Chapter 7 Test Review
The following guide has been created by your fellow classmates to help you
prepare for the test. The questions created will be on the test for Chapter 7. You
can also expect questions regarding any terms listed for the chapter. You should
also pay particular attention to policies of Jackson that we discussed outside the
chapter.
Section 1: Rise in Nationalism
Information Prepared by: Theresa, Robert, and Joe
Objectives:
1. Describe how the War of 1812 helped increase nationalism in the United States.
2. Identify the steps U.S. officials took to try to prevent conflict with Great Britain.
3. Understand the events that led Spain to give up Florida in the United States.
4. Explain how the Monroe Doctrine reflected growing U.S. power
Terms:
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James Monroe
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Convention of 1818
Luis de Onis
Adams-Onis Treaty
Simon Bolivar
Monroe Doctrine
Outline:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nationalism – national pride & loyalty
James Monroe – Republicans nominated him for president
Era of Good Feelings
a. Period of political harmony in the United States
Rush-Bagot Agreement – American and Great Britain took most of their war ships out of the
Great Lakes
Convention of 1818
a. Fishing (both Britain and US)
b. Canadian border set at the 49th parallel west of the rocky mountains
c. Oregon
Adams-Onis Treaty
a. Spain transfers East Florida to US
Simon Bolivar
a. Helped gain independence in Latin America
b. Nickname was the Liberator
Monroe Doctrine
a. US wouldn’t interfere with exiting Latin American colonies but the US would consider
any European attempt to regain former colonies/establish new ones in the western
hemisphere “Dangerous to our peace and safety”
9. Luis de Onis
a. Secretary of state John Quincy Adams began secret negotiations with him for the US to
buy land
Questions:
1. What is nationalism? – extreme pride in one’s country
2. What steps did the US officials take to try to prevent conflict with Great Britain? – Rush-Bagot
Agreement and Convention of 1818 – be prepared to explain these.
3. What led Spain to sign Florida to the US? – Seminole attacks
4. What was the Monroe Doctrine? – statement by Monroe to Europe for them not to disturb any
colonies in the western hemisphere, they may not attempt to regain old colonies and any
attempts would be “dangerous to the US peace and safety”
Section 2: The Challenges of Growth
Information Prepared by: Mike, Christina, Eleni, Liam
Objectives
1. Explain what the American System attempted to accomplish.
2. Analyze how the Transportation and Market Revolutions affected the U.S. economy.
3. Understand how the Industrial Revolution changed the way in which goods were made in the
United States.
Terms:
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Specie
Mass production
Interchangeable parts
Henry Clay
American System
National Road
Erie Canal
Market Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Samuel Slater
Eli Whitney
Panic of 1819
Outline:
1. Economy
a. It had flaws revealed in financial system
i. the bank printed/lending more money than it could
2. The American System
a. Clay’s Idea
i. Popular politician in his time
ii. Proposed the American system
1. National bank
2. Protective tariff
3. Transportation system
iii. Convinced people that national bank would be a good idea
b. The Tarff of 1816
i. Act placed a 25% duty on most imported factory goods
ii. Enjoyed wide support among Northern manufacturers
c. Transportation
i. A bill was introduced to find a national system of roads, canals, and using tariff
money
1. 1815 construction of Cumberland Rd later called National Rd
2. 1817 started in Erie Canal
3. Transportation Revolution
a. Canals and Steamboats
i. Canals were used to shorten sea routes
b. Locomotives
i. Trains became an advantage over steamboats – go anywhere tracks laid
c. Market revolution
i. Creation of national markets
ii. Increased farmers’ and manufacturers’ profits and changed way worked and did
business
4. Industrial Revolution
a. Early Industrialization
i. Period of dynamic changes manufacturing
ii. Machines revolutionized the textile industry by allowing for mass production
1. Manufactured of large quantities of goods
iii. Eli Whitney -> introduced interchangeable parts in manufacture of firearms
b. Economic Reversal
i. Panic of 1819 -> chain reaction of bank failures caused falling land prices and
foreclosures
Questions:
What is a specie? – gold or silver coins that the bank held to back up notes
Who proposed the American system? – Henry Clay
What were the 3 features of the American System – transportation system, national bank, tariff
What were the new forms of transportation? – locomotive, canals, steamboats
What did the Tariff Act of 1816 do? – placed a 25% tax on most imported goods
What was the purpose of the national rd? – to stretch transportation to the West
Section 3: The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy
Information Prepared by: Allison, Amanda, Griffin, Patrick
Objectives:
1. Identify the role the Missouri Compromise played in the dispute over slavery.
2. Relate how the election of 1824 gave rise to charges of a “corrupt bargain,” and describe what
characterized John Quincy Adams’s presidency.
