◆TRANSCRIPTS
Unit one
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions: You will hear the years of birth of ten important scientists of the past1,000 years.
Listen carefully and write down the numbers in the blanks as rapidly as you can.
1. Johannes Gutenberg, who invented the type mould and the first successful system of movable
type used in Europe, lived in Germany from about 1395 until about 1468.
2. Nicolaus Copernicus, founder of the modern science of astronomy, was born in Poland in 1473.
3. William Harvey, who discovered how blood moves in animals and people, was born in England
in 1578.
4. William Harvey, who discovered how blood moves in animals and people, was born in
England in 1578.
5. Isaac Newton, inventor of calculus, was born in England in 1642.
6. Charles Darwin, author of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, was born in
England in 1809.
7. Louis Pasteur, who discovered that heat could kill harmful microorganisms, was born in 1822 in
France.
8. Thomas Edison, whose work made possible the progress of technology in the 20th century, was
born in the United States in 1847.
9. Sigmund Freud, who changed scientific ideas about the mind, was born in 1856 in Austria.
10. Albert Einstein, the great scientist who changed the way we understand the universe, was born
in Germany in 1879.
Task 2
Directions : You will hear a passage about Bill Gates. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the numbers you hear on the tape.
Bill Gates
Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 in United States. A 1968 photo shows Bill as a rapt
young teenager, watching his friend Paul Allen type at a computer terminal . Allen became a
co-founder of Microsoft. As a child, Gates, had neat hair and an eager, pleasant smile . He entered
Harvard but dropped out to found Microsoft in 1975. Microsoft's first product was a version of the
programming language BASIC, for the Altair 8800, arguably the world's first personal computer.
BASIC, invented by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in 1964,was someone else's idea. So was
the Altair.
By 1980, IB had decided to build to build personal computers and needed a PC operating system.
So they hired Microsoft to build its operating system. Microsoft Q-DOS from a company called
Seattle Computer Products and retailored it for the PC.
The PC was released in 1981 and was followed into the market by huge flocks of honking ,
beeping clones.
Apple released the Macintosh in January 1984: a sophisticat3d computer was now available to the
masses. In May 1990, Microsoft finally perfected its own version of Apple windows 3.0, another
huge hit.
By the early' 90s, electronic mail and the Internet were big. Technologists forecast an Inter-net
–c9entered view of computing called “mirror worlds.” The World Web emerged in 1994,marking
browsers necessary, and Netscape was founded that same year.
Task 3
Directions: Listen carefully to the following passage and in the blanks with what you hear on the
tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
NASKAQ
NASDAQ is second largest stock market in the United Stock Exchange. It is the world's first
completely computerized stock market. It was created in 1971 to centralize information about the
trading of stocks not instead on the New York Stock Exchange or other exchanges. Today ,
NASDAQ is the world's largest growing stock market . The stocks of more than 4,800 companies
trade on NASDAQ. More than 500,000 computers worldwide are linked to the NASDAQ system.
The NASDAQ Composite Index is one of the main measurements of the strength of the American
economy. The index uses a sys tem of points instead of points instead of dollars to measure the
changes in the made. A final number is reported at the end of each trading day.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is the oldest and main stock index. The Dow Jones Inns Index
are established industrial companies. NASDAQ, however, includes most of the country's new,
high-technology and Internet companies.
Part 2 Listen for Main Ideas
Task 1
Directions: You will hear 5 short telephone calls. Before you listen, quickly go over the list of
statements, five of which are summaries of the calls. Then listen carefully and match the
statements (a-g)with the calls (1-5) respectively. There are two extra statements that you don't
need to use. You will hear the calls twice.
Effective Telephone Calls
Calls 1
A: So that just about covers it.
B: Yes, I think it does. Thanks for calling.
A: Any time. It was good to talk to you
B: Right. See you soon, then
A: Yes, Bye.
B: Bye.
Call 2
A: Dick ,things are heating up here.
B: Really? Glad to hear you're so busy.
A: Yes, we certainly are. Um…
B: Funny, because we're not at all busy.
A: Um…
B: I reckon it has something to do with the weather.
A: You might be right. Look, Dick. I really must get on.
B: Of course. What about having lunch some time soon?
A: Maybe. Can I ring you?
B: Yes, that'll be fine. I'm not in this evening but you can reach me…
A: Ok, I'll right you. Bye now.
B: Oh…goodbye.
Call 3
A: So where do you think this leaves us?
B: I'll be there, and I look forward to meeting you.
A: Yes , me too. Bye for now.
B: Goodbye.
Call 4
A: So that's fixed then. Friday the 18th at 2o'clock
B: I'll be there, and I look forward to meeting you
A: Yes, me too. Bye for now.
B: Goodbye.
Calls 5
A: Right, I've got the message, but I'm afraid I didn't catch your name.
B: Emerson, David Emerson.
A: OK, Mr. Emerson. I'll make sure Miss Hancock gets the message.
B: Thank you.
A: You're welcome. Goodbye.
B: Bye.
Task 2
Directions: You will hear a short speech about learning English. Before you listen, read the list of
statements, four of which are summaries of the problems. Then listen carefully and match the
statements (a-e)with the problems (1-4)respectively. There is one extra statement that you don't
need to use. You will hear the speech twice.
Learning English
A student learning English often finds the following problems when he listens to talks or lectures.
First , he doesn't always identify all the words correctly. I refer here to known words, words that a
students would recognize in print. Let's examine some of the reasons for this particular difficulty.
In writing, there are spaces between words. In writing , there are space between words. In speech,
however, it's very difficult to decide where one word finishes and the next one-native speakers
only identify with difficulty. The students also sometimes find it difficult to hear the unstressed
syllable in a word. This problem doesn't occur in print.
The second main problem is the difficulty of remembering what's been said. Words in print are
permanently fixed in space. They can, therefore, be studied again and again. In speech, however,
words disappear immediately after they've been spoken. The listener has to concentrate very hard,
therefore, on identifying and understanding them immediately. There is no chance of hearing them
a second time.
Third, there's the problem of following the argument. Students may frequently have difficulty with
this even when they understand and remember all the words. I want to suggest three reasons for
this. First, the students don't always recognize the important points. Second, in trying to
understand small points, they may miss the big ones. Third, because they're concentrating on
taking notes, they may miss developments in the argument.
In addition, students have difficulty understanding different accents. Many lectures will have a
BBC-type accent, though others will have a different pronunciation. It's usually the vowels that are
pronounced differently, but sometimes the consonants, too. The style of English a lecturer uses
may also cause problems. A more formal style be followed more easily than a colloquial one.
All these factors combine to made it a formidable task for students to follow lectures comfortably.
It's clearly helpful to be aware of the problems and to get as much practice as possible in listening
to and trying to understand spoken English.
Part 3 Listen for Facts
Directions: ——Look At the statements for this part.
——You will hear a passage about mobile phones. You will listen to the passage
twice.
——Decide whether you think each statement is wrong or not mentioned.
Mobile Phones Today
Years age, there was this broker type on a train to Manchester. To the intense annoyance of the
other passengers, he was jabbering down his mobile phone the whole way, loudly making all sorts
of megabuck deals, selling stocks and buying shares. Suddenly an old man in the carriage was
taken seriously ill. Some one suggested that he use mobile to call ahead for an ambulance. He
refused and this outraged the passengers. Only when the passengers were ready to take the phone
off him by force did the broker admit the truth: its mobile was a kiddies' toy, and he had been
talking to himself.
The story has become a well-established urban myth. In this case, the mobile phone was the
symbol of pried, the badge of one man's vanity.
But the mobile's flash image is changing for good. There are all sorts of mobile users now. The
units get lighter and cheaper by the day, so almost anyone can take the dog and bone for a walk.
Even school kids have mobile phones in the bottom of their satchels. Thus equipped, the
children can be traced by their mothers wherever they have gone. Of Course, at the same time,
there are less innocent users of a portable as well. It is an essential tool of the retrieve stolen
property. Take the case of Bernie, a 17-year –old stone builder who fell from a moored boat into
deep river. Every move he made sucked him further into the mud. Just at this moment, Bernie
pulled out his mobile and dialed 999. The firemen arrived as the mud was closing over Bernie's
chin.
Mountain rescue teams in the Lake District, Britain, have used a mobile connected to a fax and
other units. If someone has a heart attack in the hills, the rescuers can fax a print-out of the
victim's ticker to the nearest hospital, and wait for expert instructions to be phoned back.
So there you have it. Facts have proved mobile phones are not glorified executive tops any more.
They have become very useful for you and me.
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions: Listen to a passage about McDonald's and finish the following two tasks. You will
listen to the passage twice.
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives, A, B or C, is the most appropriate response.
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4).
Use The letters only
Once. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.
McDonald's and Its QSC& V
McDonald's founders Dick and Mac McDonald started with their little drive-in restaurant in San
Bernardino, California in the late 1940s. But McDonald's today serves 38 million customers each
day, 20 million of teem in the USA. It has about 23,000restaurants in more than 100 countries
around the world. It's one of the world's great entrepreneurial organizations, with most restaurants
worldwide run by a partner of the company. It's one of the two most recognized and powerful rants
worldwide run by a partner of the company. It's one of the two most recognized and powerful
brands in the world, the other being Coca-Cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonald's today.
It's a growing company, adding more than 2,000 new restaurants to their system each year. This
means a new McDonald's will open somewhere in the world every five house of every day. It
generates sales of more than $31 billion a year and earns a net income of more than $1.5billion
annually. McDonald's opened its first restaurant in Beijing on April 23,1992. It's a joint venture
partnership between McDonald's and the general Corporation of Beijing Agriculture, Industry, and
Commerce. It took five years to establish the network of local farmers, manufacturers, and other
suppliers to support the restaurant.
QSC &V has been the foundation that built McDonald's success. QSC & V stands for the Mc
Donald's principles of Quality, Service, Cleanliness, and Value. It's McDonald's business
philosophy ever since it came into being. Quality to McDonald's means that they ensure their
customers receive food products that they ensure their customers receive food products that are the
result of the best ingredients, strict standards, and proven preparation procedures so that they will
be safe healthy , and great-tasting.
Service that is fast and friendly has always been a foundation for success of McDonald's. They use
service enhancement techniques to help to provide service that meets and exceeds their customers'
expectations. Cleanliness has always been McDonald's principle. This means having the cleanest
and freshest facilities-from the kitchen and dining room to the rest rooms and parking lots. Value
means low prices at McDonald's. Today, value is defined as the total experience you receive clean
environment, quick and accurate service and fun!
Unit Two
Part 1
Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions: Listen to the following airport announcements and fill in the missing information.
1. Final call for United Airlines flight 834 to Hong Kong, now boarding at Gate 21.
2. This is the last call for China Airlines flight 517 to Tokyo, departing from Gate 18A.
3. Southwest Airlines flight 156 to Shanghai, now boarding at Gate 34B.
4. This is the first call for American Airlines flight 701 to Beijing City, now departing from
Gate 11.
5. Your attention, please. Shanghai Airlines flight 406 for Los Angels departing now from Gate
55.
6. Announcing the departure of central Airlines flight 19 to Paris, now boarding at gate No 29.
7. Announcing the firth call for Japan Aires flight 25 to San Francisco now departing from Gate
24A.
8. Pacific Airlines to London, flight No. 610, boarding at Gate 14.
9. This is the final call for Southeast A airways, to New York, flight No 549. Any remaining
passengers must go immediately to gate 6B where the flight is about to depart.
10. Midwestern Airlines passengers for flight No 128 to Boston: this flight is now closing at gate.
No 20
Task 2
Directions: Listen to the following dialogue carefully fill in the blanks with the numbers you hear
on the tape.
Application for patent
A: I'm going to apply for a patent, but I'm not sure how to prepare the application.
B: You need to submit a request, a description and a claim.
A: How long shall I have to wait for the approval?
B: Well, examination takes time. Even then , you won't get the patent certificate.
A: Why?
B: The patent office needs 90 days to wait for any possible opposition. Only when everything is
ok will the patent be registered.
A: How long is the duration of protection?
B: This is only for one of the patent rights. For invention the duration of protection is 15 years,
For utility models and designs, the duration of protection is even shorter, only 10 years.
A: Doe every country specify the same duration of protection.
B: No. The minimum duration of protection is 5 years. In some countries, the patent right duration
for invention is 20 years.
Task 3
Directions: Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
Our Company's Management philosophy
As many of you have undoubtedly noticed, our company's management philosophy is a little
different from that of most American firms. Let me go over some of the differences with you.
First of all, we emphasize cooperation over competition Where US salesmen are usually paid by
commission, ours are on a fixed salary. That way we make sure everyone works as a tea,.
Another difference is that we like to promote managers from within the company rather than
bringing them in from outside. We believe that most people prefer to work under someone whom
they know and respect, someone who knows the company.
Third, in our company, everyone's opinion is valued, and no decision is node without consulting
everyone involved. After all, people are our most important asset.
It is difficult to decide which one is better, There are some merits and demerits in both types of
management.
Part 2 Listen for MAIN ideas
Task 1
Directions: You will hear 3 short dialogues. Before listen, read the list of statements., three of
which are summaries of the dialoguers. Then listen carefully and match the statements(a-b ) with
the dialoguers
(A-C) respectively. There is one extra statement that you don't need to use. You will hear the
dialogues twice.
Shopping
Dialogue A
A: Good morning, sir . what can I do for you ?
B: You see, the scorching gun hurts my eyes. I'm excited to see so many glasses here. I'd like to
get a pair to protect my eyes.
A: You've come to the right place. We have many styles. These are domestic and those are
imported
B: Hmm … I'm not sure. How much is rhea pair on the upper right –hand corner?
A: The regular price of it is 120 Yuan. You are lucky to come here right now, for you get a
preferential price; that is 114 Yuan
B: Any cheaper ones?
A: You know, the price depends on the quality. The least expensive one is 19 yuan. It is domestic.
B: It doesn't matter whether it is imported or not if it can protect my eyes from the scorching sun,
I'll take it.
A: You cheaper ones?
B: It doesn't matter whether it is imported or not if it can protect my eyes from the scorching sun,
I'll take is
Dialogue B
A: Hi, I need to buy some liquid solution for my contact lenses.
B: Is this all right?
A: Yes. How much is it?
B: Four hundred and fifty.
A: That much? I thought the price was only four hundred.
B: That was a month ago. Prices have gone up since then.
A: I might have to go back to petting on glasses if the prices keep going up.
B: There's not much I can do, sorry.
A: Oh, well, here's for the vanity.
B: Thank you.
A: Thank you , too Bye
B Hold on there, You forgot your bag.
A: Oh , that's right. Thanks.
Dialogue C
A: Hello, I need to nave the frames of my glasses change. Can you show new some styles that
can fit into the same lenses?
B: Let me see your glasses, madam.
A: As you can see, they are already a bit old-fashioned.
B: I'll recommend our turtle shell frames, They are the “in” thing right now in optical-wear.
A: No, I don't think that'll do . I won't be able to bring it back to America with me. It'll just be
confiscated at customs.
B: That's ok. These are imitation turtle-shell
.They are also cheaper. The real ones are harder to sell here, so we don't nave them.
