calvin cycle? GLUCOSE (C6H12O6)
Where does the carbon(C) and oxygen (O) in glucose ultimately come from? FROM CO2
Where does the hydrogen (H) that ends up in NADPH ultimately come from? FROM H2O
Where does the hydrogen (H) in glucose ultimately come from?
FROM NADPH that got it from H2O
Which factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
AMOUNT OF WATER, TEMPERATURE, and LIGHT INTENSITY