3. Explain how the election of Andrew Jackson broke with the politics of the past.
Terms:
 Spoils system
 Rotation in office
 Missouri Compromise
 John Quincy Adams
 Andrew Jackson
 Democratic Party
Questions:
1. Missouri Compromise
a. Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, thus keeping the balance
of the Senate
b. The agreement also banned slavery in the rest of the Louisiana purchase north latitutde
36,30 – Missouri’s southern boundary
c. Henry Clay led Congress in working this out
2. Election of 1824
a. By 1830
b. S voting laws had become more democratic
c. The expansion of voting rights was accompanied by growing opposition to the
nomination of presidential candidates by congress
d. Five republicans competed for presidency: William Crawford, Joahn C. Calhoun, John
Quncy Adams, Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson
e. Adams won election and made Clay secretary of State – Jackson and followers accused
two men of making a “corrupt bargain”
f. Adams had a unsuccessful presidency – unwilling to compromise with Congress
3. The Election of 1828
a. Andrew Jackson resigned from the Senate in 1825 to campaign for president in the 1828
election
i. Named “old hickory” because he seemed as tough as the strong hardwood
ii. Stressed his military skills and frontier roots to portray himself as “man of the
people”
iii. Supporters of Andrew Jackson became known as the Democratic Party
b. The 1828 presidential race focused more on the candidate’s personalities than on the
issues. Each side used personal attacks to win votes
c. Supporters of John Adams labeled Jackson as a murderer and started rumors about him
and his family members
i. Despite nasty rumors, Jackson swept the popular votes and electoral votes
d. The old social structure led by well-born individuals gradually gave way to a society
based more on economic success than on one’s social class at bith
i. Jackson’s image as a self made man reflected this new sense of economic
opportunity
e. By 1828 voters rather than state legislatures, choose presidential electors and most
public officials in almost every state
i. Expansion to voting rights got Jackson re-elected in 1832
f. The dramatic expansion of political participation – regardless of class was a break from
trends in the rest of the world – expansion known as Jackson democracy
g. Once in office, Jackson rewarded his supporters by giving some of them government
jobs – spoils system
4. New Government
a. Political supporters were awarded with government appointments and ensured future
support
b. Jackson also took several steps to reform the government, replaced public servants he
viewed as unfaithful
i. Rotation in office – periodic replacement of people
ii. Never replaced more than 20% of government workers
c. Jackson promised major reforms, however his goal wasn’t to replace his opponents
supporters. He appointed people he considered qualified
i. Believed that every American, no matter social class, or economic class, was as
competent as the other
d. Considered “People’s President”
Questions:
1. How did the Missouri Compromise relate to the dispute over slavery? – The Missouri
Compromise ended the debate because it admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free
state, thus keeping the balance in the Senate.
2. How did Adams and Clay make a “corrupt bargain” – Adams and clay denied any wrongdoing,
but suspicion remained/clay dropped out and Adams made him secretary of state because he
got supporters for Adams.
3. In what ways did the election of Andrew Jackson change the way government and politics had
been run?
a. The election changed the ways because when Jackson was elected in 1828 his
supporters had no party name at first, but then became known as the Democratic Party.
He also started the Jacksonian Democracy which was the expansion of political
participation regardless of class. He also started the spoils system which awarded
supporters by providing them with government jobs. Another major change was his
rotation in office which replaced office holders.
Section 4: Jackson’s Policies Define an Era
Objectives:
1. Understand why U.S. officials wanted to move eastern American Indians westward, and describe
how Indians resisted this removal.
2. Discuss the events that sparked the nullification crisis.
3. Identify the political divisions that arose over the National Bank.
4. Trace how the Whigs came to power in 1840.
Terms:
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Sequoya
Indian Removal Act
Worcester v. Georgia
Trail of Tears
John C. Calhoun
Martin Van Buren
Specie Circular
Panic of 1837
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
Outline
1. Indian Removal Act
a. Jackson providing for relocation of Indian nations living east of the Mississippi River to
Indian Territory
2. Worcester v. Georgia – Jackson against the supreme court.
3. Trail of Tears – an estimated 4,000 cherokee died on the 800- mile journey
4. Doctrine of nullification – John C. Calhoun wrote an essay that argued the states had the right to
nullify, or refuse to obey, any act of Congress they considered unconstitutional
5. Pet Banks – Jackson stopped depositing federal funds in the National Bank. New deposits went
to selected state banks chosen for their officers’ loyalty to the Democratic Party
6. The Panic of 1837 – an economic crisis
a. British investors also pulled their money out of the United States, further decreasing the
supply of specie. Factories closed, construction projects stood idle. Thousands of
workers lost their jobs.
7. Rise of the Whigs
a. Jacksons opponents
b. Attracted people who dislike Jackson’s policies and use of federal power
c. The whigs nominate war hero General William Henry Harrison who cold win broad
support and enjoyed the advantage of having few political or regional enemies
d. Harrison became the president and it lasted 4 weeks.
Questions:
1. Why did Andrew Jackson wish to remove the Cherokee Indians? And how did they try to
stay/resist?
a. He wanted the land of Georgia for settlers and the Indians westernized themselves by
settling down wearing pioneer style clothes, creating an alphabet and making
newspapers. Some also fought back, known as the second Seminole war.
2. How many Indians died on the Trail of Tears? – 4,000
3. What is the doctrine of nullification?
a. States have the right to nullify or refuse to obey any act how loyal their officers were to
the democratic party
4. What caused the Panic of 1837?
a. The Panic of 1837 was a US economic collapse caused by the specie circular and by an
economic crisis in Great Britain.