KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
SAHYADRI SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMUS), SHIMOGA
Approved Syllabus for B.Sc. Biochemistry Course - 2012
Course Code: BC-03.
Cellular Biochemistry and Biochemical techniques
Total hours of instruction: 60 hrs
Hours/week: 4.
Part I: Cellular Biochemistry
Unit I: Ultra structure of cell (10 h.)
20 M.Wt
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Subcellular particles and marker enzymes. Nucleus, chromosomes,
mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, glyoxysomes
and peroxysomes. Cytoskeletons-microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments –Distribution,
types, structure and chemical compostion. Biological importance. Structure, functions and difference
between animal and plant cellular systems.
Unit II: Plasma membrane (6 h.)
M.Wt
Structure, functions and chemical composition of biological membranes. Structure of fluid mosaic model.
Simple diffusion- definition, egs. Facilitated transport- definition, types with examples. Symport, uniport
and antiport. Active transport- Primary active transport, secondary active transport, Ion channels, sodium
potassium ATPase. V type, P type and F type transports. Endocytosis, Phagocytosis, Receptor mediated
Endocytosis, Protein Trafficking in Endocytosis
Unit III: Cellular interactions (5h.)
M.Wt
Cell- cell interaction and cell matrix interaction, extracellular matrix, proteoglycan and collagen, Cell –
cell adhesion, catherins, desmosomes, gap junction and tight junction.
Unit IV: Cell cycle and cell divisions (6 h.)
M.Wt
Cell cycle- different phases including cell division - Mitosis and meiosis (fundamental study), Apotopsis
definition, difference between apotopsis and necrosis and out line study of basic apotoptic pathway, role
of caspases. Cell cycle regulations.
Part II. Methods in Biochemistry
Unit I: Introduction (2 h.)
M.Wt
Scope of isolation and purification of biomolecules- strategy, aim, objective and sources (in brief).
Sample selection, methods of tissue homogenization. Salt and organic solvent extraction and
fractionation. Dialysis, Reverse dialysis, ultra filtration, lyophilization.
Unit II: Chromatography (6h.)
M.Wt
principle, procedure and application of partition chromatography, adsorption chromatography, ion
exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, affinity chromatography, GLC and HPLC.
Unit III: Electrophoresis (6h.)
M.Wt
Principle and applications of free flow, zone electrophoresis (Paper electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis,
PAGE, SDS-PAGE and Disc PAGE). Isoelectric focussing, High voltage electrophoresis, Pulse field
electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis. 2D PAGE.
Unit IV: Centrifugation (6h.)
M.Wt
Principle of sedimentation technique. Different types of centrifuge and rotors. Principle, procedure and
application of differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultra centrifugation, rate zonal
centrifugation, isopycnic centrifugation.
Unit V: Colorimetry and spectrophotometry (7h.)
M.Wt
Laws of light absorption -Beer - Lambert’s law. UV and visible absorption spectra, molar extinction
coefficient and quantitation. Principle and applications of colorimetry and spectrophotometry. Outlined
principle ad application of nephelometry, Turbidometry and fluoromentry, and Atomic absoption spectra,
NMR and Mass spectrophotometer (in brief).
.
Unit VI: Biostatistics (6 hr)
M.Wt
Aims, scope, definition and elementary ideaof statistics in biology
Computation, classification ,tabulation and diagrammatic presentation of statistical data
Basics of measures of central tendencies- mean, median, mode- measures of variations, standard deviation
(SD), standard error mean (SEM). Basics of correlation and regression and its applications in biology.