A: Fine, then let me see some styles you've got.
B: I think the square ones will be best for you. Try these.
A: I do like a bit younger with this pair.
Task 2
Directions: You will hear six housewives talking about what they did to take care of the mess
around the horse. Before you listen, quickly goi over the list of statements, six of which are
sum-around the housewives tips. Then listen carefully sand match the name of the housewives
with the statements (a-h) respectively. There two extra statements thwart you don't need to use.
You will hear their talks twice.
Housewives' Tips on How to clean up
Presenter: Welcome to our program. Today we will hear six housewives staling about what they
did to clam up the mess.
Mary: I am Mary. We bought large laundry baskets and placed then in every room. When one of
our kids leafs a room he is to plea any out-if –place object in the basket, Before bed, each grabs
a laundry basket and puts the items where they belong.
Helen: Hello I am Helen, I have found under-the-ed plastic containers a tremendous help with
memorabilia They keep name organized, keep the items practically dust free, and I know where to
find them.
Maggie: Hi I'm Maggie, Every family member has a cubby for his or her papers if they don't deal
with them in two weeks, I throw them out. The same goes for the kids' toys . After losing a few
important papers and dear toys, the kids caught on, and it really works!
Vivian: I'm Vivian. My makeup and habit applies had grown to an overwhelming number of small
containers. I bought a shoe organizer that hangs on the back of a door and stuffed each pocket with
my hairs ribbons , brushes, makeup kits and hair goops . Now I find everything easily, and the
bathroom counter looks great.
Lily: I'm Lily. When each child was born, I borsht a trunk to keep at the foot of their bed and
store treasures in –report cards, pictures, crafts, letters, etc, When they marry and /or move out, the
trunk will go with them, and what they did with their childhood memories is up to them.
Betty: I'm Betty. I went to a cleaning-supply house and bought a bucket with dividers for different
cleaners, Then I got one of those aprons like a tool belt to hold the things I need to clean (brushes,
scouring pads, etc). Now then I clean, I grab the bucket put on the apron, and I'm good to go!
Part 3 Listen for the Facts
Directioms: ——Look at the ten statements for this part.
——You will hear a passage about making friends and finding love. You will listen to
the passage twice.
——Decide whether you think each statement is right, Wrong, or not mentioned.
Making Friends and Finding Love
In the United states, as in any country, there are a number of customs then people get married.
Some people have a very small wedding ceremony, perhaps at City Hall, and just go to a nice
lunch or brunch afterwards. Some people elope; they run away-maybe to lass Vegas or Reno and
get married secretly. Some people have a formal wedding but keep it very small; they invite just
their closest friends and immediate family their parents, grandparents, and brothers and sisters.
But things get very complicated for people who have a big wedding.
For a big wedding, there's always the question of who to invite and hove many people to invite.
Besides the relative and close friends of the couple, how many other friends should be invited?
sometimes the parents of the bride and groom want to invite heir business colleagues, and, if so ,
the young couple usually gets upset because it begins to feel like a business party instead of their
wedding . if the guest list gets too long, the father of the bride sometimes gets upset because it's
usually the bride's parents who pay for the wedding, and each additional guest if expensive.
There are certain customs and suppertimes surrounding a wedding. For example, the bride and
groom cannot see each other before the ceremony on the day of the wedding because this would
bring terrible luck. Also, the bride has to wear something old, something new, something
borrowed, and something blue, but nobody seems able to explain why. The wedding itself may be
in a church or temple, or it could be in a large garden or banquet hall., The bride, wearing a white
gown, enters on her father's arm All of the guests to watch her walk down the aisle toward the
groom Her bridesmaids the young women who staid beside her are also waiting there for her.
They're wearing another color,. But they all wear matching women who stand dresses. The young
men who stand beside the groom the ushers wear tuxedoes as does the groom of course, standing
immediately to the groom's left is his best man; this is probably either his brother or his closest
friend This is usually the person who holds onto the wedding ring until the moment when the
groom placers it on the bride's halved. Some couples repeat formal vows that come from a
religious book; others write their own vows After they say their vows theory kiss for the first time
as a married couple and walk back up the aisle.
After the ceremony, the bride, groom their parents, dam the bridesmaids and ushers in other words,
the wedding party often have group photographs take then they stand in a receiving line to greet
the guests a s they enter the room where the wedding reception. At the reception. There is always
food, music, dancing and lots of champagne.
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions: Listen to an interview about the euro and finish the following two tasks . You will
listen to the interview twice .
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives , A, B , or C , is the most appropriate response .
Task 2 Choose from A-F the correct answer for each of the items (1-4) . Use the letters only
once .There are two extra letters that you do not need to use .
Q&A on the Euro
Q: What is the euro?
A: The euro is the new money being adopted by 12countries in the European Union in the largest
monetary changeover in history .
Q: When is it coming into force ?
A: Technically ,the euro came into being on Jan .1,1999,when exchange rates between the
countries of the so-called “euro zone” were fixed . The European Central Bank , based in
Frankfurt ,Germany , now sets key interest rates for the whole euro zone . Companies and banks
already use the euro for accounting, and many stores include the euro value of goods on the price
tags . But euro cash comes into circulation for the first time on Jan. 1,2002.From then on, store
prices, bill s and wages will all be expressed in euros only .
Q: How many people will use the money ?
A: About 305 million people live in the 12 countries :Austria , Belgium , Finland , Germany ,
Greece, Ireland , Italy , Luxembourg , the Nether lands , Portugal and Spain .
Q: But there are 15 countries in the European Union . What happens to the other three?
A: Adopting the euro isn't a condition of EU membership. Many in Europe fear adopting the
single curacy will diminish their national sovereignty , Denmark and Sweden are staying out
because their voters decided sob referendum . Britain hasn't held a referendum yet . All three are
free to adopt the euro later , as are a dozen eastern and southern European countries that are
applying to join to join the EU.
Q: Hoe many euros are there ?
A: Mints and printing plants across the continent are churning out 50 billion coins and 14.9billion
crisp new euro bank notes ahead of the cash launch , The biggest of the seven notes is worth 500
euros-about US$440 .Overall ,660 billion euros , worth US$90 billion ,are being prepared
Q: What do they look like ?
A: The coins have one side common to all 12countries and the other specific to each country ,
while the notes will look the same throughout the euro area , On the notes , gateways and bridges
are supposed to symbolize European openness and cooperation .
Q: What happens to the old money?
A: It can be used for rap to two months National central banks will go on exchanging it for euros
for years .
Q: What does it mean for Europe?
A: European leaders hope the euro will boost the European economy by cutting out exchange
costs to make it easier and cheaper to do business within the union . It is also expected to fuel
competition and hold back inflation by making it easier for shoppers and companies to compare
prices across the continent. They also pope that honing euros in their pockets will bring Europeans
closer togged and make life easier for tourists, from Europe and beyond .
Unit Three
Part 1
Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions :Listen to the following dialogue carefully and fill in the timetable with what you hear
on the tape . Write in numbers .
A
Salesman's Week
Lily : Hi, Mike ,Haven't seen you for months . What have you been doing these days ?
Mike: I'm a salesman now ,working all sorts of hours every week .
Lily : Do you ?Tell me about it .
Mike : Well .On Monday Start work at seven thirty and finish at thirteen fifteen .
Lily :Right .The same shift on Wednesday , but then I begin at six teeny and end at fourteen fifty .
Lily : You change the shift on Tuesday ?
Mike : Yes .On Tuesday I am on a split shift . I start to work at half past eight in the morning and
finish at ten forty-face . Then I start again at fourteen hundred hours and finish for the day at
eighteen thirty .
Lily :How about Thursday ?
Mike : On Thursday I work on a day shift , starting at eight and finishing at seventeen thirty . On
Friday I work on the late shift , starting at thirteen forty and finish at twenty-two hundred hours .
Lily : Is it the same on Saturday ?
Mike : Not exactly . I start work at the same time as on Friday , yet stop working at fifteen past
midnight
Lily : Then you can get a whole-day rest on Sunday ?
Mike : No ,On Sunday I've to work on an early shift , starting work at ten to six in the mooring
and stop at three quarts to fourteen
Lily : it's really a busy schedule .
Task 2
Directions : You will hear a short passage . Listen carefully and answer the following questions in
numbers
A Busy Schedule
Mr. Green is a hard-working businessman. Hugest up at 6:15 every mooring . He eats breakfast at
6:50 and leaves home for work at 7:35 He dives to his office about 8:oo and begins to wore at
8:40.His lunchtime is 12:00. At 1:00 p. m. he starts to work again and does not stop working until
5:30 in the afternoon He usually gets biome at 6:10 pomp and has his dinner with his family at
6:30 pomp Then he usually watches TV for relaxation and goes to bed at about 22:30 He has a
very tight schedule every day ,yet he earns a lot of money .
Task 3
Directions : Listen care fully to the following conversation and fill in the blanks with what you
hear on the tape ,. You will listen to the conversation twice .
A: Good afternoon .miss ,I'm here asking for your help .
B: What's it ,please ?
A: My company has just concluded a business transaction in Guangzhou Commodities Fair .I
mean my company is to export ten tons of food oil to an Indian company. The Indian company
insisted on paying my company by time Laces I doubt if the Indian company has money to pay us
B: I see .you want our bank to make an investigation of the money position of that Indian
company ?By the way ,how could you accept their time L/C?
A: Yes ,I want you to make a credit investigation for my company . Food oil isn't selling well , so
my company accepted time L/C payment .
B: Please fill out this form with detailed information, such as the full name of the Indian company,
its address and its local bank with which the company has an account and the account number
A: Here you are .
B: Oh ,it's the Indian Central Bank . Your bank has correspondent relations with it . It can help us.
A: Great !Do you have relations with all the foreign banks in the world? And how much should I
pay now ?
B: RMB200 Yuan in advance .Our bank has relations with most of the foreign banks in the world,
not all .
A: When can I get the result ?
B: About one week. I'll call you
A : Thank you for your help .
Part 2
Listen for Main Ideas
Task 1
Directions : You will hear a short speech about social customs .Before you listen ,quickly to over
the list of statements , four of which are summaries of some of the social customs in Japan .Then
listen carefully and match the statements (a-f) with the customs (A-D) . There are two extra
statements that you don't need to use .You will hear the speech twice .
Social Customs
Japanese people have certain interesting customs .Following are some of the customs they
practice ,
Custom One shoes are removed before entering Japanese-style houses and restaurants .The
Japanese do not exact foreigners to understand the finer points of their own etiquette but they lied
people to try to conform
Custom Two Most Japanese meals consist of a series of small dishes . Naturally ,the polite thing to
do is to eat what one is offered ,but Japanese hosts are understanding if a foreigner explains that
he finds a particular dish unappetizing.
Custom Three In Japan it is the almost common custom to exchange visiting cards when over
makes new acquaintances. This is useful to the foreign visitor, and it is advisable to take a
substantial number of cards (say at least 100) for use in Japan .
Custom Four The custom of giving gifts to business and personal acquaintances is more
acceptable than in most other countries. Most of these gifts are fairly small items and it is not
necessary to reciprocate immediately although it is customary to give something back in sue
course for personal presents received from individuals . It may be useful to take a number of
souvenirs items such as English china ,company pens or ties to give away on suitable occasions ,
Very high quality Scotch whisky also makes an invariable gift . It is important that all gifts should
be carefully wrapped in gift-wrapping paper.
Task 2
Directions : You will hear 3 short dialogues . Before you listen, read the list of statements ,three of
which are summaries of the dialogues . Then listen carefully and match the statements (a-e) with
the dialogues (A-C) respectively. There are two extra statements that you don't need to rise .You
will hear the dialogues twice.
Talking about Companies
Dialogue A
A: Is your company a state-operated one ?
B: Yes ,it is a large state-operated export-oriented enterprise
A: Oh ,I see .What do you mainly deal in ?
B: We mainly deal in import and export trade but we also do international
transportation
,warehousing
,
hotel
service
,
advertising
,exhibition
,labor
export ,telecommunications , real estate ,etc .
A: That's great .
Dialogue B
A: Who do you work for ?
B:I work for Mimeo Arts and Crafts Company.
A: Is it a state company, too ?
B: No ,it's a private company ,
A: Where is your company based?
B: We are based in Fichu.
A: Do you have your own factories?
B: Yes ,we have six factories in this province . They produce bamboo and wood arts and crafts ,
stone canings , jade carvings and traditional lacquer ware .
Dialogue C
A: So what's the name of your company ?
B: It's Fustian AROMATIC Peanut Oil Factory . Three years ago it was transformed into a stock
company .
A: What is your company's main product?
B: Our leading product is AROMATIC Brand PAEANUT Oil , It sells fast in many big cities all
over China and has recently been exported to Western Europe .
A : How large is your annual production of peanut oil ?
B: We produce more than 300.000 tons every year .
A: Are there any other products in your company ?
B: Yes .Besides peanut oil ,we also produce other edible oils ,eggs ,vegetables and animal feed to
meet the market demand .
Part 3
Listen for Facts
Directions :——Look at the ten statements for this part .
——You will hear a passage about Nissan's asvertising campaign .You will listen to the passage
twice .
——Decide whether you think each statement is right ,wrong ,or not mentioned.
Nissan Launches New Brand Campaign
Nissan North America is shifting advertising gears with a new Nissan brand campaign about its
revitalized product line and its comeback from near bankruptcy a few years ago, The emotionally
charged work introduces “shift “as the new umbrella tag, The new Nissan TV spots focus on
people shifting their lives and activities. In one, a double-amputee female rock climber is shown
struggling upward. A text line says, “shift Obstacles”.
Breaking Sept .3 on national broadcast and cable TV networks, it replaces Nissan's “Driven” tag,
introduced in summer 1998.”Shift “is a version of Nissan's global tag “shift the Future “first used
in Japan and later as “shift Expectations” in Europe.
The U.S. work combines “shift” with a slew of other words, that change with the mood of scenes
in the spots from Omnicom Group's TBW Cheat Day, Playa del Rye . The opening scene in one
shows someone jumping off a steep snowy cliff, as “fear” appears on screen after the word “shift”
The only narration in all four national TV brand commercials is the same:” shift can change a
person, a life, the world, or it can simply change the way you move through it.”
Steve Wichita, vice president of marketing for both Nissan and Infiniti brands, said when he heard
that line from TBWA in the only campaign it presented,”I was blown away by it, It's one of the
most powerful notions I've ever encountered.
The new ad tag and theme will be used in all communications, including upcoming print ads,
outdoor, brochures, the Internet and point of purchase materials.
Part 4
Listen for Details
Directions : Listen to a passage about Americans' overweight problems and finish the following
two tasks .You will listen to the passage twice .
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives, A, B or C, is the most appropriate response.
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only once.
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.
