NAME______________ BIOLOGY 2402
DATE______________ INTEGRATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS SPRILG 2005
1. Damage to an upper motor neuron would result in spastic/flaccid paralysis. Damage to a
lower motor neuron would result in spastic/flaccid paralysis.
2. Match the letters of the below tracts with the appropriate description. Some tracts may be
used more than once.
A. spinothalamic
B. corticospinal
C. spinocerebellar
D. vestibulospinal
E. dorsal column
F. tectospinal
_____ This tract carries sensory impulses to the cerebellum from proprioceptors.
_____ This tract carries motor impulses from the nuclei stimulated by the maculae and
cristae to skeletal muscles for the maintenance of body position.
_____ This tract carries pain and temperature impulses.
_____ This is the tract stimulated by the two point test.
_____ This tract was utilized in the experiment involving the buckets of water.
_____ ,_____ These tracts are the pyramidal pathways.
_____ This tract carries motor impulses to the vastus lateralis muscles.
_____ This tract carries sensory impulses for conscious proprioception and discriminative
touch.
_____ This tract carries motor impulses involving visual reflexes.
3. How are the below brain areas involved in memory.
a. prefrontal cortex –
b. hippocampus –
c. amygdala –
4. The Broca’s/Wernicke’s rea initiates the complex series of movements necessary for
speech. The Broca’s/Wernicke’s area is necessary for understanding and formulating
coherent speech. The speech areas of the brain are typically located in the left/right cerebral
hemisphere.
5. Briefly describe how short-term memory and long-term memory is processed by the brain.
6. Are the below characteristic of REM or NREM sleep? Write R or N.
A. Dreams occur
B. Mental activity approaches daytime levels.
C. Heart rate drops
D. Erection occurs
E. The skeletal muscles of the arms and legs are inhibited
7. Give a brief function of the below brain areas.
a. primary gustatory area – b. premotor area –
c. visual association area –
d. prefrontal cortex –
e. primary olfactory area –
f. somatic sensory association area –
_____ This is where smell becomes conscious.
_____ This is the area of higher reasoning, knowing right from wrong, and
personality.
_____ This area compares what is being seen with what has been seen before.
_____ This is the area where taste becomes conscious.
_____ This area compares incoming general sensations with general sensations that
have been felt before.
8.
Define the below terms.
a. projection –
b. analgesic –
c. cerebrovascular accident –
9. Why is the advantage of pain being tonic?
10. Diagram either a typical motor or sensory pathway. Use the back of the page. Why does the
somatosensory homunculus or the motor homunculus have the proportions that it does?
11. The precentral/postcentral gyrus is involved in motor commands. The precentral/postcentral gyrus
is where sensory information from general sensation receptors becomes conscious The cerebellum/basal
nuclei/precentral gyrus compares what the cerebral cortex commands with proprioceptive information
concerning body position to coordinate fast movements. The cerebellum/basal nuclei/precentral gyrus
is the part of the brain that helps to regulate slow, sustained movements and in initiating movement such as
swinging the arms and laughing.
Bonus. Why does caffeine help keep you awake? Be complete.