Name_____________________________________Period____Date_______________________
Test Review: DNA Structure, Replication & Cell cycle/mitosis
DNA structure & replication
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. DNA is what type of macromolecule?
3. The building blocks (monomers) of DNA are called what, draw one and label all the parts?
4. Describe the “double helix” shape of a DNA molecule (what does it look like?) Who discovered this
shape?
5. Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? In prokaryotic cells
6. What is the sugar found in DNA?
7. What makes up the “backbone” of a DNA molecule?
8. What are the rungs of the DNA molecule?
9. What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?
10. What base pairs match up in DNA?
11. What type of bond is found between the nitrogen bases? Explain the purpose of why it is a weak bond.
12. Write the complimentary DNA strand to:
TACCGAATACCTAGC
13. List the two purines, and describe the shape of a purine?
14. List the two pyrimidines, and describe the shape of a pyrimidine?
15. Will the amount of adenine be equal to the amount of thymine in a DNA molecule? Why or why not?
16. Will the amount of thymine be equal to the amount of cytosine in a DNA molecule? Why or why not?
17. What is DNA replication?
18. DNA replicates in what we call a semi-conservative model, describe what that means?
19. What enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold together the base pairs during
replication? (also called “unzipping” the DNA strand)
20. What enzyme is responsible for proofreading the daughter DNA stand to ensure that the correct base
pairs are matched up correctly? (or zipping up the daughter strands)
Cell Cycle & Mitosis including cancer and stem cells
1. What are the reasons why cells are so small?
2. Describe the relationship between surface area and volume.
3. Be able to label the cell cycle describe what happen in each phase.
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What happens during interphase? __________________________________________________
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What happens during prophase? ___________________________________________________
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What happens during metaphase? __________________________________________________
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What happens during anaphase? ___________________________________________________
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What happens during telophase? ___________________________________________________
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What happens during cytokinesis? __________________________________________________
4. Define/draw the terms chromosomes, chromatids, centromere, and centrioles.
5. Sister chromatids attach at the _________________.
6. Be able to identify the phases of photos of mitosis.
7. Which types of cells divide in the cell cycle & mitosis?
8. Is mitosis sexual or asexual? Explain your answer:
9. How does the number of chromosomes in two new cells compare with number in the original cell at the end
of mitosis?
10. During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having 8 chromosomes will produce two daughter cells,
each containing how many chromosomes?______
11. How do plant cells and animals cells differ in mitosis? (Hint: think of telophase- cleavage furrow/ cell plate)
12. Where are checkpoints in the cycle? What is result if cell “fails” at a checkpoint?
13. Describe what is different about cancer cells and normal cells.
14. What is the environmental agent/molecule that can cause cancer called?
15. Define the terms:
diploid –
somatic –
stem cell-
differentiation-
chromatid-
sister chromatidsmalignant tumor –
benign tumor-