America Weighs In
Americans enjoy the most abundant and varied diet in the world. Food is cheap, plentiful, and
tasty, All those readily available nutrients should make us a stung, healthy people, But for an
increasing share of U.S. Adults, life in the land of plenty is making them plenty fat, the percent of
adults aged 20 to 74 who are obese based on their body mass index increased from 24 percent in
the 1960s to 33 percent in 1988-91. By 1994, the share of all adults aged 20 and older who are
overweight climbed further, to 35 percent. Applying that rate to the adult population yields a total
of 65 million U.S. adults aged 20 or older who were overweight in 1988-94. We don't get to blame
the aging population, either . Overweight had become more prevalent among all age groups, not
just the elderly .
Children and adolescents are following the example of their elders. The share of children aged 6 to
11 who are overweight increased from 11 percent in the late 1970s to 14 percent in 1994. For
children aged 12 to 17 , the share doubled to 12 percent in 1994 .
Overweight people create markets for large-sized clothing and weight-loss products and services.
But Americans seem to be losing interest in weight-loss diets. One market that is certain to benefit
from this trend is health care. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) says that
overweight and obese adults are at increased risk for numerous acute and chronic conditions,
ranging from high blood pressure to diabetes to arthritis.
Most doctors believe that a wide range of chronic ailments can be prevented or mitigated by
maintaining a reasonable body weight. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Kop recently said that
if he had stayed in office longer, “I would have launched the same assault on obesity that I did on
smoking .”
Unit Four
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions: Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the dates you hear . You may use short
forms for the months, for example, Jan . For January.
1、 New Year's Day is on January 1, when New Year greetings can be heard throughout the
world.
2、 On February 14, many people in the world celebrate an unusual holiday , sty ,Valentine's
Day ,a special day for lovers .
3、 A holiday for women all over the world so International Women's Day on March 8
4、 Mother's Day in the United States in on the second Sunday in May .
5、 July 4 is Independence Day of the United September
6、 Teachers' Day in China is on the tenth of September
7、 October 24, the UN birthday, is celebrated as United Nations Day
8、 Christmas Day, December 25, is the most important festival in the Christian world.
9、 Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday of November.
10、
April Fools' Day is on April 1,a holiday “for –fun-only” observance.
Task 2
Directions :You will her a news item about the WTO . Listen care fully and fill in the blanks with
what you hear on the tape .
WTO
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was created to replace GATT, The WTO began operation
on January 1 , 1995. GATT and the WTO coexisted until December 1995. The first WTO
Ministerial conference was held in Geneva, Switzerland between 18 and 20 May 1998. The third
WTO Ministerial was held in Seattle, Washington State, U.S.A. between 30 November and 3
December, 1999.the fourth WTO Ministerial Conference was held in Doha, Qatar from 9 to 14
November, 2001.The 18th Conference of the WTO China Working Group, held in September,
2001, passed all legal documents of China joining the WTO.
Task 3
Directions : Listen carefully to the following conversation and fill in the blanks with what you
hear on the tape . You will listen to the conversation twice.
Dick: How would you like to take a month's trip to Europe and the Far East?
Jane: What? Are you joking?
Dick: No, First of all, let me explain that it's a business trip .
Jane: A business trip?
Dick: Yes, the company wants me to visit some of our operations and hone some meetings about
this new computer I'm developing .They feel if we combine expertise , we'll advance more
quickly on the idea .
Jane :Oh, that's terrific, Dick. Where would we be going?
Dick: We'd go to about eight countries . We have eight development laboratories; Actually, I'm just
now beginning to realize how big the company is. We're very much of a global company.
Jane: But it's basically an American company, isn't it ? I mean, the company started here, It's
incorporated here , isn't it ?
Dick: True , but aside from our whole American operation , we're in 126 countries where we have
125,000 employees .We do business in 30 languages and in more than 30 currencies . We have
plants in 13 countries and eight development labs …
Jane : I'm convinced ! You're multinational, But you know, a lot of industries-shipbuilding, aircraft,
automobiles, in addition to computers-can not survive without selling abroad.
Dick : That's right .And for the last seven or eight years ,more than half of the corporation's net
income has come from overseas business , So we are really a part of the world community.
Jane: I think it's very exciting .
Dick: It be very exciting to see what's happening at these different development labs around the
world.
Jane : Internationalism is the trend of the times?
Dick : Yes. I really feel that nations ate tied to each to each other through business operations.
Part 2 Listen for Main ideas
Task 1
Direction: You will hear 3 short dialogues, Before you listen reds the list of statements, three of
which are summaries of the dialogues, Then listen carefully and mach the statements (a-e) with
the dialogues (A-C) respectively. There are two extra statements that you don't need to use. You
will hear the dialogues twice.
Looking for a Flat
Dialogue A
John: Hello, Nora? I heard about a flat that might interest you arils, it's near the central bus station
on the main road and quite reasonable, about £25 rent. The only problem is it's only got two
bedrooms, but I expect two of you could share.
Nora: Well, as long as it isn't me. I've got to nave my privacy and besides I'd be working at home
mostly and would need to use my bedroom as well. John, can vases and paints take up room? Any
other details?
John: Yes, it's got a very big and well-equipped kitchen apparently, and I know you like cooking ,
so that's another point in its favor. And a smallish sitting-room.
Dialogue B
Peter: Jean, darling , there's this fantastic alat I heard about going for almost nothing £20 a week.
Jean: Well, thank goodness for that. I can't afford very much on my grant. What are the details?
What's the problem, peter?
Peter: Well, it's a bit dilapidated, needs redecorating, but I'm sure artist friend Nora could organize
that sort of thing.
Jean: What else? Is it near a bus stop?
Peter: About five minutes' walk. It's near to the school where Alice teaches, so it might be a bit
noisy during the day.
Jean: How many bedrooms?
Peter: Three so you won't need to share and we can have some privacy when I came over.
Dialogue C
Simon: Alice, some friends of mine have just vacated this flat. It might be just what you; Jean and
Nora are looking for. Three bedrooms at a very quiet location.
Alice: Well, Simon, that's important. I can't bear noise. What's the rent?
Simon: About £30 I think. Rather a strict landlady but she maintains the house perfectly and the
flat is beautifully furnished.
Alice: Where is it ?
Simon: Five minutes' bus ride from the school near Jean's college, There's a bus stop just outside
the house. But let me know quickly if you want if you want it or it'll e taken.
Task 2
Directions: You will hear five Americans talking about their jobs. Before you listen, quickly read
the list of statements, five of which are summaries of their descriptions of their jobs. Then listen
and match the statements (a-f) with the jobs (1-5). There is one extra statement that you don't need
to use. You will hear their talk twice.
Americans Talking about Their Jobs
Presenter: You will hear five Americans talking about their jobs. Now Miss Sharon Athens, please.
Sharon Atkins (Receptionist)
I'm Sharon Atkins. I changed my opinion of receptionists because now I'm one. It wasn't the dumb
broad at the front desk who took telephone messages; she had to be something else because I
thought I was something else. I was fine until there was a press party. We were having a fairly
intelligent conversation. Then they asked me what I did. When I told them , they turned around to
find other people with name tags. I wasn't worth bothering with I wasn't being rejected because of
what I had said or the way I talked, but simply because of my function, servomechanism.
Presenter: Now Mr. Hunter, it's your turn.
Jack Hunter (College professor)
I'm Jack Hunter. I'm a college professor. As a communications specialist, I train students to
become more sensitive and aware of interpersonal communication symbolic behavior, use of
words, as well as nonverbal behavior, I try to ignite symbols in your mind, so we can to a point of
agreement on language, This is an invisible industry. Since the Second World War we've had
phenomenal growth. There are seven – thousand –plus strong teachers in this discipline. Business
communication is a very important field in our country. We train people so that they can humanize
the spirit of both parties, though interviewer and the interviewee.
Presenter: Now, Mr. Jaffe, please.
Eddie Jaffe (press Agent)
I'm Eddie Jaffe. I can't relax. Cause when you ask a guy who's fifty-eight years old, “What does a
press agent do?” You force me to look back and see what see what a wasted life I've had. My
hopes, my aspirations what I did with them, what being a press agent does to you . what have I
wound up whit ?Rooms of clippings.
Being called a press agent or a public relations man is really a matter of much you get paid. You
cold say he's an advocate in the court of public opinion. But it's not really that deep it's a person
who attracts attention to his client.
Presenter: Now Mr. Robinson, please.
Renault Robinson (policeman)
I'm Renault Robinson, I became a police off icier because of the opportunity it afforded a young
black who didn't nave a college education, I started out working in vice and gambling a special
games, boo likes policy wheel operations narcotics prostitutes I would write the report and another
team would make the arrests, it was very easy for me to find these things in the community,
because any black can finder I really worked as a spy I watched the things in the double standard
at work, blacks being treated one way and whites the other I learned not thing :: whites control the
vice and gambling in the city. They make most of the money out of it and very few are arrested.
The people being arrested are blacks.
Presenter: Miss Richards, your turn, please.
Margaret Richards (Realty Broker)
I'm Margaret Richards, Being a realtor is something I enjoy much, it probably has some thing to
do with being nosy, The niftiest part is to be in on the ground floor of this decision making , A
noose is the largest investment a family can make. They say college education has taken that over,
it's gotten so expensive, well, number two is to buy a horse, it becomes pretty vitamin the lives of
these propel.
Part 3 Listen for facts
Directions: ——Look at the nine statements for his part.
——You will hear a passage about demographic diversity and the U S food business,
You will listen to the passage twice.
——Decide whether you think each statement is right , wrong or not mentioned.
Demographic Diversity and the U S Food Business
Demographic diversity is dramatically changing the business of marketing food and restaurant
marketers have expanded their palates to reach growing Hispanic and Asian populations at the
same time, marketers are broadening their offerings to the general market to include new flavors
and stronger tastes,
In effect, the US market has become a true “melting pot ”in which formerly “exotic” tastes and
foodstuffs are becoming part of the mainstream norm.
Even chicken soup giant Campbell soup co is getting in the game its stockpot subsidiary a supplier
to restaurants is planning to launch a three item line of Asian flavor sauces and dour bases, in
chiding dustup bases including briny surd notch valor pho so far there's no indication that the
remand white label will include pho, but stockpot acknowledges that Campbell's foodservice units
serve as test label will include pho stockpot acknowledges that Campbell's foodservice units serve
as test kitchens for future grocery products.
“The Away from Home division is a way for Campbell to keep its eye on new flavor trends, of as
these trends emerge there is always an opportunity to incorporate them into retail products” says
Kathleen Horner stockpot's president.
Unclear recently introduced a five-item line of Lipton Asian flavor side dishes, including beef lo
mien noodles and sweet nod sour noodles, and General Mills Pillsbury Co markets a flavor of
Hagen dazes ice cream called Dulcet de Lecher a caramel and cram confection inspired by a Latin
American dessert.
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions: Listen to a passage about the WTO and finish the following two tasks , You wall listen
to the passage twice.
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives, A B or C is the most appropriate response.
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4) Use the letters only once.
There is one extra letter that our do not need to use.
WTO
The world trade organization (WTO) is an international body that promotes an enforces the
Provisions of trade laws and regulations . The World Organization has the authority to administer
and police new and existing free trade agreements , to oversee world trade practices , and to settle
trade disputes among member states . The WTO was established in 1994 when the members of the
General Agreement on Trade (GATT, a treaty and international trade organization )signed a new
trade pact . In fact , the WTO was created to replace GATT , The WTO began operation on
January 1,1995. GATT and the WTO replaced December 1995,when the members of GATT met
for the last time . Although the WTO replaced GATT, the trade agreements established by Gating
1994 are apart of the WTO agreement . However,.the WTO has a significantly broader scope than
GATT . GATT regulated trade in merchandise goods. The WTO expanded the GATT agreement to
include trade in services, such as international telephone service , and protections for intellectual
property-that is ,creative works that can be protected legally , such as sound and video recordings
and computer programs , The WTO is also a formally structured organization whose rules are
legally binding on its member states , The organization provides a framework for in taxation
astride law , Members can refer trade disputes to the WTO where a dispute panel composed of
WTO officials serves as arbitrator , Members can appeal this panel's rulings to a WTO where a
dispute panel composed of Two's durectir-geberal ,oversees the General council .
Unit Five
Part 1
Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions : You will hear eight sentences , There is a telephone number in each of them , listen
carefully and write down the numbers .
1、 Lily's telephone number is 3254687
2、 Hello , this is 62342135678.
3、 Dick is from Canada and his telephone number is 7324060
4、 If you phone 6892431,you will get his office's switchboard
5、 My number is 4212204433and I'd like to make an appointment call to Mr . Lincoln .
6、 My name is David Lin ,and my telephone number is 042350782104
7、 You can reach me at the Baltimore Hotel ,Extension 678
8、 Opera actor , I'd like to place a person-to-person call to Miss Nancy and my number is
7035432741
Task 2
Directions : Listen carefully to the following passage and complete the table .
Reunion
A group of friends got together again after their graduation 20years ago , They changed their
business cards so as to contact each other conveniently . Mr. Smith ‘s card says his office
telephone number is 6243579 , home telephone number is 6890213 and the moiled number is
13956706432. Dick's card tells us that his office telephone number is 67120673, her home
telephone number is 73269218091 , and her mobile number so 1306894257 on David's card ,the
office telephone number is 32904875436, the home telephone number is 32906255432 , and the
mobile number is 13666895421.
Task 3
Directions :Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape , You will listen to the passage twice .
Situations Vacant
ACME Atlantic is a well-known and respected trading company , We handle imports directly from
manufacturers in 35 different countries , often to our own specifications , and currently export to
46 different countries worldwide .
We are looking for enthusiastic people to work in our office in Bermuda on temporary 3-,6-and
9-month contracts .Applicants must be able to speak and write at least one foreign language
fluently and can be national of any country.
Experience in import/export will be an advantage ,but as speci9al training will be available this is
not essential The main requirement is willingness to work as a member of a team , to cope with
pressure, to use the telephone in a foreign language and in English and to be prepared occasionally
to work long hours when necessary .
There are several posts available and long-term prospects are good , though initially all successful
applicants will be contracted for a maximum of 9 months .
The salary we will offer is excellent .We will pay for your return air fare and provide adequate
accommodation at a nominal rent .
Please apply in your own handwriting, enclosing your resume , to Charles Fox, European Sales
Office ,ACME Atlantic Ltd , 45 Bentonville Road ,London EC24AC.
Part 2 Listen for Main Ideas
Task 1
Directions :Mr. . Jack Deal talks about businesses in the 21st century. Before you listen , quickly
go over the list of statements ,four of which are summaries of the businesses . Then lies
.ten carefully and match the statements(a-f)with the businesses (1-4)described on the tape .There
are two extra statements that you don't need to use . You will hear the talk twice .
Businesses in the 21st century
I am Jack Deal .i think in the 21st century some businesses will continue to grow .
First I would like to mention computer repair , Hardware and software sales are tough . We are
trying to get away from that built it's not easy . We have to offer more of a solutions-based rather
than products-based approach . If we can't do that we will be gone .
Next I would say watch repair. There are fewer watch repairers now , in Switzerland , they are
trying t recruit and train watch repair people . The demand is going up .i buy old watches, redo
them and sell them on the internet .
