Name: _________________________________
DRUGS - Forensic Drug Analysis
PowerPoint Notes
____% of Forensics Lab work is drugs
__________% of all Criminal Cases involve drugs
Addiction
Physical vs. Psychological addiction
Physical addiction
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causes ________________ __________________
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Substances producing Physical Addiction:
____________________, Narcotics, ____________________
Psychological addiction
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_________________ release; drug satisfies an ___________________ need
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Substances producing Psychological Addiction:
___________________ and PCP
Classification of Drugs
Opiates / Narcotics
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Reduce ____________________, cause a ____________-like state
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morphine, ______________, codeine, ________________
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Both __________________ and ____________________ addictive
Stimulants
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Stimulates, or ___________________, the CNS
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Feelings of “high” energy, ________________
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_________________, cocaine, ___________________
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______________________ addictive
Hallucinogens
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Alters ___________________, “gen”erates __________________
ZZZZZzzzzzz
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LSD (street name _______________), PCP(street name ___________________), MDMA (street name
___________________), Mescaline (from _________________________), Marijuana (THC),
hallucinogenic “magic” _____________________ (psilocybin)
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Most neither _____________________, nor _________________________ dependence
Depressants
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Depresses _________, __________________, slowed response
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Barbiturates (Phenobarbital), ___________________
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________________ (diazepam), ________________ (alprazolam)
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__________________ and psychologically addictive
Controlled Substances
Schedules
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I: No approved medical use
_______, ______________, Psilocyn, Psilocybin, ___________________,
_____________, Mescaline, Methaqualone
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II: Medical use, severely addictive
_______________________, ______________, Codeine, __________________
Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Methylphenidate
Meperidine, _________, Phenmetrazine, Oxycodone,
Oxymorphone, Butyl nitrite, Amobarbital,
Secobarbital, Pentobarbital
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III: Medical use, somewhat addictive
Morphine & Codeine in mixture, Opium, Pentobarbital (Mix)
___________________ Steroids (1991)
Controlled Substances II
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IV: Medical use, low addictive potential
Xanax & ___________________, __________________,
___________________ cough syrup, Phenobarbital
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V: OTC
Mixtures of ____________________ and opiates
Propylhexedrine (decongestant)
Analysis Sequence
 Observations
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Rock like, powdered, wet
 Screening Test
A _________________ test used to reduce the number of possible identities of an __________
substance
Confirmation
Chromatography (mixtures)
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Thin Layer
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Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry
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Liquid chromatography – Mass spectrometry
Infrared Spectroscopy (pure)
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Infrared light
Identification of Marijuana
Green Plant Material
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Dry & Package in Paper
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Microscopic Examination
Look for “Bear Claw” cystolythic hair on top surface of leaf
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Duquenois-Levine Color test (Screening)
2% vanillin, 1% acetaldehyde in Ethanol
Hydrochloric acid: purple color
Chloroform heaver than water forms lower layer: Will pull purple color into lower layer
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Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Results: THC red color on plate
Marijuana is a mixture of compounds
Powders / Color Tests
Marquis Test: 2% formaldehyde in H2SO4
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Purple
Opiates
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Orange to brown
Amphetamine & Meth
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Blue
Ecstasy
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Red
Aspirin
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Pink
cocaine
Microcrystalline test
Chemical reagent is added which causes crystals to form
Crystals have different shape depending upon what drug
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Drug Testing in the Body
Urine testing is most common
Immunoassay (presumptive)
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Based on antigen-antibody binding specificity
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Antibody produced by injecting antigen (drug) into rabbit
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Antibodies will bind to drug in urine
Confirmation by HPLC or GC/MS
False positives in Immunoassays
Poppy seeds and Vicks 44 for opiates
Decongestants for amphetamines
Benadryl and dextromethorphan for PCP