Byzantine Empire notes
P1 The Byzantine Empire began as the _________________________________
P2 In 395, after a period of crisis, the ______________________ split into two separate empires. Each had
its own capital and emperor
P3 Eastern Empire – ___________________________
P3 Western Empire – ____________________________
P2 By 476, the _____________________________________ had been conquered by invading
_____________________________.
P1 After the ___________________ Empire collapsed, the ____________________ Empire continued to
thrive. Over time it became known as the ____________________ Empire.
P2 Wealth from ________________ made the ________________ Empire richer and stronger than the
Western Empire.
P2 The ______________________ called themselves ________________. They followed
_________________ traditions and laws. ___________________ the Roman language, was the official
language of the ______________________ government.
P1 In 527 ___________________________ became the emperor of the ________________________ Empire.
He wanted to rebuild the ___________________ Empire by reconquering all the lands the Romans had
once ruled.
P1 Justinian’s Influence
P2 In ______________, Ostrogoths fought the Byzantines for control of land. Justinian’s armies conquered
all of _____________________, but lost most of this land to the invading _______________________
in 572.
P2 While Justinian’s armies were fighting in the west, enemies attacked from the __________. The
____________________ invaded the Empire and captured _______________ and ________________.
P2 ___________________ tribes north of ___________________ began to raid the Empire.
Byzantine Empire notes
P1 Byzantine Government
P2 Chose government officials on __________________________________
P2 Justinian was the sole ___________________________________
P2 Strong ________________________ government helped hold empire together
P2 In an effort to establish fair and efficient government, Justinian and his assistants collected and codified
Roman laws into the ______________________________ ___________________________
P3 This later served as a model for ______________________ systems of continental
____________________________.
P1 Theodora
P2 Justinian’s ______________________ who was one of his ________________________
P2 Wanted more rights for _____________________________
P1 Justinian’s Legacy
P2 Justinian died in ____________________
P2 His type of rule set the standard for later Byzantine rulers
P2 Changes helped the Empire survive
P3 In 600s ________________________ emperors broke with __________________ tradition.
They created a new way of ruling the Empire, including adopting __________________ as the
official language.
P1 Byzantine Religion
P2 In 392 _________________________ became official religion of the ______________________
Empire.
P3 When the Empire split in ______________, both the __________________ and
________________- Empires remained ___________________.
P2 Over time, _______________________ and _______________________ Christianity became different
Byzantine Empire notes
P2 ______________________ became the center of ____________________ Christianity, which was led
by the ___________________. The western capital was located in ______________________.
P2 Constantinople was the center of ________________________ Christianity, which was led partly by the
_________________________, and partly by the ________________________ of Constantinople. The
capital of the Eastern Empire was _____________________________.
P2 Western Christianity became known as ______________________ Catholicism.
P2 The Eastern Empire later became the _______________________ Empire. Byzantines considered
themselves the true Romans and defenders of the one true church. Eastern Christianity became known
as ___________________ Orthodox.
P2 Iconoclastic Controversy
P3 Disagreement over the use of _________________, or holy picture, in the church
P1 Schism
P2 In the 800s there were major disagreements between the ____________ and the __________________
emperor. By 1054 ______________________ and ____________________ Christianity had split into
_______________ churches.
P1 Byzantine Legacy
P2 The importance of the _____________________ Empire is not based on size.
P3 The greatest land gains were made during _________________________ rule.
P2 In the ___________________ years after Justinian’s reign the Byzantines were almost constantly at
____________.
P2 Major importance of the Byzantine Empire was that it preserved ___________________ and
__________________ of ancient _____________________ and _____________________.
P2 When __________________ Empire was overrun by invaders, the Eastern or ___________________
Empire continued to thrive. Byzantine scholars created _____________________ of Greek and Roman
works.
P2 In _______________ when the ___________________ Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire many
scholars fled to __________________. They brought with them ______________ and ______________
manuscripts that were unknown to Western scholars.
P2 The _____________________ preserved by the _____________________ helped start the
______________________________, the rebirth of art, science, and philosophy in
_________________.
P2 The Byzantine Empire also helped protect and spread __________________________.
P2 In the 800s, the _______________________ began to send _______________________ into Eastern
Europe and _________________ to gain new converts.
P1 Byzantine art and culture also spread to neighboring regions.
P2 To communicate with the _________________, the Byzantines developed a system of writing known as
the ___________________ alphabet. This alphabet is still used today in ________________________
and other languages
Byzantine Empire notes
P2 The religious art developed by the ______________________________ influenced the art of
___________, _________________, and other European countries.
P1 Constantinople
P2 Capital of two great ______________________, it was also an __________________ and cultural
center
P2 Located on an easily defended __________________________ where ____________________ and
______________ join.
P2 Controlled the ____________________ Strait which joined the _________________ Sea and the Sea of
_____________________, thus controlling access to the ____________________________ Sea.
P2 When the Ottoman Turks conquered ____________________________ they made it their capital and
renamed it _______________________.