Third I should mention network security , Security is still within its infancy …and the awareness
of the need of security is growing incredibly fast ! As you know , more and more sensitive inform
matron is being processed in networked computing environments , dramatically increasing the
efficiency of millions of businesses around the globe , but at the same time rendering them
vulnerable to software and hardware failure and misuse form internal or external sources ,
Last but not least . I would say it is computer training. As the technology changes and becomes
more complex people and businesses will have to learn it .We have a good future only if we
continue to learn more and more , We have to stay on top .
Task 2
Directions : You will hear 3 short dialogues . Before you listen , read the list of statements . three
of which are summaries of the dialogues , Then listen carefully and match the statements (a-e)with
the dialogues (A-C) . There are two extra statements that you don't need to use , You will hear the
dialogues twice .
Shopping
Dialogue A
A: What is the jacket made of ?
B It is made of pure wool .
A: Pure wool is expensive .
B: How about the blend fabric ?It is a blend fabric of cotton and wool .
A: What's the percentage of wool ?
B:50%cotton and 50% wool .
A: Is the black jacket also made of a blend fabric ?
B: No , it is 100% cotton .
Dialogue B
A: Good morning , may I help you whih anything ?
B: I want t see some really good silks for a dress , something above the average .
A: Do you want it in plain colors or in printed patterns ?
B: I'd like tee your prints , please .
A: This is lovely print , The design is tropical
B: Such cute flowers , but the colors are a bit too glaring .Can you give me something soft ?
A: How about these with paisleys ?They are in vogue nowadays .
B: That's much better ,How much are they ?
A: Only fifty dollars per yard .
B: Give me enough for a dress , will you ?
Dialogue C
A: May I ask a favor of you ?
B: Sure ,where is the problem ?
A: I'm trying to figure out which cloth to buy , I'm trying t match this color with nether one .
B: How about this ?
A: No , the color is a little too dark , Can I see the umber serge instead ?
B:OK .What do you thin of the combination ?
A: Yes ,this is a little better .How much are you going to give it to me for ?
B: since you're such a nice lady ,I'll give it to you at thirty-fie dollars per yard .
A: That's mighty kind of you ,Thank you , But is this pure wool ?
B: Sure ,just strike a match and burn a thread of it .
A: Good enough .
Part 3 Listen for Facts
Directions : ——Look at the ten statements for this part
——You will hear passage about insurance fraud , You will listen to the passage twice .
——Decide whether you think each statement is right , wrong ,or not mentioned .
Insurance Fraud
Watch out-insurance crooks are pacing your pocket in order t line theirs , These thieves are
committing insurance fraud , one of America's largest criminal . Insurance fraud is a crime , and
one way or another , honest consumers and businesses pay the price .
People lose their savings . Trusting citizens are bilked out of thousands of dollars ,often their
entire life savings , by insurance investment schemes , The elderly are especially vulnerable ,
Healthiest endangered , People's health and lives are endangered by swindlers who sell
nonexistent health policies or perform quack medical care to illegally inflate health insurance
claims .
Insurance fraud is hard to measure because so much goes undetected . More than one third of
people hurt in audio accidents exaggerate their injuries , This adds $13-$18 billion to America's
annual insurance bill , Nearly one third of doctors exaggerate the severity of a patient's illness to
help the patient avoid early discharge from a hospital ,according to the Journal of the American
Medical Association
Insurers sometimes back off , Most insurance companies take a tough stand against fraud , but
some companies unwittingly encourage fraud by paying suspicious claims too easily , These
companies believe it's cheaper to pay some smaller suspect claims then fight in court , and a quick
payoff also may avoid multimillion-dollar lawsuits for bad faith .
Immigrants are vulnerable . Insurance cheats consider America's large and growing immigrant
groups easy targets . Asian and Hispanic communities , for example m, report extensive insurance
frauds con artists prey on immigrants ‘trust ,lack of English skills and ignorance of how insurance
works .
Part 4
Listen for Details
Directions : Listen to a passage about stock exchanges and finish the following two tasks , You
will listen to the passage twice .
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives , A ,B, or C , is the most appropriate response .
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only once .
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use .
What Is a Stock Exchange ?
A stock exchange is an organized market for buying and selling financial instruments , including
stocks , options , and futures , Most stock exchanges have specific locations where commissioned ,
or paid , intermediaries called brokers conduct trading –that is m, buying and selling .Stocks are
not always traded on a stock exchange , Some are traded over the counter ,without a specific
central trading location .
Stock exchanges serve important roles in national economies , They encouraged investment by
providing places for buyers and sellers t trade securities , stocks ,bonds , and other financial
instruments Companies issue stocks and bonds t obtain capital toy expand their businesses .
Corporations issuer new securities in the primary market , usually with the help of investment
bankers , In the primary market , corporations receive the proceeds of stock sales , Thereafter ,they
are not involved in the trading of stocks , Owners of stocks trade them on a stock exchange in the
secondary market .
In the secondary market ,investors ,not companies ,earn the profits or bear the lasses resulting
from their trades ,Stock exchanges encourage investment by providing this secondary market .By
allowing investors too sell securities , exchanges increase the safety of investing ,
Stock exchanges also encourage investment in other ways ,They protect investors by upholding
rules and regulations that ensure buyers will be treated fairly and receive exactly what they pay
for . Exchanges also support state-of-the-art technology and the business of brokering ,which both
help traders to buy and sell securities prickly and efficiently .
Major stock exchange in the United States include the New York Stock Exchange and the
American Stock Exchange .In addition ,most of the world's industrialized nations have stock
exchanges . Among the larger international exchanges are those in London, England ;Paris ,France;
Milan, Italy; Hong Kong ,China ;and Tokyo ,Japan
Unit Six
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions: You will hear a short conversation . Listen carefully and complete the following table .
A: I'd like to go shopping . Would you like to go with me ?
B: Sure .How nice it is !
A: What would you want to buy ?
B: Some newspapers ,magazines and books. What about you ?
A: Food and clothes .
B: How about the white dress ? It looks pretty.
A: Let me see the price tag . It says $254 . It's too expensive for me .
B: What about this blue one ; it's only $126 .
A: It's very nice . I think I'll take it .
B:I think the T-shirt is nice; the color suits you . That's only $ 5.93 .
A: OK . I really do like chocolates . That's $ 9.02 for them . Let me take some .
B:The cookies are $ 3.74; they look good .
A:Yeah. How about yours?
B:They are here . The magazines are $7.69 .
A:I think the books will cost more .
B:Yes，they are $ 12.36
A: Are the newspapers the cheapest?
B:Of coures. They cost me $ 2.03.
Task 2
Directions : You will hear six short conversations. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the
numbers you hear on the tape.
1、——How much is this table?
——$ 49.27
2、——How much does this bike cost?
——$124.50
3、——How much is it?
——$562.31
4、——Is this sofa expenseve ?
——Not very . Only $ 462
5、—— How much are those shoes ?
——They are $ 54.36
Task 3
….
Directions : Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the ape . You will listen to the passage twice .
A: No doubt the quality of your blouses is first class , but the price is rather unacceptable .
B: You know the cost of production bas gone up dramatically and we have to adjust our price
accordingly . But given their superior quality and a strong market , they still compare favorably
with those you can get from other supplies .
A:I see your point but such a high price is really quite unexpected. Anyhow , can you come down
a little , because at such a price we can't sell anything .
B:I'm told you that we were already in a tight comer and there wasn't any room for us move . But
maybe you can give us a counter-offer , since it's part of a business negotiation , after all .
A: The highest did we can give is US $ 15.14 , that is , a 10% reduction in your original offer .
Anything higher than this , we won't be able to sign the contract .
B: I appreciate your counter-offer but find it too low . You are driving it too close to our cost of
production . Actually,our price is already narrowly calculated and it leaves us only a small profit
margin . We could bave offered a higher price , but we didn't do so because we don't want to hurt
our cooperation and lose a valuable customer like you .
A: Then what do you say to reducing your price by 8% ?
B: Well , it's still too low . The best I can do is 4% . This is our lowest price and I can't go sny
further .
A: What a pity ! 4% is beyond what we can accept . We really don't see how we can persuade
ourend –users to accept such a high price . I'm afraid we'll have to turn to other suppliers for some
cheaper quality blouses . We don't want to lose this deal , but we have to take care of our profit
too .
B: Wait a minute . Maybe we can think about it again . What about 6%? I wouldn't like to see you
go back empty-handed , you cee .
A: 6% ? Let me see ……
B: Look ,this is the furthest I can to . If you are still not satisfied , then I can do nothing about it
A: 6% sounds OK . Though it's still a bit high,I can accept it because we don't want to ose the high
end of the market either .
B: You really drive a hard bargain , Mrs . Chen . Let's call it a deal .
Part 2
Listen for Main Ideas
Task 1
Directions : You will hear 4 people , Tom , Mark , Martha and Joan , talking about businesses in
the 21st century . Before you listen , quickly go over the list of statements , four of which are
summaries of their talks . Then listen carefully to the conversation and match the statements (a-e)
with the names of the speakers respectively . There is one extra statement that you don't need to
use . You will hear the conversation twice .
Talking about Businesses in the 21st Century
Presenter : Tom , Mark , Msrtha and Joan will talk about businesses in the 21st century . Now ,
Tom , can we begin with you ?
Tom : Oh, it's an honor . I think microbrewery will be a booming business . We sell all we make
and even run out at times in the summer . We are kind of in a bind of sorts . To expand and grow
we would need to get more space and buy more epuipment .
Presenter : Now , Mark , it's your turn .
Mark : I don't think custom woodworkers will continue to be needed very much . Ours is a dying
art . In my day you walked in looking for a job and were happy to start sweeping floors . Today
the kids want 15 bucks an hour-that's the first thing they say ! That's why I got rid of my
employees .
Presenter : Martha , what do you think ?
Martha : Herb and spice distribution will be good . We are growing by leaps and bounds . The
nurticeutical and health food industries are causing us to grow quickly . We put out a new herb and
then we get all sorts of requests for it from those wanting to use it in ways we never imagined .
The Internet has allowed us to ship any where .
Presenter : Joan ?
Joan : I would like to mention garment manufacturer . 20% of the garments made now are made of
natural fibers . That should rise dramatically in the next century . The environment is getting
worse and I am worried about my children's future . Recycling will play a greater role in our
future as well .
Task 2
Directions : You will hear six people talking about personal experiences in doing business . Before
you listen , quickly go over the list of statements , six of which are summaries of their talks . Then
listen carefully and match the statements (a-h) with the names of these six persons respectively .
There are two extra statements that you do not need to use . You will hear the talks twice .
Business People Talking about Personal Experiences
Presenter : You will hear six people talking about their personal experiences in doing business .
Now ,Patricia, let ‘s start from you .
Patricia: Hello , I am Patricia. Ilearned English at school and I thought I could speak it quite well .
I could always understnd my teacher , but when I started doing business , I had a lot of problems .
My English was classroom English . When I met colleagues from the United States , I didn't know
what to say to them , I couldn't even introduce myself .
Maggie : I'm Maggie . Young people , particularly young sales people , are very enthusiastic , For
them it's business , business , business . This is good , of course . They need that enthusiasm but
unless they develop social skills and an understanding of how people do business in other
countries , they will not make effective business contacts .
Michael : I'm Michael .When you first do business in a foreign country , you feel very insecure .
Social customs , langusge , food ,they're all different and strange . And this can be very difficult .
You don't want to offend people . You want to do the right thing . So to feel confident and
comfortable , you need the help and hospitality of the local people .
Edgar : I'm Edgar . For people who are new to business , ending a visit or a meeting can be very
difficult . If the host has been hospitable , many inexperienced people feel that they should end the
visit with some offer to do business in the future , even though they know that this may not be in
their company's best interests .
Helen : I'm Helen . It's important to be clear on the phone , especially when you're making
appointments . I used to be too nervous to confirm arrangements in English , snd sometimes I
really wasn't sure what I'd agreed ; I used to wait for people at 10 o'clock and they'd turn up at 2
o'clock ! Now I repeat the details back to the person to make sure .
Jeffrey : I'm Jeffrey . I always like to be prepared for meeddtings . If someone walks up to me
and says , ‘can you make a meeting now ?' I can't stand it ! I want to know in advance what we are
going to be talking about . So I'll usually say , I'm a bit busy at the moment , but could we meet
later on today ? Is that OK ?Maybe I'm not too good at thinking on my feet .
Part 3
Listen for Facts
Directions :——Look at the eight statements for this part .
——You will hear a passage about student health insurance . You will listen to the passage twice .
——Decide whether you think each statement is right ,wrong ,or not mentioned .
Student Health Insurance
Student Health Insurance is an individual health insurance policy designed for and availble to full
time college students only . Many ujiversities and colleges offer their students a group health
insurance policy through the school ,.Each university policy is different ,so check with each
prospective university to answer any specific student health insurance questions .
If your prospective university does not offer a plan , or the college's plan does not satisfy your
needs ,student insurance may also be obtained through traditional health insurance companies .
Obviously .It is important to bave health insurance in case of accident or illness , no matter what
age or stage in life , and students are no esception .
Why should a student need a student policy instead of an individual health insurance plan ? There
are many benefits to a student poloicy , the most apparent being cost . Many student policies have
lower premiums and reasonable deductinles for students who have limited resources.
Also , most student health insurance policies purchased through traditional insurance companies
travel with the student if education plans change .
Students may wish to obtain their own health insurance for a variety of other reasons : they may
no longer be covered byh their parents ‘ health insurance policy ;the student's school may be
outside of their HMO/PPO region; or their current coverage is just too costly on their student
budget .
Whatever the reason , student health insurance can be an affordable and viable alternative for
health insurance while att\ending college . If you are looking for student health insuravce , you
might want to get some online instant quotes from eHealthInsurance . com to get a starting idea of
pricerange and benefits from many different provider companies . Be sure to thoroughly research
any health insurance policy before applying .
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions : Listen to a passage about advertising and finish the following two tasks . You will
listen to the passage twice .
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives ,A,B, or C , is the most apropriate response .
Task 2 Choose from A-E the corect answer for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only once .
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use .
How Did Advertisint Come About ?
Adver tising is a way of informing people of something . This can range from telling them of a
product for sale , or a service , to urging them to do something , or even bring ing one's name
before the puiblic . so advertising came out quite naturally and took many forms from the very
beginning . For example , there is a papyrus discovered at Thebes offering a reward for a runaway
slave ,. It is three thousand years old-and it's really an advertisement !Signboards that notified
people of services available were placed outside doors in Greefe and Egypt around 1500 B Ca
form of adver tising .With the invention of printing , advertising began to take on new forms . In
about 1477,in London , the first printed advertisement in Eng lish announced a prayer book sale .
THE FIRST NEWSPA P By 1771 there were 31newspapers in the colonies , and all of them
carried advertising .Today , of course , we know tht advertising is done not only in newspapers ,
but also in magaaines , on the radio , and on television , the first “commer cials “apeared on radio
in 1920 Commercials on television developed mostly after world war ll the idea spread very
quickly and today the advertising that is done on TV is so familiar to all of us that many people
can remember the commercfials evem better than the shows that they see !
UNIT Seven
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions : You will hear eight sentences . In each sentence there is a four-or five –digit
number .Listen carefully and write down the numbers in the blanks .
