Ancient Greece Study Guide Review
Geography of Ancient Greece
archipelago
 A(n)___________________
is a chain of islands.
 A ________________
is surrounded by land on three
peninsula


sides.
Two reasons why mountains had a negative impact on
the people of Greece:Travel was difficult; bad for farming
The sea was useful to ancient Greeks for two reasons:
-Provided fish
-allowed for trade
-Expert sea travelers/navy
 Farmers grew many crops…the most important was the
olive
____________.
Uses of Olives:
 Religious ceremonies
 trade
 Food/olive oil
Misuse of Timber:
What did the Greeks use timber for? Building and ships
Eventually, what happened to all the timber? Ran out
Early Greeks: Minoans vs. Mycenaeans
Label each statement as Minoan Mycenaean:

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
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From Crete Minoan
Warlike culture Mycenaean
Created artwork (paintings and pottery) Minoan
Lived in the mountains Mycenaean
Myths such as Illiad and Odyssey Mycenaean
King Minos and the Minotaur Minoan
Fertile soil Minoan
Trojan War Mycenaean
Palace at Knossos Minoan
Made bronze weapons
Mycenaean
Four Types of Government:
Oligarchy
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Tyranny
Monarchy Democracy
Democracy
Government run by the people.
Government run by a small group, usually
wealthy men. Oligarchy
Government run by king or queen. Monarchy
Government run by one leader who took
power from others, and takes advantage of
the people in order to maintain power. Tyranny
Athens:
Type of Government
Democracy
 What was the difference between a male citizen and a
male metic?
Citizen can vote and participate in government.
Metic can influence others, but can’t participate in government.
 Describe a woman’s role in Athens:

Take care of home and kids; can’t participate in gov’t
or go out alone
How is the democracy of Athens different from our own
government (at least two reasons)?
Athens is a direct democracy with no leader. Citizens vote
on every issue. US has a leader, and representatives that
are elected to vote on most issues.
 How did education differ between Athens and Sparta?
Athens taught reading, writing, history, etc. Sparta
focused on physical strength.
Sparta:
 Role of Men:
Train for military, be a strong warrior for Sparta
 One difference between a woman’s role in
Athens and Sparta:
Spartan women can go out alone. Athenian women need a
male to escort them. Spartan women train to be strong.
Athenian women take care of the kids and home.
 One word to describe Sparta:
Warlike; powerful
____________
Religion:
Zeus
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Athena
Hades
Apollo
Hermes
Aphrodite
Poseidon
Messenger God Hermes
God of the Underworld Hades
Goddess of Wisdom Athena
Goddess of Love and Beauty
God of the Sea Poseidon
Supreme Ruler Zeus
Sun God Apollo
Aphrodite
Religion, con’t
 The Parthenon was dedicated to




Athena
__________.
Oracles were priestesses who spoke for the
Gods. The most famous was the Oracle at
Delphi
____________.
The boundary between earth and the
River of Styx
underworld was the ____________________.
Wine
Greeks poured __________
over the altars in
their homes when they worshipped.
Ancient Greeks were buried with treasures
outside the city walls
_____________________________.
Myths
 Taught lessons about:
nature
 behavior
Narcissus and Echo (Identify examples from the story):
Lesson about nature: Where echoes and Narcissus flowers
Lesson about behavior: come from
Don’t be too prideful (don’t love
yourself TOO much!!
Trojan War
Helen
 Cause: Aphrodite promised _________
to
Paris
_____________
 War lasted about _________
years.
ten
 ___________
thought to build the Trojan
Odysseus
Horse.
 Some historians think the Trojan Horse
battering ram or earthquake
might have been a ___________________.
Persian Wars:
Battle at Marathon: Greeksoutnumbered
_________ but win
because they had a _________
better strategy.
 The Greeks lose battle of Thermopylae because
A Greek traitor helps the Persians.
____________________________.
 The Greeks let the Persians burn and destroy
Athens
_____________
because they prefer to fight at
sea
________.
defeat
 The Greeks eventually ________
the ersians and
Delian League
form the __________________.

The Delian League:
 Why was the Delian League a good idea?
It joined many city-states together. They are
stronger together than on their own.
 How did the Delian League lead to the
Peloponnesian Wars?
Athens began to act very powerful towards the
other city-states in the DL, and Sparta feared that
power.
Peloponnesian Wars
 _________________
vs. ________________
Sparta
Athens
Peloponnesian League
 Sparta forms the ______________________.
attacks
 Athens ________________
cities that want to
leave the Delian League.
 The leader of Athens during this war is
Pericles
____________. He knows that the best chance of
sea
winning is to fight at __________.
 Athens becomes weak after suffering from the
______________.
plague
Nobody
 _______________
really wins this war.