World War I
Causes of war
 Imperialism
o European countries and Japan took rule over areas in
Africa, Asia, and the pacific
o Lead to tensions between counties
 Militarism
o Aggressively building up armed forces to prepare for war
o Military had more power over government and foreign
policy
o Great powers- Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great
Britain, and Russia
 Nationalism
o Acting in ones own national interest
 Ex. Alsace-Loraine
o Ethnically diverse nations
 Alliances
o Germany and Austria- Hungary( linked by treaty)
o Russia and France( linked by treaty)
o Great Britain and France –Entente
 Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated on June 28, 1914
o Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia was behind
assassination
 Austrian-Hungary Declared war on Serbia July 28,
1914
War Begins
 Mobilization- Readying of troops
 Aug. 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia because they
refuse to stop mobilization
 Schlieffen plan- Germany would take out France first and then
move east to Russia
o Germany had to go through Belgium
 Caused Great Britain to join the war on Aug 4, 1914
Central Powers
 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire(late 1914)
 Bulgaria(Oct 1915)
Allies
 Russia
 France
 Serbia
 Great Britain
 Italy(spring 1915)
 Romania(1916)
 United States(1917)
Stalemate- neither side had an advantage
 Trench warfare- Digging trenches and fighting in “no man’s
land”, area between trenches. Neither side gained more than a
few miles at a time
 New machines- machine guns, rapid-fire artillery, hand
grenades and poison gases
o Led to large death toll
 Ex. British suffered 20,000 deaths in one day at
Somme
o Loss of morale
America
 Many Americans felt personally involved
 More than 1/3rd of US population were immigrants
 1/4th of immigrants were from Germany so most sided with the
Central powers
 Most Americans sided with the Allies
o Ancestry traced to Britain
o Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was an autocrat-ruler with
unlimited power
o Propaganda- information intended to sway public
opinion
 America stayed neutral to protect investments with European
countries on both sides
World War I
Causes of war
 ________________
o European countries and Japan took rule over areas in Africa, Asia,
and the pacific
o Lead to tensions between counties
 _______________
o Aggressively building up armed forces to prepare for war
o Military had more power over government and foreign policy
o Great powers- Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain,
and Russia
 ________________
o Acting in ones own national interest
 Ex. Alsace-Loraine
o Ethnically diverse nations
 Alliances
o Germany and Austria- Hungary( linked by treaty)
o Russia and France( linked by treaty)
o Great Britain and France –Entente
 Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated on June 28, 1914
o Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia was behind assassination
 Austrian-Hungary ___________________ on Serbia July
28, 1914
War Begins
 Mobilization- __________________________
 Aug. 1, 1914 _______________________________________ because
they refuse to stop mobilization
 Schlieffen plan- Germany would take out France first and then move
east to Russia
o Germany had to go through Belgium
 Caused Great Britain to join the war on Aug 4, 1914
Central Powers
 _____________________
 _____________________
 Ottoman Empire(late 1914)
 Bulgaria(Oct 1915)
Allies
 _________________________
 _________________________
 Serbia
 _________________________
 Italy(spring 1915)
 Romania(1916)
 _________________________(1917)
Stalemate- ___________________________
 ______________________________- Digging trenches and fighting in
“no man’s land”, area between trenches. Neither side gained more than
a few miles at a time
 New machines- machine guns, rapid-fire artillery, hand grenades and
poison gases
o Led to large death toll
 Ex. British suffered 20,000 deaths in one day at Somme
o Loss of morale
America
 Many Americans felt personally involved
 More than 1/3rd of US population were immigrants
 1/4th of immigrants were from Germany so most sided with the Central
powers
 Most Americans sided with the Allies
o Ancestry traced to Britain
o Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was an autocrat______________________________________
o Propaganda- ____________________________________
 America stayed neutral to protect investments with European countries
on both sides
WWI- America on the home front
 Liberty bonds-special bonds sold by the government to
help the allied forces
o Americans bought bonds that they could later
redeem for the original amount plus interest
o Raised more than 20 billion dollars (paid about ¼
