Training Development And Promotion As A Means Of
Boosting Employee Morale In An Organization (A Case
Study Of Cadbury Nigeria Plc Lagos)
1
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2
Statement of the Problem
1.3
Purpose of the Study
1.4
scope of the Study
1.5
Research Question
1.6
Significance of the Study
1.7
Definition of Terms
Reference
2
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Review of Relevant Theory
2.2
Learning Theory
2.3
Training Team and Their Functions
2.4
Importance of Training and Development
Review Training Needs
2.6
Planning Training Needs
2.7
Assessing Training at Various Levels
Methods and Technique for Training and Development
2.9
Criteria for Training Selection
2.10 Management Development
2.11 Methods and Techniques for Development
2.12 Evaluation of Training Programme
Reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Research Design and Methodology
3.1
Research Design
3
3.2
Area of Study
3.3
Population and Study
3.4
Sampling and Sampling Procedure
3.5
Instrument for Data Collection
3.6
Validation of the Research Instrument
3.7
Reliability of the Research Instrument
3.8
Method of Administration of the Research Instrument
3.9
Reference
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Data Presentation and Analysis
Reference
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Discussion of Findings
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Implications of the Finding
5.4
Recommendations
5.5
Suggestion for further research
5.6
Limitation
5.7
Summary
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
4
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Every Organization be it people or private has the primary aim of
achieving the organizational goals for which it was being set up.
These goals can only be achieved by the judicious acquisition and
effective utilization of its man power resources.
According to E.F.L. Brech (1976) Management in principle Pg. 10
Training and Development this is an aspect of management practice wherein a
good deal of realistic and reliable knowledge is called for as well as the
expertise to be able to interpret and translate the disclosed needs into the ways
and means of improvement.
Generally guidance on this matter is not easy to offer and it could be
unwise if allowed to become the substitute for expert assistance.
This is also important that the programmes for development whether by
training (learning) or by others means, should allow for and encourage the selfhelp efforts of gained from this factor improving competence. There is major
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benefit to be gained too, from wise counseling by older and senior mangers.
This is particularly true when the improvements called for lie the direction of
personal attitude, of behaviour towards colleagues and subordinates or of
judgment and decision. Such counseling should not occur only at the periodic
appraisal reviews but, should rather be a feature of the everyday exercise of the
managerial roles.
According to Lawrence L. Bethel, Franklin S. at water, George H.E.
Smith, Harvey A. Stackman, Jr. and James L. Riggs, industrial Organization
and Management Fifth Edition Pg. 427 says larger companies have been giving
increasing attention to the training and development of management members
above the foremen level: department heads, staff assistants and officers. The
systematic inventory of executive potential which highlights the training need,
the essence of this is a self-evaluation of training and experiences a soulsearching analysis present performance and a selection of specific items to be
improved. If a man can recognized his own weaknesses and find means to
strengthen them, this is one of the best forms of executive development.
Therefore, no organization can progress, grow and excel without training
and promoting its working force for high productivity and efficiency. However
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in a growing economy like Nigeria there is likely to be high rate of managerial
turnover and because of these, gap many arise in the managerial structure of the
industry, in filling these gaps, skilled people from different sectors are
appraised and will need to be trained and development in order to fit the
specific needs of management.
Manpower is one of the vital resources of any organization and it plays a
vital role in development of the nation. Land capital and manpower and the
basic factors of production, it is pertinent to know that manpower is the most
important of all these factors, this is because when there is no manpower the
other factors can not operate.
In almost the 3rd world countries in which Nigeria belongs to, the major
hindrance to the successful implementation of national development plan since
our independence in 1960 is our inability to develop highly rich resource of
manpower; lack of development of our social economic sphere often lead to
disintegration of our indigenous industry growth.
Speight (1989) editor in the book title the science of price, wrote that
income is the product of human efforts acting upon or aided by other resource,
it follows that income could always be increased by the application of more
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human effort to scarce resources. A country that cannot develop the skill and
knowledge of its human resource and utilized them effectively in the national
economy cannot develop anything else.
In addition, if a country fails to train develop and promote the necessary
class of people in a way that is expected of such country, it would not produce
positively rather such country will remain unproductive.
Basically, the success of any organization will depend on the effective
use of human resources available to that organization. At any point in time in
the life of the organization there should be the right number of employees with
the right level of skill doing the right job at the right time and performing the
right activities with the aim of achieving the right objective. In effect every
manager in an organization has a number of assets at his disposal he is
accustomed to view physical assert, like plants and machinery as an investment
on which he expects a reasonable return.
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION
Cadbury Nigeria Plc, is one of the largest manufacturers of
confectioneries in Nigeria to day Cadbury Nigeria Plc, started as an off short of
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Cadbury fry export limited, a British company primary engaged in the purchase
of cocoa from the west coast of Africa.