1、 The Yang tze River is 6,381 kilometers long .
2、 We nerolled 1,248 student this year .
3、 1,431 people got injured in the accident .
4、 Lake Baykal is the deepest lake in the world ; the depth is 6,365 feet .
5、 The ship unloaded 64,972 pounds of fish .
6、 The average depth of the South China Sea is 4,802 feet .
7、 Mr . Taylor donated 12.497 books to the city library .
8、 Mount Qomolangma is 8,848 meters high .
Task 2
Directions : Listen to the following passage carefully and match the numbers (1-6) in Column A
with the items (a-f) in Column B
Private Sector Grpidly
In the first quarter of this year ,the private sector of economy in Xining City , capital of Qing-hai
Province , grew rapidly , with 52,687 rehistered individually-owned businesses ,
97,716employees , and a registered capital of 646,44 million yuan , 31.9 percent , 20percent and
31.4 percent , respectively , higher than that in 2001. The number of private enterprises reached
3,722,33.5 percent higher than last year .
At the same time , Shanghai witnessed an upsurge in foreign investment . Among a total of 662
projects , 60 per cent are foreign-owned .
Statistics issued by the State Asministration for Industry Commerce (SAIC )indicate that newly
registered enterprises with overseas investments increased by 18.64 percent in 2001, compared to
the same period of the previous year . Among them , 1,829 enterprises bad a total investment of
$ 10 million to $30 million ,and 210 enterprises had an investment of over $ 30million , up 35 . 08
percent and 77.97 percent , respectively . of these newly registered enterprises 14.939 percent are
foreign-funded , an increase of 30.24 percent over the same period of the previous year .
Task 3
Directions : listen carefully to the following passate and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape , You will listen to the passage twice .
Search for Top Ten Digital Workplaces
Recently a senior eecutive from a Fortune 500 company was interviewing a promising young
college graduate he hoped to recruit . The executive described his company's benefits and
opportunities . For a while the young man listened politely , but then he got down to brass tacks .
“What kind of broadband access would you provide into my bome ?” he wanted to know .
The older executive was surprised and a little insulted . But he shouldn't have been . In this digital
age ,our work often follows us home , and just about everywhere else . The latest in digital
technology , both at home and in the office , is a necessity for advancing our careers . It also
happenas to be a spectacular perk . People prefer to work for the companies that offer the most
technology and the greatest opportunities for taking advantage of it .
We went on an all-out seach to find 10 companies in a varety of indrstries that we think pro-vide
thw best digetal workplaces . We consulted experts from acaedmia . the business world , think
tanks , and the most renoenes Amkerican technology companies . We examined the computing
systems provided to empliyees , the telecommuting arrangement available , technical training
opportunities and a host of other factors-including whether workers seemde to be enjoying their
jobs . In the end , we focused on companies of all sizes that use technology to do three things :
improve efficiency; increase production and improve employees' lives .
Part 2
Listen for Main Ideas
Directions : You will hear six people talking about etiquette in business situations . Before you
listen , quickly go over the list of statements , six of which are summaries of their tips on business
etiquette . Then listen carefully and match the statements (a-h)with the names of these six persons
respectively . There arw two extra statements you don't need to use . You will hear the talk twice .
Some Useful Tips on Etiquette
Presenter :Good evening ,ladies and gentlemen . Welcome to our LIFE SHOW priotram . I have
interviewed six people about etiquette in the business arena . They are Tony , Mary , John , Jerry ,
Tom and Caroline . They have presented some very good tips that I would like to share with you .
Tony says :
1、 The most important person in the hierarchy of any company is the client .
2、 Persons of lesser importance are introduced to persons of greater importance , regrdless of
gender . The name of the most important person is said first .
3、 Doors are held for persons more senior in rank , regardless of gender .
4、 Whoever is closest to the elevator doors exits first
5、 At business functions neither men nor women are helped with their chairs unless they need
it .
6、 Both men and women should be helped with their coats if they are clients or more senor in
rank .
Mary says :
1、 Do your homework beforehand-research the opposition , the topic , and your own team's
blind spots or hang-ups-so you don't waste anyone's time
2、 Identify your pr4iorities , your needs , and your top-and bottom-line beforiband so you are
much clearer in your communicating skills
3、 Come prepared with all necessary diocuments and agreements
4、 Maintain the formality/informality set by the meeting chairperson
5、 Greet and treat everyone with respect
6、 Remember the likeability f\actor (like likes like ). If the oppising side likes you , you stand
a much better chance of achieving your gals within reason , However , don't make that your
primary goal .
7、 Keep your emotions in check .The other side will try to make you lose your cool to gain the
controlling edge ,
8、 Don't be greedy ; work toward a win-win result .
John says:
1、 Handshakes are the univerwally accepted buiness greeting . Hugs and kisses are taboo in the
business arena .
2、 Aproper handshake is firm , but not bone-crushing; it lasts about 3 seconds ; it is released
after the shakde ,even if the introduction comtinues and it includes good eye contact with the other
person .
3、 Extend a band when weeting someone for the first time or greeting your bost
(bostess),greefting guests , saying good-bye to people at a gathering or when someone else
extends a hand .
4、 Avoid giving a cold , wet handshake by keeping your drink in the left hand .
Jerry says :
1、 Stan in line . No butting in or swimming against the tide to speed your journey
throuhg .Think of it as a great time to chat with the people in line and establish contacts
2、 Never complain about the line , the food or the wait , Others don't need you to put a damper
on their nejoyment of the event
3、 Use serving utensils when you help yourself . Fingers do not count as serving utensils
4、 Never ever take any thing from a serning plate and stick it directly into your mouth .
Norshould you start eating from your plate while still in line, Wait until you retum to your table ,
5、 You can return several times (more opportunities to meet more people !)but never fill your
table .
6、 Try to eat your courses in some acceptable order . It's unappetizing for others to look at a
plate filled with oysters , salad , roast beef and chocolate nousse all at the same time .
7、 Remember that any business dining experience is never about the food; it is always about
business
Tom says :
1、 Listen before jumping into a conversation . You may not want to deal with those people .
2、 Make eye contact with one pereson in the group ,smile and listen until they include you
3、 Introduce yourself when there is a pause in the conversation
4、 If you have something relevant to add to a group's conversation , jump in , then introduce
yourself afterward
5、 To initiate a conversation , you can talk about the situation , talk about yourself , or talk about
the other person .
6、 Avoid taboo topics sluhc as off-color or discriminatory jokes , personal relationships and
sexual proclivities , personal tragediws , cost of anything personal , or speudis as authoriuties ,
7、 Don't blend ; circulate . Spend five to seven minutes eith each person or group
8、 Always remember to close a conversation , Shake hands and take your leave
Caroline says :
1、 Know who will be there and what business they represent
2、 Decide what you want to gain from this event and go for it
3、 Decide the number of comtacts you want to make . Go for quality of contacts rather than
numbers
4、 Prepare a 14-second commercial about what you do . People will remember you better
5、 Place your name tag on the right shoulder . As you shake bands , the eye automatically goes
there
6、 Enter the room eith confidence , observe the climate . and find someone you want to meet
7、 When you arrive , smile . It's the one signal understood by eveyryone
8、 Never think male or female . Think professional
9、 Never park yourself at the bar or at the food table . Get what you want , then circulate
10、
Never offer a cold , wet handshake . Keep your drink in your left hand
11、Be discriminating in handing out your business cards
Part 3
Listen for Facts
Directions :——Look at the ten statements for this part
——You will hear a passage about the magic of the merger . You will listen to the passage twice
——Decede whether you think each statement is right , wrong , or not mentioned
The magic of the merger
1998 was undoubtedly the year of the merger . More companies than ever before joined together
in deals that totaled $2.25 trillion and created the world's largest ever bank and the world's biggest
oil company . Faced with pummeting oil prices , oil giants Exxon and Mobl\il sought to achieve
ceonomies of scale through a $ 250bn merger
There are several factors behind the increase in mergers and qcpuisitions . Firstly , the accelerated
rate of globalization has left companies desperately seeking overseas acquisitions in order to
remain competitive , Deutsche Bank bought its way into the US with its takeover of Bankers
Trust , whilst Siemens hopes that its acpuisition of Matra , the French defense proup , will allow it
go gain access to France's railway business , which is dominated by Alstom . the Anglo-French
consortium.
Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the recor per formance of stock markets ,
which has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share
prices. Earlier this year Vodafone , the UK mobil telehone operator , acquired its US counterpart
AirTouch by making AirTouch shareholders a cash and stock swap offer worth a total of $ 62bh .
The deal created Vodafone AirTouch , the world's largest mobile telecoms group with over 29m
customers
The European banking sector is also meeing a trend towards consolidation , a process accelerated
by deregulation , iover-capacity and the arrival of the single European currency .
New technology is also making it easier for companies to diversify as different industries come to
rely on common technologies . Microsoft , for instance , is busily diversifying into cable and
mobile telecommunications as well as WebTV. The US software giant has a $5bn epuity stake in
AT&T , which recently bought Media One for 457bn . Under the deal , Microsoft will succeed in
introducing its recently-launched cable television software into millions of homes in the US and
UK.
Not all mergers , however , are the result of global economic trends , political change or
techno-logical innovation . BMW's takeover of the Rover Group injected much needed investment
into the st\rugggling UK car manufacturer whilst extending BMW's product range . And when the
UK pharmaceutical firm Zeneca merged with Swedish drug company Astra ,the new company
started lifte with strong combined R&D capabilities ,further stringthened by the world's best
selling drug Losec in its portfolio of products
Part 4
Listen for Details
Directions : Listen to a passage about statistics and finish the foolowing two tasks . You will listen
to the passage twice
Task 1 Indicate which of the altematives ,A ,B or C , is the most appropriate response
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only once
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use
What to Do with Statistics ?
Most statistics aren't worth the paper they are written on .It has been said that 65% of all statistics
are of no value whatsoever ; that 30% are outright misleading; that only 5% are blth valid and
valuable ; and that this statement itself probably falls within the first category . Yet , as anyone
who works in the modenm organization knows , we are all neck deep in statistics and they will not
to away , What to do ? It is tempting to ignore all statistical data since so muhc of it is useless ,
However , without valid data and measurements regarding the work process , it becomes very
difficuly , if not impossible , to make effective deciseons , Therefore , a good manager mnust do
two things : work to eliminate the waste involved in accumulating and analyzing invalid data m,
and create systems to generate valid , understandable data that can be used iffectively in the
decision making process.
Data must meet three criteria , It must be valid , understandable , and helpful , If the data fails on
any one of these three criteria , it is a waste of time to collect it , If the data isn't valid , it's worse
than useless-it's misleading . If the data isn't understandable , it's worthless-no matter how valid
and potentially helpful it could be . If the data isn't helpful , it is again useless-even though it may
be valid and easy to understand . These three criteria must be applied sys tematically to weed out
the bulk of statistics so that there is time to focus upon the meaningful information that can be
obtained .
Unit Eight
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions : You will hear eight sentences . In each sentence there is an ordinal numbder . Listen
carefully and write down the numbers in the blanks .
1、 James comes in the twelfth in the game .
2、 Sit in the 11th row , please .
3、 Miss Julia lives on the 14th floor.
4、 Mr . Smith came to China on the 19th of last month
5、 The Yangtze River is the 3rd longest rivcer in the world
6、 We are going to learn the Twelfth Lesson next week .
7、 The Olympic Games started in the 5th century B . C.
8、 China is the 4th largest country in the world
Task 2
Directions : You will hear the following passage . Listen carefully and write down the ordinal
numbers in the blanks .
The Ten Best Digital Workplaces
TIME listed 10 companies in a cariety of industries that provide the best digital workplaces 2001 .
The first is CISCO Systems Inc . engaging in Internedt networking with 31.000 employees .The
second is Trinity Coimmunications engaging in marketing with 70 employees . The third is
Razorfish engaging in E-business consulting with 1,800 employees . The fourth is SAS Instiute
dealing with software design with 4,000 employees . The fifth is Charles Schwab dealing with
investment services with 13,192 employees , The six is Diamond Technology Partners Ine .
engaging in E-commerce services with 800 employees . The eighth is Intel Corp . engaging in
computer components and communications networds with 70.000 empoy ees . The ninth is Dell
Computer Corp . engaging in computer systems and technology with 35,800 employees . The
tenth is Oracle Corp . engaging in database software with 21,000 employees .
Task 3
Directions : Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape . You will listen to the passage twice .
Too Old at 30
I'm contemplating applying for my fifty-first job . It's been a long time since I wasted stamp
money this way . In fact , when I reached the fiftieth without success I decided to abandon
job-hunting and got out my pen to scratch a living instead .
But there's another wildly exciting job in the paper today , “salary 22,500-26,250 according to age
and experience” . The good news is the pay ; the bad news is that damning little phrase
“ac-cording to age and experience ,” which means I won't get the job .
It's not that I have more age than experience-I've led an incident-packed existence . Unfortunately
it's not all related to a single-strand career structure . Journalist , temporary , company director ,
wife and mather , market researhcer , and now , at thirty-something , I'm trying to use my
Cambridge degree in crimiology .
I'm a cictim of the sliding pay-scale .Employers can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a
lot cheaper than me . Yet I'm the ideal employee : stable ,good-humored , child-bearing behind me ,
looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment.
Ageism is everywhere. It's much more prevalent than sexism in the job market , or that's how it .
seems from where I'm standing . Even the BBC is a culprit . Ageism is lagging behind
sexism,racism , and handicappism because even the oppressed seem to accept the discrimination .
The public and private sectos are obsessed with attracting young high-flyers . Yet there are many
professions that . would benefit from the maturity and stability the older entrant can bring .
Part 2
Listen for Main Ideas
Directions : You will hear six people debating about TV . Before you listen , quickly go over the
list of statements , six of which are summaries of their arguments . Then listen carefully and match
the statements (a-h) with the speakers' names respectively . There are two extra statements that
you don't need to use . You will hear the debate twice .
For or Against TV
Paul Brunner :
My nsme is Paul Brunner . Two years ago we moved to a new house and never ordered cable
service . As ew live in a valley in Livermore , CA, we cannot watch any TV as the reception is
poor . This is one of the best things that have ever happened to us ; we play with our young
children every night ; my wife and I each started our own businesses ; we read volumes and we
read to the kids every night , I laughed recently at an article in the local paper praising a family
who did family active-ties every Friday night and ignored the TV one night per week . This is a
big deal ?
Karen Backmann
I am Karen Backmann, Do you believe in burning books ? Libraries offer a large selection of
books , come really bad , others wonderful , Do we demand then that all libraries be closed due to
the bad ones ? TV is of a similar nature , I believe , There are tons of really bad stuff on television
but there are good programs too , some just light fun entertainment and others highly educative
and infor-mative , mative . Like walking through a library and choosing a good book so one must
select TV programs , Instead of blaming TV for violence or whatever else we can think of
violence or whatever else we can think of perhaps we should learn to make choices and be
responsible for them .