Byzantine Empire notes
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1
The Byzantine Empire began as the EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
P2 In 395, after a period of crisis, the ROMAN EMPIRE split into
two separate empires. Each had its own capital and emperor
P3 Eastern Empire – CONSTANTINOPLE
P3 Western Empire – ROME
P2 By 476, the WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE had been conquered
by invading BARBARIANS
After the WESTERN Empire collapsed, the EASTERN Empire
continued to thrive. Over time it became known as the
BYZANTINE Empire.
P2 Wealth from TRADE made the EASTERN Empire richer and
stronger than the Western Empire.
P2 The BYZANTINES called themselves ROMAN. They followed
ROMAN traditions and laws. LATIN, the Roman language, was
the official language of the BYZANTINE government.
In 527 JUSTINIAN became the emperor of the BYZANTINE
Empire. He wanted to rebuild the ROMAN Empire by
reconquering all the lands the Romans had once ruled.
Justinian faces challenges
P2 In ITALY, Ostrogoths fought the Byzantines for control of land.
Justinian’s armies conquered all of ITALY, but lost most of this
land to the invading LOMBARDS in 572.
P2 While Justinian’s armies were fighting in the west, enemies
attacked from the EAST The PERSIANS invaded the Empire
and captured EGYPT and SYRIA
P2 SLAVIC tribes north of GREECE began to raid the Empire.
Byzantine Government
Byzantine Empire notes
Chose government officials on ABILITY
P2 Justinian was the sole RULER
P2 Strong CENTRAL government helped hold empire together
P2 In an effort to establish fair and efficient government, Justinian
and his assistants collected and codified Roman laws into the
JUSTINIAN’S CODE
P3 This later served as a model for LEGAL systems of
continental EUROPE
Theodora
P2 Justinian’s WIFE who was one of his ADVISORS
P2 Wanted more rights for WOMEN
Justinian’s death
P2 Justinian died in 565
P2 Changes helped the Empire survive
P3 In 600s BYZANTINE emperors broke with ROMAN
tradition. They created a new way of ruling the Empire,
including adopting GREEK as the official language.
In 392 CHRISTIANITY became official religion of the ROMAN
Empire.
P2 When the Empire split in 395, both the EASTERN and
WESTERN Empires remained CHRISTIAN
Over time, WESTERN and EASTERN Christianity became
different
P2 ROME became the center of WESTERN Christianity, which was
led by the POPE The western capital was located in ROME
P2
P1
P1
P1
P1
Byzantine Empire notes
Constantinople was the center of EASTERN Christianity, which
was led partly by the EMPEROR, and partly by the
PATRIARCH of Constantinople. The capital of the Eastern
Empire was CONSTANTINOPLE
P2 Western Christianity became known as ROMAN Catholicism.
P2 The Eastern Empire later became the BYZANTINE Empire.
Byzantines considered themselves the true Romans and
defenders of the one true church. Eastern Christianity became
known as EASTERN Orthodox.
P2 Iconoclastic Controversy
P3 Disagreement over the use of ICONS or holy picture, in the
church
Schism
P2 In the 800s there were major disagreements between the POPE
and the BYZANTINE emperor. By 1054 WESTERN and
EASTERN Christianity had split into TWO churches.
Byzantine Legacy
P2 The importance of the BYZANTINE Empire is not based on size.
P3 The greatest land gains were made during JUSTINIAN’S
rule.
P2 In the 900 years after Justinian’s reign the Byzantines were
almost constantly at WAR
P2 Major importance of the Byzantine Empire was that it preserved
KNOWLEDGE and CULTURE of ancient GREECE and ROME
P2 When THE ROMAN Empire was overrun by invaders, the
Eastern or BYZANTINE Empire continued to thrive. Byzantine
scholars created LIBRARIES of Greek and Roman works.
P2
P1
P1
Byzantine Empire notes
In 1453 when the OTTOMAN Turks conquered the Byzantine
Empire many scholars fled to ITALY. They brought with them
GREEK and ROMAN manuscripts that were unknown to
Western scholars.
P2 The KNOWLEDGE preserved by the BYZANTINE helped start
the RENAISSANCE, the rebirth of art, science, and philosophy
in EUROPE
P2 The Byzantine Empire also helped protect and spread
CHRISTIANITY
P2 In the 800s, the BYZANTINES began to send MISSIONARIES
into Eastern Europe and RUSSIA to gain new converts.
Byzantine art and culture also spread to neighboring regions.
P2 To communicate with the SLAVS, the Byzantines developed a
system of writing known as the CYRILLIC alphabet. This
alphabet is still used today in RUSSIA and other languages
P2 The religious art developed by the BYZANTINES influenced the
art of RUSSIA, ITALY, and other European countries.
Constantinople
P2 Capital of two great EMPIRES, it was also an ECONOMIC and
cultural center
P2 Located on an easily defended PENINSULA where EUROPE
and ASIA join.
P2 Controlled the BOSPORUS Strait which joined the BLACK Sea
and the Sea of MAMARA, thus controlling access to the
AEGEAN/MEDITERRANEAN Sea.
P2 When the Ottoman Turks conquered CONSTANTINOPLE they
made it their capital and renamed it ISTANBUL.
P2
P1
P1