BC Pracatical-03
Major experiments:
1. Fractional precipitation of protein from crude tissue extracts
a) Ammonium sulphate
b) Acetone
2. Separation of amino acids by ascending paper chromatography
3. Separation of amino acids by circular paper chromatography
4. Separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography (TLC)
5. Verification of Beer-lamberts law law for a given colored solution
6. Experimental verification of molar extinction coefficient of any colored compound.
7. Demonstration of visible spectra for the pigments
8. Demonstration of Separation of serum protein by agarose gel electrophoresis
9. Demonstration of Dialysis using dialysis membrane
10. Demonstration of separation of plant pigments by column chromatographic technique
Minor experiments:
1. Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using microscopic observation
2. Study of stages of meiosis using onion root tip
3. Comments on:
i)
Phases of mitotic and meiotic stages of cell division
ii)
Apoptosis and Necrosis
iii)
Identification of Transport mechanism
Note: Practical proper: 20 Marks (Part A: 12 marks, Part B: 06 Marks; part c: 02), Record: 05 Marks,
Viva: 05 Marks.
References
1. The Cell : Geoffrey M.Cooper, Robert E. Hausman, ASM Press Washington DC.
Sinauer Associaters, Inc. ISBN 0-87893-214-3
2. Molecular Biology of the Cell: B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts
and J.D. Watson. , Garland Publishing Inc., New York. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1
3. Cellular and Molecular Biology : J. Darnell, H. Lodish and D. Baltimore., Scientific
American Boks, W.H. freeman and Company, New York.
4. Cell and Molecular Biology: E.D.P. Robertis and De Robertis
5. Physical Biochemistry- Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:
Friefelder D. WH Freeman and Company
6. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: - Ed. K.
Wilson and J. Walker, Cambridge Univerity Press.
7. The Tools of Biochemistry: Cooper T.G., John Wiley and Sons Publication.
8. Biophysical chemistry. Principles and Techniques: Upadhayay A, Upadhayay K
and Nath N., Himalaya publishing house.
9. Experimental Biochemistry. Cark Jr J. M. and Switzer R.L ., W.H. Freeman and Company
10. Research Methodology for Biological Sciences: Gurumani.N. , M.J.P. Publishers.,
KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
SAHYADRI SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMUS), SHIMOGA
Draft Syllabus for B.Sc. Biochemistry Course – 2012
Course Code: BC -04.
Nutritional and Physiological aspects of Biochemistry
Total hours of instruction: 60.
Hours/week: 4
Part I: Nutritional Biochemistry
Unit I. Introduction (2 hr)
Basic principle of balanced diet. Energy source and nutrients. nutritional requirements, food as source of
nutrients. Proximate analysis of foods (in brief).
Unit II. Energy balance (6 hr)
Definition of S.I. units of calorific value of foods – bomb calorimeter. Respiratory quotient (R.Q) –
definition, calculation of non-protein R.Q w.r.t carbohydrates and lipids. Measurement of energy
expenditure by direct and indirect methods. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) – Definition, measurement of
BMR by Benedict’s Roth apparatus method. Factors affecting BMR. Specific dynamic action of food
(SDA) – Energy requirement and recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for different physical activities
for children and during pregnancy and lactating women.
Unit III Macronutrients (6 hr)
Carbohydrates and lipids: Introduction, their role as fuel molecules, sources, requirements, storage forms.
Protein sparing effects of carbohydrates. Dietary fibers and their importance. Essential fatty acids and
their biological importance. Cholestrol and its biological importance.
Proteins: Introduction, their role in the diet. Nitrogen balance. Essential aminoacids. Complete and
incomplete proteins, nutritive value of proteins. Methods for assessment of nutrition value of proteins.
Mutual supplementation of proteins. Protein energy malnutrition.
Unit IV Micronutrients (6 hr)
Vitamins: Introduction, structure, rich sources daily requirements (of infants, adults, pregnant and
lactating women only). Functions and deficiency disorders of following vitamins.
Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E and K.
Water soluble vitamins: Vitamin C and Vitamin B complex – Vitamin B1 (thiamine), riboflavin, niacin,
pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, lipoic acid, biotin, folic acid and vitamin B12.
5hrs
Unit V Minerals (6 hr)
Introduction, source (rich source), daily requirnments (for infants, adults, pregnant and lactating women
only), function and deficiency disease of following minerals.
