303 W Lancaster Avenue
Wayne PA 19087
Phone: 610.995.9600
Fax: 610.995.9611
www.tourismeconomics.com
Tourism Decision Metrics – Glossary of Indicators and Market
Coverage
About TDM
Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) is the most comprehensive dataset of its kind, allowing clients
to quickly analyze market trends and the outlook for travel and the economy around the world.
The user-friendly web interface provides access to detailed information for over 180 countries.
With over twenty years of historical data and forecasts based on the tested Oxford Economics
global macroeconomic model, TDM users can conduct extensive global market analysis in
minutes, complete with tables, charts, and maps. TDM provides over 40,000 indicators of travel,
demographics, and economics—all forecast 10 years into the future based on the only global
econometric model of world travel.
Historical Data Sources
Historical macroeconomic data is generally sourced from national statistical offices or central
banks (NSO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, or the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In some instances, data reported in TDM is
the result of a calculation on source data by Oxford Economics or Tourism Economics, e.g.
capital flight (the difference in the change of a country’s foreign exchange reserves and foreign
direct investment).
The primary source for travel and tourism indicators is the United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO) which in turn sources its data from National Tourism Offices (NTO) and is
supplemented with data from regional tourism associations (e.g., European Travel Commission,
Pacific Asia Travel Association, and Caribbean Tourism Organisation), NTOs and data provided by
TDM clients. Where gaps in the historic data exist, Tourism Economics uses interpolation to
estimate missing data where possible. In addition, Tourism Economics uses UNWTO, NTO,
regional, and client data for the current year-to-date to inform the current year forecast.
Source Abbreviations
IMF – International Monetary Fund
NSO – National Statistical Office or Central Bank
OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
UNWTO – United Nations World Tourism Organization
NTO – National Tourism Office
Other – Regional tourism association or TDM client
TDM Indicators
303 W Lancaster Avenue
Wayne PA 19087
Phone: 610.995.9600
Fax: 610.995.9611
www.tourismeconomics.com
Economic Drivers
Indicator
Historical Source
Forecast Source
IMF
Oxford Economics
NSO
Oxford Economics
NSO
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Earnings, average
Oxford Economics
calculation
Oxford Economics
calculation
World Bank, Oxford
Economics
World Bank, Oxford
Economics
NSO
Foreign direct investment
IMF
Oxford Economics
NSO
Oxford Economics
GDP, nominal
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in
constant prices
GDP in current prices
NSO
Oxford Economics
GDP, constant prices and exchange
rates
GDP, nominal, per capita
GDP in constant US dollar prices using
market exchange rate
GDP per person in current prices
Oxford Economics
GDP, US$ prices & PPP exchange rate,
real
GDP, US$ prices & PPP exchange rate,
real, per capita
GDP, US$ prices & PPP exchange rate,
real, nominal
Investment, total fixed investment,
real
Investment, total fixed investment,
nominal
Investment, total fixed investment,
constant prices & exchange rate
GDP in constant US dollar prices using
Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate
As above, per person
Oxford Economics
calculation
Oxford Economics
calculation
Oxford Economics
calculation
Oxford Economics
calculation
Oxford Economics
calculation
NSO
NSO
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
calculation
Oxford Economics
National savings
NSO, IMF, World Bank
Oxford Economics
Oil production
OECD IEA
Oxford Economics
NSO
Oxford Economics
Current account of balance of
payments
Consumption, private, real
Description
Amount spent on consumption of the
private sector (i.e. individuals/
consumers)
Consumption, private, nominal
Capital flight, net
Change in a country's foreign exchange
resrves less foreign direct investment
Company profits
Interest payments on external debt
Debt service requirement
GDP, real
Income, personal disposable, nominal
GDP in current US dollar prices using
Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate
Total fixed investment in constant
prices
Total fixed investment in current prices
Total fixed investment in constant US
dollar prices using market exchange
rate
Personal income after taxes
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
303 W Lancaster Avenue
Wayne PA 19087
Phone: 610.995.9600
Fax: 610.995.9611
www.tourismeconomics.com
Economic Drivers
Indicator
Description
Historical Source
Forecast Source
Savings, personal sector ratio
NSO
Oxford Economics
Exports, goods & services, real
% of personal disposable income saved
(i.e. not spent or consumed)
Exports in constant prices
NSO
Oxford Economics
Exports, goods & services, nominal
Exports in current prices
NSO
Oxford Economics
Exports, goods, nominal
Exports in current prices
NSO
Oxford Economics
Exports, services, nominal
Exports in current prices
NSO
Oxford Economics
Prices
Indicator
Description
Historical Source
Forecast Source
Interest rate, lending
"Prime" lending rate
IMF
Oxford Economics
IMF
Oxford Economics
Interest rate, 10-year government
bonds
Interest rate, short-term
3-month (government) bond rate
IMF
Oxford Economics
Exchange rate, period average
Exchange rate averaged over the year
IMF
Oxford Economics
Exchange rate, end of period
Exchange rate at the end of the year
IMF
Oxford Economics
Exchange rate, PPP
Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate
IMF
Oxford Economics
NSO
Oxford Economics
Consumer price index
Demographics
Indicator
Historical Source
Forecast Source
Employment, total, annual
Description
NSO
Oxford Economics
Labour supply
NSO
Oxford Economics
Population, total
NSO
Oxford Economics
Population, 0-14
NSO
Oxford Economics
Population, 65+
NSO
Oxford Economics
Population of working age
NSO
Oxford Economics
Unemployment rate
NSO
Oxford Economics
303 W Lancaster Avenue
Wayne PA 19087
Phone: 610.995.9600
