DUBLIN HIGH SCHOOL AP BIOLOGY
CH. 9 STUDY GUIDE: GLYCOLYSIS, FERMENTATION
AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
KEY TERMS
cellular respiration
mitochondrion
overall formula
cristae
energy release
matrix
oxidation reaction
intermembrane space
exergonic reaction
inner compartment
aerobic respiration
outer compartment
ATP
Krebs cycle (=citric acid cycle)
ADP
electron transport system
ATP-ADP cycle
cytochromes
chemiosmosis
oxidative phosphorylation
ATPases
cytochrome system
high energy phosphate bond
products of ETS
phosphorylation
FAD
hydrogen/electron acceptors
terminal hydrogen/electron acceptor
NAD
chemiosmotic hypothesis
FAD
chemiosmotic gradient
oxygen
fermentation
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
glycolysis
alcoholic fermentation
pyruvic acid
ethyl alcohol(=ethanol)
pyruvic acid oxidation
lactic acid fermentation
acetyl-Co-A
lactic acid
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WORD ROOTS
aero - = air (aerobic: chemical reaction using oxygen)
an - = not (anaerobic: chemical reaction not using oxygen)
chemi - = chemical (chemiosmosis: the production of ATP using the enrgy of
hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to phophorylate ADP)
glyco - = sweet; - lysis = split (glycolysis: the splitting of glucose into pyruvate)
QUESTIONS
1. What is catabolism? Anabolism? Is cellular respiration anabolic or
catabolic?
2. Write the overall formula for aerobic respiration and alcohol fermentation.
3. Summarize the steps in aerobic respiration; listing products and reactants
for each stage and telling where in the cell each stage occurs.
4. Summarize the production of ATP for each of the three stages in aerobic
respiration.
5. Explain the role of electron-carrier molecules such as NADP.
6. Explain how the production of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs
according to the chemiosmotic hypothesis. Use a diagram of a
mitochondrion in your explanation.
7. Explain the process of fermentation.
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8. Diagram a mitochondrion, show where the Krebs cycle and ETS are
found.
9. Outline Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis.
10. What arguments would you use to justify calling the mitochondria the
"powerhouse" of the cell?
11. What is the specific role of oxygen in an aerobic cell?
12. When and where does anaerobic respiration occur in humans? What is
the end product of this anaerobic respiration?
Sample Essay Questions
1. Describe the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of
aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Include in your
discussion the major reactions, the end products and energy transfers. (1982 AP
Exam question)
2. Explain how the molecular reactions of cellular respiration transform the
chemical bond energy of krebs cycle substrates into the more readily available
bond energy of ATP. Include in your discussion the structure of the
mitochondrion and show how it is important to the reactions of the Krebs cycle
and the electron transport chain. (1977 AP Exam question)
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