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Cognitive Psych. Fall ‘04
Exam 2
Name: __________________________________
Multiple Choice. Circle the best alternative for each of the following. (1 pt each)
1. Which of the following is not part of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s modal model of memory?
a. sensory memory
b. short-term memory
c. implicit memory
d. long-term memory
2. In Sperling’s studies of sensory memory subjects see a very brief presentation of 3 rows of numbers, with 4
numbers in each row. They are then asked to report only one row of numbers. If a subject was able to
report 2 numbers correctly from the designated row, that would suggest that the capacity of their sensory
register is ___ numbers.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 9
3. You have just listened to a list of 20 words. When asked to recall these words in any order immediately after
hearing them, you are least likely to recall:
a. the first word
b. the second word
c. the 10th word
d. the 20th word
4. Having subjects perform an arithmetic task for 1 minute before they are asked to recall a list of words will:
a. eliminate the primacy effect
b. eliminate the recency effect
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
5. Sternberg’s study of short-term memory search showed that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
reaction time increased as the number of items to be remembered increased
reaction time decreased as the number of items to be remembered increased
reaction time was not related to number of items to be remembered
subjects could not remember more than 4 items
6. The result described in the previous question suggests that search of short-term memory is:
a. very slow
b. self-terminating
c. parallel
d. serial
7. Which of the following is not a component of Baddeley’s working memory model?
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a. the phonological loop
b. the central executive
c. the icon
d. the visuospatial sketch pad
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8. Which of the following are most likely to be confused in short-term memory?
a. the letters P and R
b. the letters C and B
c. the words “big” and “large”
d. all of these are equally confusable
9. A person suffering from anterograde amnesia due to brain damage;
a. can not remember anything that happened to them before the damage
b. cannot form new memories of what happened to them after the damage
c. cannot learn new skills
d. all of the above
10. Priming is a form of:
a. explicit memory
b. semantic memory
c. episodic memory
d. nondeclarative memory
11. Which of the following are most likely to be confused in long-term memory?
a. the letters P and R
b. the letters C and B
c. the words “big” and “large”
d. all of these are equally confusable
12. According to the retrieval cue explanation of interference, you are more likely to forget where you parked
your car in a lot where:
a.
b.
c.
d.
you have never parked before
you have always parked in the same place
you have parked frequently, but in many different places
all of the above are equally likely to result in forgetting
13. You are shown a series of photographs of different people. According to levels of processing theory, on a
surprise memory test for the faces you would do best if you had previously been asked to make judgements
about:
a. the hair color of each person
b. the gender of each person
c. the eye color of each person
d. the sincerity of each person
14. Studies of eyewitness memory:
a.
b.
c.
d.
reveal surprisingly accurate memories of stressful events
support Bartlett’s idea of memory as a constructive process
suggest that confidence in an important attribute of an accurate witness
show that witnesses are remarkably resistant to misleading information
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15. Inability to remember whether something really happened, or whether you just dreamed it, is an example of
a problem with:
a. forgetting
b. schematic distortion
c. repressed memory
d. source monitoring
16. Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?
a.
b.
c.
d.
remembering where you were when you head about the terrorist attacks of 9/11
remembering that you have to pick up a loaf of bread on your way home tonight
remembering that Springfield is the capital of Illinois
remembering how to tie your shoes
17. According to the hierarchical organization model, which of the following should be verified fastest?
a. Siberian tigers have tails.
b. Siberian tigers can move.
c. Siberian tigers are white.
d. Siberian tigers give birth to live young.
18. According to the feature comparison model, which of the following should be verified fastest?
a. A dog is a living thing.
b. A dog is a household pet.
c. A ferret is a living thing.
d. A ferret is a household pet.
19. Which of the following is an example of procedural memory?
a.
b.
c.
d.
remembering where you were when you head about the terrorist attacks of 9/11
remembering that you have to pick up a loaf of bread on your way home tonight
remembering that Springfield is the capital of Illinois
remembering how to tie your shoes
20. ___ is an organized framework for representing knowledge that incorporates both general knowledge and
information about specific events.
a. incidental learning
b. a flashbulb memory
c. a schema
d. the fan effect
21. According to the ___ view of concepts, people categorize new instances by comparing them to a previously
stored specific instance:
a. classical
b. prototype
c. exemplar
d. knowledge-based
22. The ___ view of concepts argues that a person uses his or her theories about the way the world works in
order to categorize instances.
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a. classical
b. prototype
c. exemplar
d. knowledge-based
23. When subjects were asked to imagine a letter and mentally move clockwise around the letter’s corners
a. they could respond faster by pointing than by responding verbally
b. they could respond faster verbally than by pointing
c. it didn’t make any difference whether they responded verbally or by pointing
d. most subjects could not do the task due to lack of visual imagery
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24. The dual coding hypothesis states that recall will be best when items are coded:
a. visually
b. verbally
c. both visually and verbally
d. with two distinct visual images
25. Tversky’s research suggests that people’s mental maps are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
very accurate and similar to real maps
systematically distorted by the use of heuristics
highly correlated with their travel experience
bigger than real maps
Short Answer. Answer 3 of the following 4 questions. (use a separate page; 5 pts each; you can get extra credit
by anwering all questions)
1. In studies of short-term memory search, subjects are given a set of numbers to remember. Then one number
flashes on the screen and they have to determine whether that number was part of the memory set or not.
How can you tell if their search of STM was exhaustive or self-terminating?
2. What is the “phonological loop”? Describe one piece of evidence that it exists.
3. What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory? Describe one way of testing each.
4. What is the difference between the classical view of categories and the prototype view?
Essay. (10 pts)
A. Write a guide called “Helpful Hints for Studying for Exams” that incorporates information you’ve learned
in this class that could help NEIU students do better on exams. It may take the form of a list of
suggestions, or it may be written in paragraph form. For each suggestion, explain why you think that
would help to improve performance on exams.