THE EYE
The eyes are our main sense organs giving us the power to
identify shapes and colours.
Light enters the eye through the pupil and transparent cornea. It passes through the
lens and is focused onto the light-sensitive retina where it stimulates receptors.
Professionals:
optometrist
ophthalmologist
optician
Specialist in optometry (examination of the eyes and related structures
to determine the presence of vision problems and eye disorders, and
with the prescription and adaptation of lenses and other optical aids or
the use of visual training for maximum visual efficiency.)
Specialist in ophthalmology (Relating to the eye, vision, or optics)
One who practices opticianry, (practice of filling prescriptions for
ophthalmic lenses, dispensing spectacles, and making and fitting
contact lenses.)
Root
Ophthalm
Combining form
Ophthalm/o
Meaning
Eye
Ocul
Ocul/o, -ocular
Eye
Opt
Opt/o
Sight
Activity 1
Build words which mean:
1.
an instrument to view the eye ___________________________________________
2.
a medically qualified person who specialises in the study of the eye ______________
Activity 2
Write the meaning of
Ophthalmogyric
________________________________________________________
Ophthalmoneuritis ________________________________________________________
Monocular
________________________________________________________
Binocular
________________________________________________________
Optometer
________________________________________________________
Optometry
________________________________________________________
Optometrist
________________________________________________________
THE EYE
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Activity 3 build words which mean
1.Condition of paralysis of the eyelid ……………………………………………………
2.Spasm of the eyelid …………………………………………………………………..
Root
Blephar
Combining form
Blephar/o
Meaning
Eyelid
Sclera
Scler/o
Hard
Kerat
Kerat/o
Cornea / horny / epidermis
Ir
Ir/o, irid/o
iris (coloured band regulating amount of light entering the eye)
Cycl
Cycl/o
Ciliary body
Activity 4
Write the meaning of
1.
Sclerotomy
____________________________________________________
2.
Keratotome
____________________________________________________
3.
Keratoplasty ____________________________________________________
The eyeball contains a large cavity divided into 2 small ones:
1. the anterior and
2. the posterior cavity.
They are separated from each other by the lens. The anterior cavity is divided into a
further two parts by the iris. These are filled with a watery fluid called the aqueous
humor. The second and larger posterior cavity is the posterior cavity. It lies between
the lens and the retina and contains a jelly-like substance called the vitreous humor.
The humors give the eye its structure and maintain intraocular pressure.
Root /
Prefix /
Suffix
Goni
Combining
form
Meaning
Goni/o
Peripheral angle of the anterior chamber
Pupill
Pupill/o
Pupil
Cor
Cor/o, core/o
Choroid
Choroid/o
Retin
Retin/o
Pupil
Middle pigmented vascular coat of the posterior five-sixths of
the eyeball
Light sensitive area of the eye
Papill
Papill/o
Nipple shaped
THE EYE
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Phak
Lacrim
Phac/o, phak/o Lens of the eye
Scot/o,
Blindspots in vision
scotoma
Lacrim/o
Tear
Dacry
Dacry/o
Scot
Tear or lacrimal apparatus
Aniso-
Unequal / unlike / dissimilar
Aqua-
Water
Cili
Cili/o
Cilia (eyelash)
Corne
Corne/o
Cornea (transparent circular anterior part of the eyeball
Cor
Cor/o core/o
Pupil
Cyst
Dipl
Cyst/o
Dacry/o
Dacryocyst/o
Dipl/o
Bladder
Tear / lacrimal apparatus
Tear sac / lacrimal sac
Double
Lacrim
Lacrim/o
Tear, tear ducts / lacrimal apparatus
Dacry
-Opia
Vitre
Condition of vision / defective vision
Vitre/o
Iso-
Glass
Like / similar
Activity 5
Build words which mean
1.
Instrument to measure the angle of the anterior chamber _________________
2.
Hardening of the lens
3.
Condition of softening of a lens ______________________________________
__________________________________________
The eyeball can be divided into three layers; the sclera, iris, and the retina. The sclera is
the outer layer of the eyeball. It is the white of the eye, a tough, outer layer of tissue
that covers the entire eyeball except the cornea.
The cornea is a transparent, protective coat that covers the iris (the coloured part of the
eye).
The iris is the coloured part of the eye. It is made of muscle forming a doughnut shape.
The black hole in the middle is the pupil. The iris regulates the amount of light that
enters the eyeball by contract and relaxing thereby decreasing or increasing the size of
the pupil.
THE EYE
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Activity 6
Write the meaning of
1.
Scleroiridotomy __________________________________________________
2.
Keratoiritis
____________________________________________________
3.
Iridocyclitis
____________________________________________________
The choroid layer is a thin, brown membrane that line list of the internal surface of the
sclera. It absorbs light so the rays are not reflected back out of the eyeball.
The retina is the inner layer of the eye and functions to form images, to see colours,
shade and movement.
The eye is cleansed and lubricated by the lacrimal apparatus. The lacrimal fluid washes
over the eyeball and is drained into the lacrimal sac and enters the nose via the
nasolacrimal duct.
Activity 7
Write the meaning of
1.
.Retinoblastoma __________________________________________________
2.
Aphakia
__________________________________________________
3.
Scotometer
__________________________________________________
4.
Scotophobia
__________________________________________________
5.
Dacryocyst
__________________________________________________
A common disorder of the lens is the development of a cataract that is opacity of the
lens or lens capsule.
Activity 8
Build words which mean
1.
Disease of the retina ______________________________________________
2.
Hardening of a lens _______________________________________________
Abbreviations
A, Acc
IOFB
IOP
OD
OS
PERRLA
VF
EOM
THE EYE
accommodation
intra-ocular foreign body
intraocular pressure
oculus dexter
oculus sinister
pupils equal, round, regular, react to light and accommodation
visual field
extraocular muscles
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Conditions and Terms:
Ey
e
Astigmatism
Defect of vision where image is distorted
Cataract
Opacity in the lens of the eye
inflammation of the layer between the retina and the sclera of the
eyeball
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
Is where light falls directly on to the retina in its correct position, with no
errors. Thus this word refers to normal/ideal vision.
Inward turning in of the eyelid toward the eyeballs
Choroiditis
Conjunctivitis
Emmetropia
Entropion
Glaucoma
Keratitis
Abnormal pressure of the fluid in the eye
Is used to describe long-sightedness in which light rays are focused
beyond the retina.
Inflammation of the corner
Myopia
Refers to shortsightedness.
Nystagmus
Retinopathy
Involuntary movement of the eye
Pertaining to the study and treatment of muscle imbalances of the eye
(squints).
Disease of the retina
Strabismus
Squint
Stye
Acute inflammation of the gland at the base of the eyelash
Trichiasis
Eyelashes rub against the cornea
Xerophahalmia
Condition of having dry eyes
Hypermetropia
Orthoptics
THE EYE
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The
Eye
E
y
e
Conjunctiva
Ciliary body
Section through eye
THE EYE
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