war cost and still loan 10 billion to allies)
o Boy scouts and girl scouts set up booths to sell war
bonds
o Artists made colorful posters
o Famous actors lead rallies to buy bonds
o 75,000 men gave 4 minute speeches before movies,
plays and school or union meetings to sell bonds
 Switched from producing commercial goods to war
goods
o Wilson set up a bureaucracy to manage production
 New agencies
o War industries board- oversaw war related
production
o War trade board-licensed foreign trade
o War labor board- settles any labor disputes that
might disrupt war effort
o War labor policies board- set standards for wages,
hours, and working conditions
 Labor unions won limited rights to organize and
bargain collectively
 Lever Food and Fuel Control Act- gave power to manage
production and distribution of food and fuels
o Government managed how much food and fuel was
bought by citizens
o Price controls-system of pricing determined by the
government
o Rationing- distributing goods to customers in fixed
amounts
 Fuel administration- sponsored gasless days
 Began practice of daylight savings time- clocks ahead
one hour during summer to get more sunlight for farmers
 News and information was under government control
o Short films, pamphlets, and poster advertisementexplained war aims, and recruited
o Feared that foreigners were working for other
governments and would sabotage war effort
 Lead to restrictions on immigration- must pass
literacy test
o Hatred toward Germans(Huns) emerged
 High schools stopped teaching German, books
by German authors were banned, composers
and musicians were banned from symphony
concerts
 Espionage act- illegal to interfere with the draft
 Sedition- speech or action that encourages rebellion
(sedition act)
o More than 1500 prosecutions and more than 1000
convictions
Social Changes
 Flow of European immigrants nearly stopped
 People worked higher paying jobs
 Minorities were less discriminated against
 500,000 African Americans moved to the northern cities
to work in factories (Great Migration)
 More women in the work force (telegraph messengers,
elevator operators, letter carriers etc)
WWI- America on the home front
 ____________________________________-special bonds sold by the
government to help the allied forces
o Americans bought bonds that they could later redeem for the
original amount plus interest
o Raised more than ____________________ (paid about ¼ war
cost and still loan 10 billion to allies)
o _____________________________ set up booths to sell war
bonds
o Artists made colorful posters
o Famous actors lead rallies to buy bonds
o 75,000 men gave 4 minute speeches before movies, plays and
school or union meetings to sell bonds
 Switched from producing ___________________________________
o Wilson set up a bureaucracy to manage production
 New agencies
o ______________________________- oversaw war related
production
o War trade board-______________________
o _____________________________- settles any labor disputes
that might disrupt war effort
o War labor policies board- set standards for __________________
_________________________________________
 Labor unions won limited rights to organize and bargain
collectively
 Lever Food and Fuel Control Act- gave power to manage ___________
___________________________________of food and fuels
o Government managed how much food and fuel was bought by
citizens
o Price controls-________________________________________
o ___________________- distributing goods to customers in fixed
amounts
 Fuel administration- sponsored gasless days
 Began practice of daylight savings time- clocks ahead one hour during
summer to get more sunlight for farmers
 News and information was under government control
o Short films, pamphlets, and poster advertisement- explained war
aims, and recruited
o Feared that foreigners were working for other governments and
would sabotage war effort
 Lead to restrictions on immigration- must pass literacy test
o Hatred toward Germans(Huns) emerged
 High schools stopped teaching German, books by German
authors were banned, composers and musicians were
banned from symphony concerts
 Espionage act- _____________________________________________
 Sedition- ____________________________ that encourages rebellion
(sedition act)
o More than 1500 prosecutions and more than 1000 convictions
Social Changes
 Flow of European immigrants nearly stopped
 People worked ____________________________________
 Minorities were less discriminated against
 500,000 African Americans moved to the northern cities to work in
factories (_______________________________)
 More ____________________ in the work force (telegraph
messengers, elevator operators, letter carriers etc)