Tom Hunter :
Hey . I'm Tom Hunter . TV rules the world and there's nothing you can do about it . There're more
people who own a TV than you have skin cells . TV rules the ultimate source for entertainment in
the world . And I am the ultimate defender of that invention called the television . And I don't lide
when people like you , thinking they actually have a firm grip on society , think they can change
things , You really think your anti-TV web site makes a difference ? If so ,you're dead wrong !
The new era is here . We are at a new millennium , the TV millennium . TV is a way of life .
Maiko Covington :
I'm Maiko . I want to watch what happens outside my own window , with my own eyes . and talk
to ym neighbors about what is toing on in ym own city . I want to go sit in at the city council
LIVE-I can't watch it on TV broadcast , there would be no way for wm to stand up and speak at
the meeting . I want to walk around outside and watch the seasons changing , see things in actual
three dimensions without all the wacky camera work , and I want to make my own images for the
songs I hear .
Alfonso Gorjon Corral :
I'm Alfonso , Well , I just bad to do a research about TV and communications and I found out
about this page surfing on the net . I think that you are exaggerating this subject about television ,
Television is one of the most important ways f communication in this that happen in our time .
Maybesometimes it is used to persuade some people to buy siomething or even to influence them
to do something . But if we use it well , it is a very easy way of mass communications .
Techina Bradley
I am Tezhina Bradley . I feel that over the past twenty-thirty years , television has become a very
narrow eindow , full of young , usually white people living in fabulous New York apartments or
married couples living in fabulously large bouses in the suburbs , And people act on that reality ,
There are people struggling to have a bouse that looks as good as the ones on television soap
operas , who think that all black people are funny , and expect to see Dennis Franz arristing some
“crock” in the middle of New York . I won't lie and say that I don't watch some television but I
realize that television is not reality , The sad thing is that some people don't know that .
Part 3 Listen for Facts
Directions :——Look at the ten statements for this part
——You will hear a passage about the history of money in the U.S.You will listen to the passage
twice .
——Decide whether you think each statement is right , wrong , or not mentioned .
History of Money in the U.S.
Money os a fact of life ,it always has been . So as long as there has been an America , there have
been many different kinds of currency .
So you think carrying change in your pocket could be a pain ? How about lugging around strings
of beads made from the clam shells ? That is precisely what native American tribes had to do .
These beaded shells , called wampum , were the most common form of money in North America .
What are the original American bucks ? To fiance the American Revolution , Congress authorized
the first printing of currency by the new republic , But without the strong financial backing of gold
or silver , the Continevtals quickly devalued and were soon worthless-thus the expriddion , “not
worth a continental “.
Pressde to finance the Civil War , the US government resumed printing paper currency for the first
time since it issued Continentals , The name itself , a reference to its color, has become as muhc a
part of Americana as apple pie , In addition to its new color , “greenbacks” ivcorporated a more
complex design , including a Treasury Seal , fine-line engraving and various security measures ,
Curriently the $100 bill is the largest currency note in circulation . The largest bill ever circulated
in the United States is the $10.000 bill ,which features the face of Salmon P. Chase ,who was Abe
Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury , If you have one , you can spend it , but most of them are in
museums these days .
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions : Listen to a passate about American consumers and finish the following teo gasks , You
will listen to the passage twice ,
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives ,A , B or C , is the most appropriate response.
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct ansewr for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only once .
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use .
What American Consumers Like
People in the mass advertising business and others who study American society have been very
interested in this question : What does the American consumer like ?Max Lerner , a well-known
scholar who has studied American society , has said that American consumers are particularly
fond of three thinga : comfort , cleanliness , and vovelty .
Lerner believes that the American love of comfort goes back to the frontier experience , where life
was tough and there were very few comforts , This experience may have created a strong desire in
the pioneers and their children for goods that would make life more comfortable . Today , the
Americans' love of comfort is seen in the way they furnish their homes , design their cars m and
travdl . How Americans choose a new mattress for their bed os an example of the American love
of comfort , Many Americans will go to a store where beds are set up , and they will lie down on
seversl mattresses to see which one is the most comfortable .
Cleanliness is also highly valued by Americans , There is a string emphasis on keeping all parts of
the body clean, and Americans see lots of TV commercials for soap , shampoo,deodorants , and
mouthwash , Perhaps the Puritan heritage has played some role in the desire for cleanliness .The
Puritans , a strict Protestant church group who were among the first settlers of America , stressed
the need to cleanse the body of dirt and of all evil tendencies,suhc as sexual desire , The saying
“Cleanliness is next to Godliness” reflefts the belief of most Americans that it is important to keep
not only their bodies but also their clothes , their bouses , their cars , and even their pets clean and
smelling good , Indeed, many Americans are offended by anyone who does not follow their
accepted standards of cleanliness .
Along with cleanliness and comfort , Americans love having things that are new and different ,
Perhaps this love of vovelty comes from their pride in their inventiveness , Americans bave
always been interested in inventing new products and improning old ones , They like to see
changes in cars , clothing ,and products for the home , Advertisements encourage people to get rid
of old products and tyr new ones , whether the old ones still work or not . And if they can affiord
to buy something now , advertisers encourage consumers to charge it on a ctedit card ,
In addition to the three quakities that Lerner mentions , there is a foruth quality that American
consumers like very much-convenience .During the last 40 years , there has been a dramatic
increase in such labor-saving devices as automatic washing machines , clothes dryers ,
dishwashers , food processors , microwave ovens , garbage disposals , and power lawn mowers ,
Today , all of these , and many more , are found in a typical suburban home , These labor-saving
devices are designed to reduce the time spent on housework . However, the time that Americans
save is quickly spent on other activities .
Unit Nine
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions : You will hear eight fractional numbers. Listen carefully and write them down in the
blanks.
1. one third
2. four fifths
3.thirteen over twenty-three
4.one half
5. two and two sevenths
6. nine sixteenths
7. eleven and one eighth
8.one
hundredth
Task 2
Directions : You will hear ten sentences. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with what you hear.
1. He usually gets up at 8:00, but today he got up at 7:15 in the morning .
2. As many as 283 students signed up for the e-business course , but only two thirds were
accepted.
3. Asia has a population of 3,400 million; that's about 9/16 of the whole world population.
4. The towers of the World Trade Center were 405 meters high and each had 110 floors .
5. In Jan. 1972 the Open University began its first class over the radio and on TV.
6. To reserve seats , call the Student Union at 624-5783.
7. The train to Shanghai leaves from Platform 4 at 12:34.
8. I just bought this coat at a sale; I paid only $ 248.37.
9. Australia is a country in the South Pacific with an area of 7, 682,300 square kilometers .
10. Miss Nancy lives in Room 1209, Beijing Hotel ,extension 3864.
Task 3
Directions : Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
Late Payers Can Kill a Business
Managing cash-flow in the everyday sense is about making sure you have money coming in to
finance the costs of the goods and services you are producing .
If you're a small business , the chances are that for every $100 you owe ,others owe you $155 .
What's more , you're probably waiting up to 12 weeks to get paid , It's not right , some business
people have very definite ideas about what should be done to make things fairer .
Improving credit control can make a world of difference to your business protects. Profit is good ,
but It's cash that pays the wages.
So here are 5 tips to help you get what's due to you
1. ASSESS the credit risk of every customer and assign a credit limit to them before any goods
are supplied . Trade and bank references should always be taken up before accepting a customer
on credit terms ,
2. STATE the credit terms clearly on each invoice .
3. ASK for a percentage of the involve value in advance as protection against bad debt .
4. TRY credit insurance if credit checks do not come up to standard , It's not always available ,
but it can provide up to 100 per cent cover on approved debts , guaranteeing payment by a
specified date .
5. THINK about using debt collection agencies for smaller debts . Agency fees , usually based
on a percentage , are only payable if the debt is successfully recovered .
Part 2
Listen for Main Ideas
Directions : You will hear a weather report . Before you listen , quickly to over the list of
statements , four of which are summaries of some of the facts in the report , Then listen carefully
and match the statements (a-f) with the regions , There are two extra statements that you don't
need to use , You will hear the report twice .
Weather Report
West :
A very strong ridge of high pressure aloft will allow much of the West to babe in extreme heat .
Many places in California's Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys may exceed 110 degrees ! Even
the san Francisco Bay area will see temperatures around 90 degrees . Thunderstorms may again
blossom in portions of the Southwest , mainly over the mountains
Midwest :
Resident s of the Midwest will have to deal with a variety of weather on Wednesday. A disturbance
aloft will keep scattered thunderstorms in the forecast from the Northern Plains through Missouri ,
On the other hand , folks from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River will feel cooler and less humid
conditions .
South:
A cold front will sweep through the Northeast overnight and it will only sag slowly southward .
The result will be showers and thunderstorms on Wednesday from Kentucky and Tennessee to
southern Virginia and North Carolina , Some of these thunderstorms may produce heavy rain and
gusty winds .Elsewhere , scattered showers and thunderstorms will linger over southern Teas and
Florida
Northeast :
Residents of the Northeast will enjoy some of the best weather in the nation on Wednesday . The
heat and rain of Tuesday will be replaced by cooler temperatures and less humid conditions ,
Highs will only reach the 60s in Northern New England . This pleasant spell of weather will last
right throgh Friday .
Part 3
Listen for Facts
Directions : ——Look at the eight statements for this part
——You will hear a passage about credit card history . You will listen to the passage twice .
——Decide whether you think each statement is right . wrong , or not mentioned .
Credit Card History
The concept of credit cards began just before World War I ,in 1914 , when Western Union
provided a deferred-payment service to its most sound customers , It wasn't until 1980 that Diners
Clubissued the first real “card” .This card could be used in a number of different locations .
Quickly the idea caught on and within about a year , banks began providing cards to their
customers ,and merchants began accepting them for payment . These early cards required payment
in full within a short period of time , usually less than 90 days The income possibilities soon
became apparent to the bankers ,The financial institutions could simply extend the repayment
time , attach an interest rate and overnight , a new profit center for New York's Franklin National
Bank, in 1951, had introduced the first modern credit card to its customers .
Before 1970, the concept was being quickly accepted , Consumers and the issuing banks were
feeling that one bank , one card was not enough , Bank of America solved this by entering into
licensing agreements with banks outside California allowing them to issue Bank Americard and
inter change transactions among the licensees ,
In order to increase usage , a bank card association was started which would change the name to
one which was not linked with any one bank , In 1977 , the Visa name was adopted , a member
ship corporation was formed , and Visa , USA was started , At the same time , three different
groups of banks that were not franchisees of Bank of America began activities that would later
merge to become today's MasterCard International .
Part 4
Listen for Details
Directions : Listen to a passage about tariff barrier and finish the following two tasks , You will
listen to the passage twice .
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives , A , B, or C , is the most appropriate response .
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only
once .There is one extra letter that you do not need to use .
Tariff Barriers
In today's world , trade barriers in international trade are still widespread . Trade barriers usually
consist of tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers , Tariffs are sometimes justified on the grounds that
they protect domestic employment and wages , help create the competition to domestic products in
the world market ,and protect domestic industries
A tariff is simply a tax or duty levied on a product when it crosses national boundaries , In general ,
tariffs can be divided into an import tariff and an export tariff , The most widespread tariff is the
import tariff , which is a tax levied on an imported product . Ales common tariff is an export tariff,
which is a tax imposed on an exported product , For example , oil exports have been taxed by
organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in order to raise revenue by controlling
the Supply and increasing the price of oil in the world market.
There are three types of, specific tariff, ad valor tariff and compound tariff, A specific tariff is of a
faced amount of money per physical unit of the imported product. An ad valor tariff is expressed
as a raced percentage of the value of the imported product. A compound ratify is a combination of
a specific and an ad Valier Tariff.
Specific tariff is relatively easy to apply and administer, particularly to standardized commodities
and staple products. Ad valor tariff can he applier to products with a wide range of grade
variations. Compound tariff is compound duties that are applied to manufactured products
embodying raw materials that are subject to tariffs.
Unit Ten
Part 1 Listen for Missing information
Task 1
Directions: You will hear two short compensations. Listen carefully and complete the following
tables
Conversation one
A: B&D Can I help you?
B: Yes, is, Mr. harries in? HA R RI S harries
A: afraid he is not. Who is calling please?
B: This is clement soar from limo do you know when he will he back?
A: no Idea. Maybe you can leave a message.
B: I'd rather talk to him in person. It's something rather urgent.
A: Oh maybe you an try his in person . The number is 13902249376
B: I've tried but his mobile phone was off all the time.
A: Then what can I do for you?
B: Look, in case he comes back, would you please tell him to call me back?
A: Sure. What's your number please?
B: it's 8743928
A: And how do hour spell your name?
B: Clement Oscar. That's C-L-E-M-N-T, clement and O-S-C-A-R, Oscar.
A: Let me just make a note All right, I've tell name as soon as I see him
B: teak you very much
A: You're welcome.
Conversation Two
A: I'd like to make a credit call to Toronto.
B: Will you give new the credit card number?
A: Yes it is 15F670.
B: Right
A: What number are you calling?
B: oll-416-2548. who world you like to talk to?
A: David Lin.
B: How do you spell that?
A: D-A-V-I-D David, L-I-N- Lin.
B: All right. May I have you number?
A: This is Chicago 339-5362
B: Thank you. We'll call you back in 30 minutes.
Task 2
Directions: Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you heart on
the tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
Semco
Workers come and to as they please. They make vital decisions previously made by the bosses.
Secretaries have been abolished the assembly line has been abandoned, as have economies of
scale like buying comports in bulk Quarter of employees fix their own salaries and soon everyone
one will The workers decide how much of the profits to share and how much to invest. Employees
reorganize there are encouraged to work from home or set up their own small companies
Employees reorganize their factories and choose new sites for development central companies
Employees reorganize their factories and choose new of umbel Cesar filing cabinets Memos must
be confined to one page there are no controls ore expenses or business travel there is a reception
desk gut no receptionist the boss doesn't even have his own desk and has to make his own tea.
The company sect, located in Sao pale grail makes pumps dishwashers and cooling units it has
been crawled over be the media and hundreds of curious corporations including 150 of the Fortune
top 500 companies in the US Saco has increased profits fivefold to nearly $3 million on sales
approaching $ 30 million. It exports 23 per cant of output. Productivity has risen sevenfold and the
company I surd of debt.
Part 2 Listen for main ideas
Directions: You will hear a short speech. a short speech. Before you listen, listen, quickly go offer
the list of statements, four of which are summaries of the reasons. There listen carefully and match
the statements(a-f) with the reasons(1-4) respectively. There are two extra statements that you
don't need to use you will hear the speech twice.
Why Do postgraduate students need on line resources?
The major for postgraduate programs have been books periodicals, newspapers government
publications etc which are printed resources there is also some information on microfilm but they
are just different forms of printed forms of printed resources.
Even now most resources are primed materials However in recent years manor and more resources
huge genome available on line and this tea end wall continue there are also cod rooms and
microfiche or microfilms that cover a grit deal of information
Why are on line resources increasing so rapidly? there are several reassumes first you can spread
information though various mailing lists to an almost unlimited of people who might be interested
in it you can get information from other members of the mailing listen you can search for
information using search engines or use telnet tousle other computers to search for information.