Fax: 610.995.9611
www.tourismeconomics.com
Travel Spending
Indicator
Description
Historical Source
Forecast Source
Inbound transportation, total
Spending by foreign residents on
transportation services within the
country (imports)
IMF
Tourism Economics
Spending by residents on foreign
transportation services (exports)
IMF
Tourism Economics
Spending by foreign residents on travel
within country (imports)
IMF
Tourism Economics
Spending by residents on travel in
foreign countries (exports)
IMF
Tourism Economics
Spending by residents on travel within
the country
Calculated by
Tourism Economics
based on data from
NSO
Tourism Economics
Inbound transportation, air
Inbound transportation, sea
Inbound transportation, other
Outbound transportation, total
Outbound transportation, air
Outbound transportation, sea
Outbound transportation, other
Inbound travel, total
Inbound travel, business
Inbound travel, leisure
Outbound travel, total
Outbound travel, business
Outbound travel, leisure
Domestic travel, total
Domestic travel, business
Domestic travel, leisure
Industry Performance
Indicator
Description
Historical Source
Forecast Source
Number of rooms
Number of guest accommodation
rooms
Number of guest accommodation
establishments
UNWTO
Tourism Economics
UNWTO
Tourism Economics
Occupancy rate
UNWTO
Tourism Economics
Average length of stay
UNWTO
Tourism Economics
Number of bed-places
303 W Lancaster Avenue
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Phone: 610.995.9600
Fax: 610.995.9611
www.tourismeconomics.com
International Visits
Indicator
Description
Historical Source
Forecast Source
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Total overnight visits
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Total day visits
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Total cruise visits
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Arrivals by air
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Arrivals by rail
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Arrivals by road
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Arrivals by sea
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Personal
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Business
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Other
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Non-resident overnight stays in all types of accommodation establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Non-resident overnight stays in hotels and similar establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Non-resident guests in hotels and similar establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Average length of stay of non-resident tourists in all accommodation
establishments
Resident overnight stays in all types of accommodation establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Resident overnight stays in hotels and similar establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Resident guests in hotels and similar establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Average length of stay of resident tourists in all accommodation establishments
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Total departures
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism Economics
Total visits (including day trips)
Arrivals by Mode of Transportation
Arrivals by purpose of trip
Bilateral International Flows (Origin Destination Metrics)
Visits (to destination)
Nights (in destination)
Arrivals of foreign visitors by country of
origin
Nights spent by foreign visitors by
country of origin
UNWTO/NTO/other
UNWTO/NTO/other
Tourism
Economics
Tourism
Economics
303 W Lancaster Avenue
Wayne PA 19087
Phone: 610.995.9600
Fax: 610.995.9611
www.tourismeconomics.com
TDM Market Coverage
Europe
Western Europe
Emerging Europe
Austria
Albania
Belgium
Armenia
Denmark
Azerbaijan
Finland
Belarus
France
Bosnia-Herzogovina
Germany
Bulgaria
Greece
Croatia
Iceland
Cyprus
Ireland
Czech Republic
Italy
Estonia
Luxembourg
Georgia
Netherlands
Hungary
Norway
Kazakhstan
Portugal
Kyrgyzstan
Spain
Latvia
Sweden
Lithuania
Switzerland
FYR Macedonia
United Kingdom
Malta
Moldova
Montenegro
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Tajikistan
Turkey
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
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Americas
North America
Caribbean
USA
Anguilla
Canada
Antigua and Barbuda
Mexico
Aruba
Central America
Bahamas
Belize
Barbados
Costa Rica
Bermuda
El Salvador
Cayman Islands
Guatemala
Cuba
Honduras
Dominica
Nicaragua
Dominican Republic
Panama
Grenada
South America
Guadeloupe
Argentina
Haiti
Bolivia
Jamaica
Brazil
Martinique
Chile
Netherlands Antilles
Colombia
Puerto Rico
Ecuador
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Guyana
Saint Lucia
Paraguay
St Vincent & Grenadines
Peru
Trinidad and Tobago
Suriname
Turks and Caicos Islands
Uruguay
Virgin Islands, British
Venezuela
Virgin Islands, US
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Asia
South Asia
Northeast Asia
Bangladesh
China
India
Hong Kong, SAR
Maldives
Japan
Nepal
Korea, Republic of
Pakistan
Macao, SAR
Sri Lanka
Mongolia
Southeast Asia
Taiwan
Brunei Darussalam
Oceania
Cambodia
Australia
Indonesia
Christmas Islands
Laos
Cook Islands
Malaysia
Fiji
Myanmar
Kiribati
Papua New Guinea
New Zealand
Philippines
Solomon Islands
Singapore
Tonga
Thailand
Vanuatu
Viet Nam
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Middle East & Africa
Middle East
Sub-Saharan Africa
Abu Dhabi
Angola
Malawi
Bahrain
Benin
Mali
Dubai
Botswana
Mauritania
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Burkina Faso
Mauritius
Iraq
Burundi
Mozambique
Israel
Cameroon
Namibia
Jordan
Cape Verde
Niger
Kuwait
Central African Republic
Nigeria
Lebanon
Chad
Reunion
Oman
Comoros
Rwanda
Qatar
Congo
Sao Tome & Principe
Saudi Arabia
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Senegal
Syrian Arab Republic
Côte d'Ivoire
Seychelles
United Arab Emirates
Djibouti
Sierra Leone
Yemen
Eritrea
Somalia
Ethiopia
South Africa
Gabon
Sudan
North Africa
Gambia
Swaziland
Algeria
Ghana
Tanzania
Egypt
Kenya
Togo
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Lesotho
Uganda
Morocco
Liberia
Zambia
Tunisia
Madagascar
Zimbabwe