Cadbury Nigeria Plc, was effectively started in Nigeria in the 9 th day of
January 1966 with the setting up of factory at Agidingbin village near Ikeja and
this was mainly due to the encouraging sales of pronto which, it experienced
during the year 1956 to 1966, from a staff strength of 268 workers, it grew to a
total of 2,000 workers of which, 200 are management and supervisory staff and
also has sales depot all over the federation.
Cadbury Nigeria Plc, started with a depot in 1959, this depot was
extended to include a small production unit which packed bulk supplied of
pronto and Bornvita from England.
In 1964 due to the rise in sales complete manufacturing schemes for
production was established and production of Bornvita started in 1965. During
the years 1963 and 1964 a lot of research work was undertaken with the object
of introducing new products which has been specially developed for the
Nigeria market and as a result, two new products were introduced. GoodyGoody and Tomapep and they were launched in 1966. In the past 35 years,
Cadbury Nigeria Plc has grown to be amongst one of the heading
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manufacturing industries in Nigeria with over N2million fixed assets. Cadbury
Nigeria Plc has its own headquarters in United Kingdom (U.K) known as
Cadbury Schweppes Group of U.K.
Other products being produced now include Malta-sweet, butter-mint,
Knor cube, Dawadawa cube, Trebor brand confectionery, Éclairs chocolate
sweet e.t.c.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Before now, organizations are known for training and development, due
to their personnel and because of the huge amount of money involved hence
they recruit employee and this does not only affect company’s image but
reduces out put because of the inexperience of some of the employed staff.
The researcher now wants to look into these conditions to see why there
is no effective training, development and promotion of staff within the
company.
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1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The efficiency of an organization can be measured by the degree to
which the organization excels in carrying out its’ business operations.
This study is concerned with: Finding out the methods adopted by
organizations increasing eh overall effectiveness of its managerial cadre
through training, promotion and development, and they are as follows: i.
To find out if there has been a training, development and promotion in
their policy at all.
ii.
To identify the cadre those are sent for this training and development. To
ascertain whether the program is still in existence
iii.
To determine the training and development methods adopted by the
organization.
iv.
To find out whether workers are promoted as and when due.
1.4
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Due to logistic reason the choice of respondents was limited to the
Cadbury Nigeria Plc headquarter.
The refused of some of the respondent to answer some of eh questions.
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Some of the questions provided also added to some of problems, thereby
limiting researcher in making accurate deduction.
Some of the questionnaires were not seen for further accuracy of the
research.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Does Cadbury Nigeria Plc have training and development package in
their policy?
2. Do training, promotion and development of staff enhance level of
productivity in the organization?
3. What cadres of workers are sent for training development?
4. Do training development and promotion motive workers?
5. Do promotion, development and training reduce the rate of managerial
turnover?
6. Do training, development and promotions boost workers morale for
increasing productivity?
7. How often do employees go for training?
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1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will help all the companies especially Cadbury Nig. Plc. to
find out if their training, promotion and development enhance productivity
leads to a reduction in a managerial turnover and to show if it serves as a means
of booster to the employee.
1.7
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Training: - Is the organized behaviour by which people learn knowledge. It is
main objective is to achieve a change in the behaviour of those trained.
Looking at training from industrial point of view training means that trainees
shall acquire new manipulative skills, technical knowledge and problem
solving ability.
Development: - This can be described as growth or advancement in any form,
be it political, social or economical. It can also be described as the positive
outcome of knowledge acquire through training.
Promotion: - This can be seen as a result of a successful completion of training
or the reward of a brilliant performance of an employee within his working
environment.
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Manpower: - Is the human resources in the organization for output.
Managerial Shortage: - This can be refer to a situation whereby the staff
under the organization did not gain interim of training promotion and
development
Turnover: - Rate at which staff leave the organization.
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REFERENCE
Dale S. Beach:
The Management of people at work; 1st Edition
(Macmillan Publishing Company New York 1965)
Frank A. Dephillips:
Berliner
Management of Training Programme William A,
1st Edition (Illinois, Homewood 1964)
And James Gribben
Ivor K. Davies (1973):
The Organization of Training
Harold Koontz, Cyril:
Management and Organization
O’ Donnell, Heinz
Weichrich (1984)
E.F.L. Brech (1976):
Development 8th Edition
McGraw Hill, Publishing Company Singapore
Management in Principle 1st Edition.
Lawrence L. Bethel, Franklins Atwater, George H.E. Smith
Harvey A. Stackman, Jr. and James L. Riggs:
Industrial
Organization and Management Fifth Edition
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