Second you can ask questions and obtain answer this response might tale only a few minutes or a
few hours. You can discuss your interests wit people who have similar interests or who age
working with you.
Third you use not only letters but also sounds pictures or even or at a nearly library the internet is
a borderless world, and yucca communicate and exchanged information with people on the other
side of the worked as if you sitting next to them.
Thus, the internet has made the world one huge library, any can search for information you need
throughout the world wary quickly As long as you use the internet you and use most resources not
it free of catharses on the internet already and they are increasing very rapidly.
Part 3 Listen for Facts
Directions: ——Look at the none statements for this part.
——You will hear a passage about the usefulness of the internet you will listen to the
passage twice.
——Decide whether you think each statement is right worn or not mentioned
The Usefulness of the internet
What will people use the internet for ? shopping and banking will big growth areas Henley
predicts that from under 1%of all purchases today it will account for 6.4% of purchases within
four years amounting to 42 billion sales have already started with dry goose width as books and
CDs and as people learn to trust it , will move onto regular purchases such as food Iceland the
supermarket chain began computer shopping teals two weeks sago and has already signed up at
least 15,000 customers ranging from busy executives to the housebound when it links when it
links up with digital television lice land aspects to double that immediately yet internet-linked
televisions and phones may be only the start one potential breakthrough is Bluetooth , named
artery a 10th century Danish king famed for his teen front wilt and uniting warring factions in
Denmark and Norway the modern blue tooth for his rotten front tooth and uniting warring flacons
in Denmark and orgy Danish ding fanned for his rote front tooth and uniting is warring factions in
Denmark and Norway, the modern blue tooth allows an unlikely array if machines to talk to ea chi
other, so that aphonic tucked away in a briefcase can remember to send oat a signal that surname
on a video machine 50 mills away, swathes on the heating or starts the cooker cars offices and
ketches wall all speak to each other.
The most significant impact, however, will be in the way we work Adrian Hereford director of
millennial projects at BT, predicts it will encourage more people to work at home. “people have
talked about telecommuting for years, but at malt it makes economic sense. Manti offices will turn
into touch-down centers, where people will only occasionally call in, this is already the case for
one in five at BT he said.
Part 4 Listen for details
Directions: Listen to a passage about a dangerous trip and finish the following two lacks. You will
listen to the passage twice,
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives, A, B, or C, I she most appropriate response .
Task 2 Choose from A-G the correct answer for each of the items(1-6). Use the letters only
once..
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use
A Dangerous Trip
My trip to a resort in Haiti began at new yolk's la guardian airport two weeks attire my fourteenth
birthday all the people going to the tested had congregated the check in counter while waiting
around I met inns Rivera and kalian Clarke who would beer passengers on the doomed plane and
Delia's daughter Krista Anna was concerned about how she could get malaria pills.
I had great time during my week in Haiti, waterskiing, swimming and sustaining thins I don't get
to do much in New York City. During the week, the Haitians went on strike a number of times of
protest against the government. At the end of the week, American Airlines, am which we were
supposed to fly, canceled all flights to and from Haiti indefinitely beaus of the political unrest.
The resort gave those of us who were supposed to fly home Saturday a choice: either stay in the
village for free until the airline restored service, or go by chartered airplane to Santo Domingo. in
the Dominican republic, and catch a connecting flight from there I wanted to stay since I was
having such a good time and there would be a July forth celebration, but my father decided that
we should get out of the country while we still could .
Tee next day July 4, twelve guests gathered to wait for the bus. As it turned out, we wouldn't be
leaving for another two hours, soy took the opportunity to sunbathe and go for a last dip in the
pool. Finally the bus arrived , and I said goodbye to the friends I'd made.
At the airport the plane never came, due to engine trouble. Finally, the resort chart four small
planes, and a few hours later, four of us Delia Clarke, Anna Rivera, nay father, and I boarded the
last of then it was a dint looking plane, a Cessna, with only three rows of seats. Delia was slim and
pretty with short brown hair she told me she'd lost seventy pounds a few years before. Anna was
also nice looking she was going home to New York.
We took off at 8:36pm it was soon after that my dad looked out window and noticed the stars were
all wrong. From the location of the Big Dipper and other stars, he could tell that we were going
west toward Cuba as opposed to east, toward Santo Domingo he asked Anna ,who spoke Spanish
to ask the pilot why we were going the wrong direction, but she was reluctant she didn't want to
question authentic I don't know why I didn't use my Spanish to question him myself the plane
was getting cold; but I went to sleepy for two nouns , during which time I have been tolled, we
continued going 180degrees in the wrong direction .
When I woke up I noticed that we were over water, with no land in sight the lights o the wings
were not functioning properly they stared and stopped and then stopped and then stopped
altogether. Most of the instruments on the dashboard were not lit up. The pilot was saying
“Mayday! Mayday!” into the radio. Anna cried, “We're going to crash!” I started looking
desperately for my life my life jacket behind and under the seat, but I couldn't find it . Anna found
hers. Delia did not. The last thing I saw the pilot doing was tossing his life jacket to my father,
who gave it to me and then pulled me on his lap. The plane circled three times around and soul
tanker and began the swift descent, gliding toward the sea …..
Unit Eleven
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions : You will hear the names of some countries' capitals. Listen carefully and write them.
1 . Paris is the capital of France.
2. Madrid is the capital of Spain.
3. Thailand's capital is Bangkok.
4. Rome is the capital of Italy.
5. Brussels is the capital of Belgium.
6. Brussels is the capital of Germany.
7. Moscow is the capital of Russia.
8. Ankara is the capital of Turkey.
9. Canberra is the capital of Australia.
10. Cairo is the capital of Egypt.
Task 2
Directions: You will hear ten sentences. There is a port name sin each sentence. Listen carefully
and write down the numbers in the blanks.
1. There is a well-known port in Holland; it is Amsterdam.
2. Antwerp is a port of Belgium.
3. Auckland is pa port is New Zealand.
4. Bombay is the largest port in India.
5. Barcelona is the northeast Port of Spain.
6. Hong Kong is an important port in China.
7. The port of Vancouver is in Canada.
8. Plymouth is a very important port in Britain.
9. The important port of Alexandria is in Egypt.
10. Australia has an important port, Sydney.
Task 3
Directions: Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
Developing New Energy Projects
With the soaring need of the domestic market for clean energy, China has decided to
develop new and recyclable energy by international cooperation in the next then year's Fifty-nine
new projects were presented to foreign counterparts.
As one of the world's biggest energy users China settled the problem of a “lack of energy”,
which had hindered economic development for many years.
In recent years, China adapted more policies and measures to encourage the use of mew energy.
Some specialists have thought that, although china has achieved great advances in researching
new energy, the ratio of usage its still kept low which means a potential` marker for foreign in
vectors.
Since the 1980s, china has opened its energy market slowly and attracted a large number of
overseas investors. The first cooperating fields covered solar emery, large-sized wind power,
oceanic power, and hydrogen power technology.
“Plan to build strategic relationship in the recycling energy field.” Sponsored by the World Bank
and the Global Environmental Fund, selected china s as the first country.
Part 2 Listen for Main ideas
Task 1
Directions: You will hear a short speech abort the communicative style of Americans. Before you
listen, quickly go over the list of phrases, five of which are summaries of the generalizations made
by the author Then listen carefully and match the phrases (a-g) with the generalizations (1-5)
respectively. There are two earth phrases that you don't need to use. You will hear the speech
twice.
Communicative style of Americans
In his book, the Handbook OF foreign student advising, Gary althea identifies five generalizations
about the communicative style of Americans.
The frost generalization is sometimes referred to as “small talk”. Americans prefer to talk about
the weather, sports, jobs, mutual acquaintances, and past experiences, especially ones in common
with their conversation partner. A few topics are almost forbidden. These consist of personal
income the price of an item unless it is volunteered and the age of an older adult.
The second refers to the kind of conversation between Americans in which participants take turns
speaking frequently and usually after each has spoken only a few sentences. These consist of
presume income, the price of an item unless it is volunteered, and the age of an older adult.
The second refers to the kind of conversation between Americans in which partisans take turns
speaking frequently and usually after each has spoken only a few sentences, No one speaks for
very long at a time, Americans also prefer to avoid arguments. If an argument is unavoidable, it is
carried on in a controlled tome and volume as in any other conversations are kept to a minimum,
basically “How are you” “Fine, how are you”? “Fine”. “Nice to meet you”. Hope I can see you
again.
The third refers to their preference to “small talk”. This usually consists of no personal
conversation with little or no silence breaks taking lace. Silence causes the participants to feel
uncomfortable.
The fourth generalization refers to the way they express themselves. The American ideal is to e
somewhat verbally adept, to speak in moderate tomes and to use few gestures.
The final generalization refers to the exactness of their opinions. Americans, taught in the
scientific method of understanding the world, look for specific facts and physical or quantifiable
evidence to support their viewpoints.
Task 2
Directions: You will heat an interview between professor Jill London and Correspondent Larry
King Before you listen, quickly go over the list of statements, four of which are summaries of
professor London's answers. Then listen carefully and match the abatements (a-f) with the
questions (1-4) respectively. There are two tree statements you don't need to use. You will hear the
interview twice.
Motivating Employees to Work Harder
King: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to our interview program. I am Larry king
Tonight our guest is professor Jill London.
King: Professor London, in your book you say that increases in salary, more fringe benefits and
promotions are no longer the things that people want most in their jobs. You say that these things
don't really motivate people to work harder the way they did in the past. My first question: what
sorts of things do motivate workers these days?
London: Workers today look for more personal satisfaction in a job. They want to enjoy their work
and feel proud about what they do. They want their bosses to treat them better, and they want to
participate more in management discussions. Motivating workers is no longer as simple as it was
in the past. More money or more fringe benefits just isn't enough anymore. Some workers won't
even accept promotions that are offered to them.
King: Ok. My second question: why wouldn't a person what to accept a promotion?
London: Well maybe they don't want all the problems and pressures of being a supervisor or a
manager. Maybe they like what they're doing, and don't think they would be as happy in the new
position. Or maybe a promotion means leaving a town and friends they like and they don't want to
leave. There are several reasons why a person might not accept a promotion. People today think
about what will make them happiest, not just what pays more.
King: Now, my third question. What has caused this change in the way people think and feel
about their work?
London: Two things: people have a higher level of education these days and enjoy a much higher
standard of living than in the past. Sixty years ago, during the Great Depression, people were
happy just to
have a job, Many people did not have jobs and did not have food to eat or a place to sleep as a
result. It's no longer as nard to survive in this society. Almost everyone can find some kind of job.
And nobody needs to worry about having food to eat or a place to sleep even if they're not
working. Today if a person doesn't like his job, he'll simply quit and try to find a better one.
Workers these days want more than just money from a job. Like I said before, they want some
personal satisfaction.
King: Um…My final question: how can managers get people to work harder and be more
productive?
London: Well, one way is to give workers more of a chance to participate in management
decisions that concern them
King: For example?
London: For example, managers can ask employees to help the work schedule and when they will
take vacations. Many companies are including workers in management discussions and asking
them to help on planning committees. And an increasing number of companies offer employees at
all levels a chance to participate in profit sharing and stock dividend plans. All these things make
the employees work harder, because they want to see their company do better.
Part 3
Listen for Facts
Directions:——Look at the ten statements for this part.
——You will heat a passage about e-business. You will listen to the passage twice.
——Decide whether you think each statement is right, wrong, or not mentioned.
What Is E-business?
The web is changing every aspect of our lives, but no area is undergoing as rapid and significant a
change as the way businesses operate. Today companies large and small are using the Web to
communicate with there partners, transform their order processing systems and transact commerce,
This is e-business where the strength and reliability of traditional information technology meet the
internet.
E-business isn't about reinventing your business, It's about streamlining your current business
processes to improve operating efficiencies, which in turn will strengthen the value you provide to
your customers-value that cannot be generated by any other means, and value that will give you a
serious advantage over the competition.
The concept of customer self-service is central to e-business. Analyzing past customer behavior
enables an e-business to personalize its offerings and to anticipate customer wants and needs.
Providing quality order systems. Theses systems give customers controlled the access to the data
they need. In other words, not only are you managing your relationship with your customers, but
also giving them the tools to manage their relationship with you.
No aspect of e-business has attracted more attention than e-commerce .The ability to offer goods
and services over the web has already had a remarkable impact. Last year, for instance, over $750
million tickets were sold over the Web. By using e-commerce solutions, companies can present
their goods more effectively, take orders and invoice online, automate customer account enquiries
and handle transactions. Not only does these mean improved margins for you, but it also means
your customers receive the faster, more responsive service they demand.
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions: Listen to a passage about American business and finish the following passage twice.
Task 1 Indicate which of the following, A, B or C, is the most appropriate response.
Task 2 Choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4). Use the letters only once.
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.
American Business in the Global Marketplace
Fifty rears ago, the operation of American business took place almost entirely in the United States.
In the 1990s this is no logger true. American business has become a part of a much larger global
economy. In the 1950s, someone who bought a car from the General Motors Corporation Knew
that the entitle carwash built in the United States. In the 1990s, however if a person spent $ 3,500
to Japan for advanced parts, $1,500 to remand for design and styling, $800 to Singapore and Japan
for data processing.
The United States is the single largest market in the world: a computer society looking for goods
from all over the world, it is also a county with products to sell, and much attention is being given
to competing successfully in the global market of the 21st century The United States cannot
compete with the abundant supply of cheap labor that exists in the countries of the Pacific Rim
and Latin America; therefore, many U S companies are moving their manufacturing operations to
Asia or Latin America. In the 1990s, the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) treaty
joined Canada, the United States, and Mexico as trading partners and Created new opportunities
and new become more efficient and competitive The auto industry that many were ready of
pronounce dead has revived and is flourishing. American business now understands that it must
e highly efficient if it is to compete successfully in the global marketplace.
Unit Twelve
Part 1 Listen for Missing information
Task 1
Directions: Underline the letter beside the member you hear on the tape.
1. 17, 652, 134 2. 18, 463, 087 3. 56, 012, 934 4. 37, 402, 853
5. 76, 127, 069 6. 201, 648, 329 7. 138, 604, 265 8. 2, 024, 378 625
Task 2
Directions: You are going to hear eight short conversations Listen carefully and write down the
missing words.
1.——The concert starts at 8:30
——We still have 15 minutes.
2.——This handkerchief costs $9.20.
——I only have $7.05.
3.——When will the celebration be held?
——On the 26th of April.
4.——Where does Mary live?
——She lives in the Hilton HOTEL room 5718
5.——I'd like 2 airmail stamps and 7 regular stamps, please.
——Here you are That will Be $5 and 17 cents
6.—— How are the sales of automobiles this year in china?
——The sales reached 219,000 a rise of 6.2%
7.——How many students passed the English test yesterday?
——About 2/5 failed.
Task 3
Directions : Listen carefully to the following passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
Policies in the Development Process
My interest has been primarily in a series of interrelated policies in the development process.
There are four sets of these policies Let new explain them briefly.
