DUBLIN HIGH SCHOOL AP BIOLOGY
CH. 10 STUDY GUIDE: CELLULAR ENERGY - INTRODUCTION
AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KEY TERMS
autotroph
noncyclic photophosphorylation
heterotroph
thylakoid
photosynthetic autotroph
grana
photon
stroma
ground state
chemiosmosis
excited state
Calvin cycle
chlorophyll
RuBP(=RuDP)
light dependent reaction(=light reaction)
Leaf anatomy
light-independent reaction(=dark reaction)
Cuticle
photophosphorylation
Epidermis
photosynthetic unit
Mesophyll
reaction-center molecule
Spongy
absorption spectrum
Palisade
action spectrum
Stomata
Photosystem I
Guard cells
P700
Bundle sheath
cyclic photophosphorylation
C3 Photosynthesis
NADP
photorespiration
carbon fixation
Kranz anatomy
Photosystem II
C4 Photosynthesis
P680
PEP
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WORD ROOTS
auto - = self; - troph = food (autotroph: an organism that obtains organic food
molecules without eating other organisms)
chloro - = green; - phyll = leaf (chlorophyll: photosynthetic pigment in
chloroplasts)
electro - = electricity; magnet - = magnetic (electromagnetic spectrum: the entire
spectrum of radiation)
hetero - = other (heterotroph: an organism that obtains organic food molecules
by eating other organisms or their by-products)
meso - = middle (mesophyll: the green tissue in the middle, inside the leaf)
photo - = light (photosystem: cluster of pigment molecules)
QUESTIONS
1. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron gain or loss; gain or
loss of hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Write a summary equation for the reaction of photosynthesis.
3. Explain why almost all organisms depend upon photosynthesis to satisfy
their energy needs. Use the terms autotroph and heterotroph in your
explanation.
4. Describe the general organization of a photosynthetic unit.
5. Use diagrams to trace the flow of electrons during cyclic
photophosphorylation.
6. Use diagrams to trace the flow of electrons during noncyclic
photophosphorylation.
7. Using a diagram trace the flow of electrons from water through the various
electron carriers to NADP, indicate how a H+ ion concentration gradient is
established within the thylakoid. Indicate the enzyme complex that can
use the energy of the gradient to phosphorylate ADP. Diagram
chemiosmosis in a chloroplast.
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8. Explain how the products of the light reaction are used to reduce CO 2 in
the Calvin cycle to form PGAL and describe the fate of this PGAL.
9. Draw a chloroplast, label its parts and indicate where the various
photosynthetic reactions take place.
10. Compare and contrast the components and structures of photosystem I
and photosystem II.
11. How is a proton gradient established across the thylakoid membrane?
How does this result in the synthesis of ATP.
12. What features distinguish cyclic from noncyclic photophosphorylation?
13. What features of the chloroplast are especially important in enabling the
process of photosynthesis to proceed?
14. How are ATP and NADPH produced and utilized in photosynthesis?
15. Compare and contrast the pathways of carbon fixation in C3
photosynthesis and C4 photosynthesis.
16. Evolution often proceeds by "adding on" to whatever evolved formerly.
Use what you know about photosynthesis to support the suggestion that
Photosystem I evolved before Photosystem II.
17. Diagram a C3 and a C4 leaf.
18. What kinds of interactions exist between photosynthesis and respiration?
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