Macro elements: Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Cl.
Micro elements: Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se.
Part-II:Physiological Biochemistry
Unit I. Digestion and absorption (4 h.)
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Defects in digestion and absorption.
Generation of gastric HCl, gastric and bile juice - composition and function., Structure of villi, absorption
mechanism and importance of portal vein in nutrient transport.
Unit II. Biochemistry of Blood (6 h.)
Body fluids, intra and extracellular fluid components, Constituents of blood, types of cells, components of
plasma, types of plasma proteins and function. Mechanism of blood clotting (intrinsic and extrinsic
pathway) Clotting factors, anticoagulants, fibrinolysis, Types and function of hemoglobin, Sickle cell
anemia, thalassemia, polycythemia (in brief). Blood buffers.
Unit III. Biochemistry of respiration and renal function (7 h.)
Respiration- Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood, carbonic anhydrase, chloride shift, oxygen
dissociation curve and Bohr effect.
Renal function- Kidneys, location structure and importance. Structrue of nephrons, renal excretory
mechanism (glomerula filtration, tubular reabsorption and sectretion). composition of urine, regulation of
water and electrolyte balance.
Respiratory and renal regulation of pH- Role of kidney and lungs in in acid-base balance, acidosis and
alkolosis (in brief).
Unit IV. Biochemistry of Specialized tissues (9 h.)
Liver: Introduction, structure of lobule, functions of the lobule, Importance and mechanism of
detoxification in brief.
Muscle system- types of muscles, muscle celll-sarcomere, muscle proteins, organization of contractile
protein and mechanism of muscle contraction (Sliding filament theory). Sources of energy for muscle
contraction, Role of myoglobin and creatinine phosphate.
Nervous system – Introduction to nerve system, classification and nerve cell. Generalized structure of
neurons, mechanism of conduction of nerve impulse, membrane action potential, synaptic transmission,
excretory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Blood brain barrier and special sensory organs- skin, eye, ear, nose and tongue, visual cycle and sensory
receptors.
Osteology- Defination, Composition of Bone, structure of long bone, growth and remodeling of bone,
Role of calcium , phosphorus, vitamin D and hormones in bone metabolism. Collagen in bone formation.
Other factors affecting bone growth.
Unit VII. Endocrinology: (8 h.)
Introduction and classification of hormones on the basis of structure. Organizatrion of endocrine system.
Classification of hormones based on generalized mechanism of action - type I and type II. Membrane
receptors, intracellular receptors, secondary messengers and regulation of gene expression.
Brief study of the site of biosynthesis and major physiological functions and abnormalities of hormones
from hypthalamous, pitutory, adrenal cortex and medulla, pancrease, gonads, thyroid, parathyroid,
placenta, kidney and GIT.
BC Pracatical-04
Major experiments:
1.Estimation of amino acid by Sorenson’s forumal titration method
2. Estimation of calcium in milk using KMnO4 and oxalic acid crystals.
3. Estimation of ferrous ion titrometric method using potassium dichromate
4. Estimation of ferric ion by titrometric method using potassium dichromate.
5. Estimation of copper in biological sample gravimetrically.
6. Estimation of Zinc in biological sample gravimetrically.
7. Estimation of ascorbic acid in biological sample by colorimetric method.
8. Estimation of inorganic phosphorous in Biological sample by fiske-subbarao method.
9. Demonstration of the digestive, respiratory systems in murine models with illustrated diagram
10. Demonstration of excretory system and tissue sampling of spleen, thymus and pancrease.
Minor experiments:
1.Qualitative analysis of food adultrants in
a)oils and fats
b) milk, milk products and synthetic milk
c) beverages, spices and condiments
2. Isolation of blood cells and study of hemolysis.
3. Qualitative analysis of non-protein nitrogen (NPN).
Note: Practical proper: 20 Marks (Part A: 05 marks, Part B: 15 Marks), Record: 05 Marks,
Marks.
Viva: 05