First, there are the macroeconomic policies. Monetary Policy refers to money and credit, money
supplies as well as policies on interest rates and on domestic credit expansion Fiscal policy refers
to budgets taxes and spending aural uses and deficits of major movement entities, including the
central government
The second set of policies is trade and commercial policies-tariffs, non-tariff barriers arch as
import controls den licenses, incentives such. As direct subsidies to export or import competing
industries, regulations regarding “quality” or the specifications of goods entering trade, etc.
The third set of policies are those regarding exchange rates and exchange control systems it is
important to realize that the exchange rate can act as a subsidy or tax mechanism.
Finally, though it overlaps in some respects with the first three sets of policies there is the overall
strategy being followed hay the government –sometimes aggressive efforts to promote import
substitution sometimes defeliopment of natural resources. Sometimes promotion of “outward
looking ” policies which emphasize export development chouses about overall strategy both affect
and are affected by the first three policies thus there is am interrelated set of four issues to winch
any government must pay attention.
Part 2 Listen for Main Ideas
Directions: You will hear an interview between Alice Erich reporter and john Pearson writer
Before you listen read the list of statements five of which are summaries of john Pearson's
answers to the questions Then listen carefully and match rue statements (a-g )with the questions
(1-5) respectively There are two extra statements that you do not need to use You will heat the
interview twice.
Writer and soap Maker
Presenter: Alice Erich interviewed john Pearson writer and soap maker Following is part of the
interview.
Alyce Edrich : So you recently just opened a soap making business, why did you transition from
freelance writing to soap making
John Pearson: from While I love writing it was hard for me to continue freelancing because my
income writer. But it paid the bills I wanted time to work on my fiction while still bringing in
some income Samoa making was a perfect home business to do that and to continue expressing
my artistic side as well.
Alyce Edrich : Since you have not given up writing completely how will you use your Writing to
help promote your soap business?
John pearson : By writing copy for nay wag site for press releases etc., I plan on holding at least
one open house a year promoting my business and will use my writing skills for that as well.
Alyce Edrich : What about soap making intrigued you enough to start a business?
John Pearson: I originally got interested in soap making when I write I wrote an article for a local
daily on hooked I bought or bartered for homemade soap from that craft making business She
gave me a few bars of her soap and I was hooked I bought or bartered for homemade soap from
that time on but was always intrigued at the thought of making my own I began researching the
craft making a few experimental batches here and there and in January of this year went into
business.
Alyce Edrich: if you'll notice most commercial “soap ”isn't labeled as soap it says “deodorant gar”
or “beauty bar ”That's because, under FDA regulations they can't call it soap because it hasn't gone
through the specification process, which is required for soap my soap contains all natural
ingredients including olive coconut and palm oils I uae essential oils when I can which are all
m\natural the only artificial ingredient in my soaps is techs small amount of fragrance oil used to
give the soap its scent I also make unscented soap for these who might get sensitive to fragrance
John pearson: Kids love my soaps! They are selling very well den people especially love to order
them for party favors I've gotten great feedback on these as well as my regular cold processed
soaps.
Alyce Edrich : Thank you so much for your time !
John Pearson: Thank you, Alice.
Part 3 Listen for Facts
Directions: Look at the nine statements for this part
——You will hear a passage about a talent search competition You will listen to the passage twice
——Decide whether you think each abatement is right wrong or not mentioned
Intel science Talent search
A teen-age girl from the state of Connecticut has won the top prize in the Intel science talent
Search The competition was known as the Westinghouse senesce talent search until nineteen
ninety eight it is the oldest program in the united states that honors the science projects of high
school students the Intel science talent search celebrated its sentient anniversary this year.
The winners receive money for a collate education and a new computer more than one thou
sand five hundred students entered projects for the competition the students were gaiety six states
and the District of Columbia forty nine percent were female and fifty one percent war email their
research projects involved every sea of science including chemistry physics mathematics
engineering social science and biology.
Forty students were invited\d to Washington k c for the final judging by well known scion tests
they judged the students on their research ability and creaky e thinking they also questioned the
students about scientific problems before deciding on the top ten winners.
The first place winner was Mari Angela Isanti of Westport Connecticut she received one nun dared
thousand dollar for there college education her physics project infolded the use of single atoms or
molecules to create electronic devices she developed a new was to measure electrum movement in
to tiny structures.
The second place winner was Nathaniel jay grain of Sacramento California he received aerate five
thousand dollars for his college education for a physics a physic project he developed a methods
for expressing rue strength of specially prepared prepaid glass by describing the super culled
liquid from which it was formed.
The president of Intel Craig Barrett, praised all the finalists as rupture leaders he said their
understanding of science and mathematics is important for making sees of the techno logical
world rode and it is important for making the best decisions in the future.
Part 4
Listen for derails
Directions: Listen of a passage about American family structures and finish the following two
tasks you will listen to the passage twice
Task 1 Indicate which of the alter alternatives, A B or C is the most appropriate response
Task 2 choose from A-E the correct answer for each of the items (1-4) Use the letters only once
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.
Melting pot or sled Bowl
The population of the United states includes a large variety of ethnic groups coming from many
races, nationalities, and religions The process by which these many groups have been made a part
of a common cultural life with commonly shared values is called assimilation. Scholars disagree
as to the extent to which assimilation has occurred in the United states. Some have described the
United states as a “melting pot” where various and ethnic groups have been combined into one
culture. Others are inclined to see the United States as a “salad bowl” where the various groups
have remained somewhat distinct and different from one another, creating a richly diverse country.
The truth probably lies somewhere between these two views. Since 1776,an enormous amount of
racial mad ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United states, yet some groups continues to
feel a strong sense of separateness from the culture as a whole. Many of these groups are really
bicultural. That is, they consider themselves Americans, but they also wish for retain the language
and the cultural traditions of the ir original culture.
People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent before settles arrived from
Europe in the early 1600s. in Florida the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United
states in the late 1700s. Because of their long history and the continued influx of newcomers into
the established communities, many Hispanics, or Latinos, jive taken a special pride in maintaining
their cultural traditions and the use of the spavins language.
Generally speaking, over the years whites from different national and religious backgrounds nave
been gradually assimilated into the larger America culture, with some exceptions. For example,
American Jews are one group of whites who have traditionally retained a strong sense of
separateness from the larger culture. This may be a result of the long history of persecution in
the Christian countries in Europe, the weaker forms of discrimination and anti-Jewish feeling that
exist in the United States, and their own strong feeling of ethnic pride. Yet along with their sense
of separateness, American Jews have a strong sense of being a part of the larger American culture
ion which they have achieved competitive success in almost every field.
Unit Fifteen
Part 1 Listen for Missing Information
Task 1
Directions: You will hear eight sentences. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with what you
near on the tape.
1. I'm Sarah and I work in the sales Department.
2. Yes, that's Susan, who works in the Account Department.
3. Oh, I work for Nixon Computers, in the software Development section
4. I'm James Fox , the Manager's personal assistant.
5. Mr. Bounce, the Managing director is responsible for running the company.
6. The Human Resources is responsible for personnel, training and management development.
7.
Peter smith leads the Management services department.
8. The Marketing and Technical services section is supported by the Regional Manager.
Task 2
Directions: Listens carefully to the following passage and complete the table.
Standard Electronics Company
Hello and welcome to standard Electronics company it is an innovative high-theca electronics
company. I'm Maxwell, the factory Manager in charge of the plant you'll be seeing today. I know
some of you have come a long way so we aim to brief presentation about our company. My talk
will last 7 minutes and I'll be using the flip chart. As you can see, I've divided my presentation into
three maim parts. Firstly, we'll run briefly through the history of the company which wars
established in 1935. secondly I'll tell you something about out main markets-that is important in
understanding the production process. And finally, I'll come to the people-our most important asset.
Ok?
Task 3
Directions: Listen carefully to the following assuages and fill in the blanks with what you hear on
the tape. You will listen to the passage twice.
IMF Financial policies
IMF financial policies govern the modalities for its financial resources. These include:
Reserve Trance policies. A member has a reserve trance position in the IMF which reflects the
reserve assets it has transferred to the IMF and is measured by the extent that its quotes exceeds
the IMF's holdings of its currency. Subject only to balance of payments needs, a member may
draw up to the full amount of its reserve trachea position at any time. This drawing does not
constitute a use of IMF credit. As its reserve position is considered part of the member's foreign
reserves.
Credit Trance policies. Credits under regular facilities are made available to members in trenches
(segments) of 25 percent of quota. For first credit trance drawings, members must demonstrate
reasonable efforts to overcome their balance of payment difficulties, and no phasing applies,
Upper credit trance dressings are normally phased in relation to certain conditions or
“performance criteria.”
Policy on Emergency Assistance, The IMF provides emergency assistance to members to meet
balance of payment needs arising from sudden and unforeseeable natural disasters and in
post-conflict situations. Normally this takes the form of an outright purchase of up to 25 percent of
quota provided that the member is cooperating with the IMF For post-conflict cases, additional
access of up to 25 percent of quota can be provided.
Part 2 Listen for Main ideas
Directions: You will hear some excerpts of editorials in the news, before you listen carefully and
match the titles (a-f) with the excerpts (1-4) There are two extra titles that you don't need to
use .You will near the excerpts twice.
Non-educator as school Chancellor-Editorial Excerpts
Excerpt 1
Former prosecutor with few education credentials may seem to be a surprising if not odd choice as
the New York City schools but the pick was business as usual for mayor Michael R Bloomberg.
In Joel I Klein, who was named chancellor on Monday, the mayo, who Prides himself on what he
says is an outsider ability to choose the right people, has found all of the qualities that he professes
to respect most.
Mr. Klein is an outsider unencumbered by prior alliances in New You City's political world, a man
whose previous role in municipal government was limited to a short as tint as public school
teacher.
Excerpt 2
Perhaps the most remarked –upon characteristic of the New York schools chancellor, Joel I Klein,
is that his career was built not on running a classroom or a school but on running a corporation
and setting antitrust policy in choosing a non –educator for the post, however, Mayor Michael
R Bloomberg puts New York among a growing number of cities that have
Looked outside education for their top education job – and won good results.
Seattle turned to a general. Chicago picked a budget chief. Los Angeles tapped Colorado's for mar
governor. And San Diego selected a former federal prosecutor who served as president as
president Clinton's border czar on drug and immigration issues. Their reasoning was similar: an
urbane school system with a multibillion-dollar budget is larger and more complex than most
corporations and needs the same kind o flexor evidenced manager at the helm.
Excerpt 3
Mr. Bloomberg beliefs that those raised in the corporate culture will do a better job managing the
schools than those trained in schools of education. But since he began putting out this message
with his inauguration speech on January, he has deferred addressing the next logical question.
What exactly will a non-educator chancellor do? What will be his agenda?
Those questions cane up repeatedly yesterday as Mr. Bloomberg announced that he had chosen
Joel I Klein the chairman and chief executive of Bertelsmann inc., the financial and legal arm of
the German media giant and a roomer assistant attorney general in the Clinton administration, as
his chancellor.
Excerpt 4
Joel I Klein, a publishing executive and a lawyer best known for leading the antitrust prosecution
of Microsoft, was appointed yesterday by Mayor Michael R Bloomberg as the first chancellor of
the reconfigured New York public school system.
In announcing his choice for chancellor before his top staff members in the historic Tweed
Courthouse, Mr. Bloomberg has put in the final piece of a series of historic changes intended to
bring greater accountability for the education of 1.1 million New You City children; accountability,
he has promised , that rests with him.
Part 3 Listen for Facts
Directions:——Look at the eight statements for this part.
——You will heat a passage about human genes. You will listen to the passage twice.
—— Decide whether you think each statement is tight, wrong of not mentioned
Number of Human Genes Questioned
Scientists are questioning a widely reported finding from the first detailed study of the unman
gene map. The scientists dispute the findings that humans have only about thirty thousand genes.
The new report suggests the true number could be much greater. Some believe that humans have
more than one-hundred-thousand genes.
The issue seemed to be settled last February. That is when two competing teams of scientists
published their efforts to map the position of every human gene .A private American company
called Calera Genomic published the other Each group nonscientists estimated that humans have
about thirty thousand genes. That is about two times as some insects.
That number came as a surprise to some People. They wonder not an organism as complex as a
human could have so few genes. Some scientists believed the small number of genet was good
news. It meant it would be easier to identify all the gems and understand how they work.
In the new study, the Novelties scientists compared the two groups of human genes from the two
genetic maps. They form the two genetic maps. They found that the two groups to scientists had
identifies two different sets of genes. Only abbot halt the genes are common to both groups. The
Novelties scientists say this means the number of human genes may e about forty thousand.
The director of the Human Genome project, Francis Cockiness, said he would not get surprised if
humans were found to lave more than thirty thousand genes. Calera's president, Craig Vender,
notes that the process of discovering the real number is not simple. He said many of the genes
noted in his company's study nod not been confirmed.
The real number of human genes may not be know ay time soon. Scientists gay it probably will
take years before we have a list of the genes that control human biology.
Part 4 Listen for Details
Directions: Listen to a passage about American business and finish the following two tasks. You
will listen to the passage twice.
Task 1 Indicate which of the alternatives, A B or C is the most appropriate response.
Task 2 Choose from A-F the correct answer for each of the items (1-5). Use letters only once.
There is one extra letter that you do not need to use .
Melting pot or salad Bowl
The prestige of Business and the ideal of competition The statement by president Coolidge in the
1920s “The business of America is business” still points to and important truth godly: Business
institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including
the government. Most Americans believe, for example, that businesses are more efficient and
better run than the federal government why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of
competition than other institutions in society. Since most Americans see competition as the major
source of progress and prosperity, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is
not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values arch as individual
freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Comparison protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power.
In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against sack other for
profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to
a comparing business that treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the
customers' dollar, they cannot afford to give them inferior products or poor service.
A contrast is often node between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a
monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive
of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and
business leaders are not. Many Americans believe that competition is as important as, or even
more important than, democracy in preserving freedom. So closely is competitive business
associated with freedom in the minds of most Americans that the term free enterprise rather than
the term capitalism is most often used to describe the American business system.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity.
Americans compare business competition to a race open to all, where success and status go to
the swiftest person, regardless competition to the swiftest person, regardless of social class
background. Gaining success and status through competition is often seen as the American
alternative to systems where social rank is based on family background .Business is therefore
viewed as an expression of the ides of equality of opportunity rather them the aristocratic idea of
inherited privilege.
Business competition is also seen by most Americans as encouraging hard work. If two business
people are competing against each other, the one who works harder is likely to won. The one who
spends less time and effort is likely tie lose. Because business people must continually compete
against each other, they must develop the habit of hard work in order not to fail.
Americans are aware that business institutions often do not live up to the ideals of hard work in
order not to fail.
Americans are aware that business institutions often do not live up to the ideals of competition and
the support of freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work. Americans sometimes distrust the
motives of business people, believing that they are capable of putting profit before product safety,
or a cleaner environment. Therefore, most Americans belief businesses need some government
regulation, although they may disagree on how much. Even with these flaws, however, most
Americans believe that business comes closer than other institutions to carrying out competition
and other basic values in daily practice.