Timetable of “Biology”
for 1 year students of the Faculty of Dentistry
lectures and classes (lab exercises)
Academic year 2010/2011
st
UNIT 1 (8 October 2010)
Lecture: Biology and ecology and medicine (development of biological sciences and
their typology; diversity of organisms; scientific terminology; levels of organismal
structure; levels of biosphere structure). Introduction to cell structure and biology;
DNA and RNA – their structure and spatial arrangement; biosynthesis of proteins; cell
cycle; sexual reproduction; Cell division in prokaryotes, cell division in eukaryotes
(mitosis);
Class: Microscopic techniques. Meiosis—human gametogenesis. Preparation of cell
to meiosis. Stages and importance meiosis. Changes in the of hormonal regulation of
human oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Quantitative stages of DNA throughout the
cell cycle during meiosis. Meiosis as a key element contributing to recombinant
variability. Hormonal regulation of oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans.
UNIT 2 (15 October 2010)
Lecture: Parameters characterising human populations and its diversity.
Demographic explosion.
Class: Chromosome structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Chromatin spatial
arrangement. Human chromosome types; Morphological differences between
chromosomes X and Y. Sex chromatin, Barr Body, and Y body.
UNIT 3 (22 October 2010)
Lecture: Xenobiotics: the environmental factors, the tolerance range, the
bioaccumulation, and the biotransformation.
Class: Test (classes 1–2). Cytogenetic diagnostic methods. Karyotype: normal and
abnormal. Chromosome aberrations and their origin. Phenotypic consequences of
aneuploidies of autosomal and heterosomal chromosomes (Down-, Turner-, and
Klinefelter- syndromes). Karyotype preparation and chromosome bending techniques
and their importance in cytogenetic diagnostics.
UNIT 4 (29 October 2010)
Lecture: Human Genome Project; nuclear genome and mitochondrial genome.
Mitochondrial diseases/disorders; gene concept; coding and non-coding DNA.
Selected issues of genetic diagnostics and genetic therapy. Most important human
genetic disorders and their detection.
Class: Inheritance patterns in humans; Antigens associated with red blood cells.
Blood types/blood groups (ABO, MN, Rh systems) and their clinical importance.
Inheritance patterns based on examples covering dental pathologies. Disorders based
on autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and x-linked mutations.
UNIT 5 (3 November 2010)
Lecture: Intra- and interspecific relations with particular emphasis on symbiosis and
its types (e.g., parasitism)
Class: Basic concepts of population genetics. Principal characteristics of a population
(reproduction, mortality, age structure, density). Hardy-Weinberg Law. Parameters
affecting the allele frequency in a population. Effect on the natural selection on
human population.
UNIT 6 (19 November 2010)
Lecture: Parasitism and its concepts; host-parasite system; examples of parasitic
organisms in taxonomical arrangement (aspects of: biology, ecology, morphology,
and epidemiology of most important parasite species).
Class: test (classes 3–5);
morphology of parasites: Protista: Flagellates: Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas
vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, T. cruzi
UNIT 7 (26 November 2010)
Lecture: Selected environmental factors affecting potential and actual reproduction
of Homo sapiens, its health status; ontogenetic development of humans.
Class: Morphology of parasites: Protista:
Amoebae: Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba gingivalis
Apicomplexans: Plasmodium vivax, Toxoplasma gondii
UNIT 8 (3 December 2010)
Lecture: Developmental biology and ontogenetic development of humans.
Reproduction and the reproductive procedure. Sex determination in humans and other
mammals (including the role of SRY gene).
Class: Morphology of parasites: Flatworms: Digeneans (Trematoda): Schistosoma
haematobium; Tapeworms (Cestoda): Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Echinococcus
granulosus
UNIT 9 (9 December 2010)
Lecture: Length of human life; organism aging and selected diseases and disorders of
old age).
Class: Morphology of parasites: Roundworms: Nematodes: Ascaris lumbricoides,
Enterobius vermicularis, Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris trichiura
UNIT 10 (17 December 2010)
Lecture: Human immune system and parasitic diseases.
Class: Morphology of parasites: Arthropods:
Ticks: Ixodes ricinus
Mites: Demodex folliculorum, Sarcoptes scabiei
Insects: Pediculus humanus, Pthirus pubis, Cimex lectularius, Pulex irritans.
UNIT 11 (7 January 2011)
Class: (4 hours) Ecology and Parasitology—end-of-section test
Elements essential for life (macro-, micro-, and ultraelements). Xenobiotics with
particular emphasis on fluorine, mercury, lead, and cadmium
UNIT 12 (14 January 2011)
Class: (1 hours) Ecology and Parasitology—end-of-section test (retake)
EXAM- 21 January 2010 1300 hours
Exam retake: date will be announced later