World History Last Unit: The World Since 1945
Name: ________________________________________________ Date: __________ Mod: ________
1945 to the Present The Middle East Chapter 17 What I really need to know!
Begin reading on page 552 (2 nd column) The Creation of Israel
1.
The Jewish nationalist movement was called _________________. What did the Jewish people want ? 552
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2. After WWI, who had control over the area known as Palestine? What did Jewish leaders want after WWII ? 552
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What took place after Britain announced that it was giving up control of Palestine ? 553
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3. What took place after Israel declared it was an independent country ? 553
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Now move on to page 556 and continue reading about difficulties between Israel and its Arab neighbors
4 . Read the inside story --- It is describing and effort to bring a lasting peace to the Middle
East. A series of meetings will become known as the Camp David Accords. What 3 nations were involved? Who represented each nation ? 556
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How many different drafts of agreements were made before each side would agree? ____
How many days of negotiations were needed to work out this agreement? ____

5. What valuable resource is located in the Middle East? In what countries is this resource located? ___________, ______________, ______________, __________, ______________
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What is the function of OPEC? 557 ___________________________________________
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What does OPEC stand for? _________________________________________________
6. What is the Islamic fundamentalism movement? 557 ___________________________
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In what countries is this movement gaining strength? ____________________________
What methods are used by this movement to gain what they want? 557 ____________
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You should now be at the top of page 558 – The Arab-Israeli Conflict
The Arab-Israeli conflict that began in _____ has continued through the years. In _____ and again in _____, war erupted.
1. In the 1967 war, who decided to strike first? Describe the results of this action. 558
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2. What did Israel control after the SIX-DAY WAR? 558
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3. Describe the YOM KIPPUR WAR 558 ______________________________________________________
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4. What did OPEC do during this war? Describe the effects. 558 _________________________________
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5. What was the result of the CAMP DAVID ACCORDS? 558 ________________________
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6. Israel and Egypt have now made peace but that does not mean the trouble is over in this region. What was the mission of the Palestine Liberation Organization? 558 ____________
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Read this information from another source: (2 Questions follow)
In 1987, Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip began an uprising against Israel’s military rule of those territories. During this intifada (an Arabic term meaning uprising or shaking off), demonstrations occurred throughout the occupied territories. Entire towns refused to pay taxes to Israel. Palestinians quit their jobs with Israeli employers. Most demonstrations were peaceful, but a few became violent. The intifada grabbed international attention and triggered criticism of
Israel for its continuing control of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and for its extensive use of force in trying to control the Palestinians.
Peacemaking. In 1988, the PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist. It also declared its readiness to negotiate with Israel for peace in return for the creation of an independent Palestinian state. In addition, it declared it would no longer use violence against Israel. But some PLO members continued to attack Israeli targets.
In 1991, Israel and the PLO, aided by Norway, began secret peace talks. As a result, the PLO and Israel signed an agreement in Washington, D.C., in September 1993. Under the agreement, the PLO again stated its recognition of Israel’s right to exist. Israel, in turn, recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinians people. It also promised to withdraw from part or all of the
West Bank and Gaza Strip and to consider allowing the creation of a Palestinian state in those lands. In 1994, as a first step, Israel gave the PLO control of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank City of Jericho. In 1995 and 1996, Israel gave the Palestinians control of most cities and towns for the
West Bank.
In October 1998, Israel and the Palestinians signed another agreement. Under the accord,
Israel gave turned over more land in the West Bank to Palestinian control and it allowed a
Palestinian airport in the Gaza Strip to open.
The second intifada. Peace talks between Israeli and Palestinian leaders continued in 2000.
However, the two sides were unable to agree on key remaining issues, especially those involving the final status of Jerusalem. In September 2000, Palestinians began riots and demonstrations against Israeli security forces in Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank. This violence came to be known as the second Palestinian intifada. Israel responded to the intifada with police crackdowns and military attacks in Palestinian areas. Hundreds of Palestinian and Israelis have died in the violence.
7. What does the term intifada mean? ___________________________________________
8. In 1998, what did the PLO finally do? ___________________________________________
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You should now be at the second column on page 560: Iran-Iraq War
1.
Why did Iraq attack Iran? _________________________________________________________
During the war, which side used chemical weapons? _____________ Saddam Hussein will use chemical weapons these chemical weapons against people in his own country that supported
Iran. These people were the ____________________________________________________.
2. In 1990, Saddam Hussein accused what country of stealing his oil? ___________________ What did he do about it? ____________________________________________________________
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What was the response of the United States? ________________________________________
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3. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, why did the United States invade Iraq? Give 3 reasons.
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Read Article on United Nations
United Nations (UN) is an organization of nations that works for world peace and security and the betterment of humanity. Almost all of the world’s independent countries belong to the UN. Each member sends representatives to UN Headquarters in New York City, where they discuss and try to solve problems.
The United Nations has two main goals: peace and human dignity. If fighting between two or more countries breaks out anywhere, the UN may be asked to try to stop it. After the fighting stops, the UN may help work out ways to keep it from starting again. But the UN tries above all to deal with problems and disputes before they lead to fighting.
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The General Assembly is the only major organ of the United Nations in which all members are represented. Each member may send five delegates, five alternate delegates, and as many advisers as it wishes. However, each member nation has only one vote.
THE SECURITY COUNCIL
The UN Charter makes the security council responsible for keeping the peace. Until 1965, the Council had 11 members. Since then, it has had 15 members, of which 5 are permanent. The permanent members are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Russia’s seat on the
Council was held by the Soviet Union until 1991, when the Soviet Union broke apart. The 10 nonpermanent members of the Council are elected to two-year terms by the General Assembly. Each member of the Security Council has one delegate on the Council. Some nations have called for expanding the number of permanent Security Council members include such countries as German.