Ocean Energy for Island Electrification
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
OES Represenative
Program Director/ Senior Scientist
Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Singapore
BCEF 2016 Conference: Ocean energy session, 11-12 Feb 2016, Bali, Indonesia
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Need for Island Electrification
(Source: Reiner-Lemoine-Institut)
11% of global population lives on islands
 huge potential for hybrid mini-grids in many
communities with no access to electricity
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
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Landscape of Island Electrification
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• Most islands remain heavily dependent on
conventional sources for electricity supply.
• Fossil fuel import cost covers high percentage of
GDP:
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20 % of annual imports of 34 islandic countries
within the Small Islands Developing States
network (SIDS), and 5-20 % of their GDP.
Approximately 15 % of entire import cost of most
of the European Union’s 286 islands.
 Fluctuation of fossil fuel prices cause
uncertainties for island financial planning.
 Over-exploitation of fossil fuels globally
affects the environment and threatens the
energy security of islandic societies.
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
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Energy Mix per Southeast Asian
Country
Quirapas, M. A., Lin, H., Abundo, M., Brahim, S., & Santos, D. (2015). Ocean Renewable Energy in Southeast Asia: A Review. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews , 799-817.
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Confidential
e.g.Phillipines’s islandic Energy Needs
Electrification
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Electrification rate of the Philippines is about 89.7%.
Rural electrification fall on the Small Powers Utilities
Group (SPUG). Supplies power to off grid areas by utilizing
power barges.
Challenges – dispersed locations & absence of indigenous
energy resources
Government
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(2012 MEDP) suggests that private sector participation be
pursued.
(2012-2016 MISSIONARY ELECTRIFICATION DEVELOPMENT
PLAN)
Existing RE installed capacity: 5400MW (2012)
Plans to increase installed capacity to 12700MW (2020)
Off-grid areas of the Philippines
Potential
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Theoretical capacity of 170,000MW
Over a 1000Sq.km ocean resource area
Focus in OTEC and Tidal & wave power generation.
Potential Thousands of miles of coastline, For ocean
energy, an estimated 240,000MW capacity
Science (2010)
• Source:
NREP 2012 report
Energy Research Institute @ NTU
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
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Technology Issues & Remedies of ORE towards
Islandic Needs
Challenges:
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Lack of detailed resource & siting studies.
Too high capital cost & upfront investment.
RE is less promising due to intermittency.
In developing islandic region, presence of weak grids.
Skepticism in terms of impact on other marine users.
Possible solutions:
– Require disruptive concepts that are site-specific &
scalable to form arrays thru product modularity.
– Need low cost installation methods.
– Should possess resilience towards weak grid & mitigate
interruption by energy storage & forecasting.
– Co-evolve regional market, supply chain & integrate with
local skills through inter-industry learning.
– Setup standards & procedure for specific markets such as
Tropical islands’ environmental impact assessment.
– Trust build in stakeholders thru test-bedding through
collaborative open innovation network.
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Learning curve effects with Product Scaling
• During the early phases of
product development little is
known compared to all the
factors that will eventually
contribute to lifecycle cost and
performance.
• Learning curves represent longerterm cost reductions for an
industry. With every doubling of
installations the cost is expected
to decrease.
• Historically attained learning
rates of RE is ~10%-30%.
• Wind experiences a learning rate
of ~15%.
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Ocean Energy Potential
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Energy system modelling to incorporate
future technological advances is to present
potential pathways for new energy
technologies to emerge wider energy mix.
OES investigated existing energy system
modelling, the Levelised Cost of Energy
(LCOE) for wave, tidal and OTEC
technologies.
Industry’s state of the art knowledge
around the costs to deploy and operate
each technology in its current state, and
the cost reductions that are foreseen on
the route to product commercialization.
Engaged stakeholders of OES countries. The
work is informed by a series of in-depth
interviews with technology developers, and
is built upon work carried out by different
international projects (e.g. SI Ocean,
DTOcean, Equimar, the Danish LCOE
Calculation Tool, Carbon Trust, and US
Department of Energy).
Costs and operational parameters of each
technology at three development phases:
pre-commercial array, second precommercial array and the commercial scale
target.
Table: Summary data averaged for each stage of deployment, and each
technology type (Source: OES)
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Tidal Energy
Source: OES(2015)
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Wave Energy
Source: OES(2015)
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
OTEC Energy
Source: OES(2015)
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
ERI@N Focus: Tropical Island Needs
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Singapore is focused to support R&D firms in RE
Technologies towards tropical islandic needs and
support development of disruptive product
design & plans scaled-test bed to evaluate
technology.
Promote spillover of technologies from related
industries & traditional Ocean energy efforts
towards islandic needs.
Promote drivers for supply chain development.
Knowledge sharing of islandic states adoption of
ocean energy with similar challenges:
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50 different island communities
http://www.globalislands.net/greenislands/
http://www.direkt-project.eu/
Tidal Test
Site
ERI@N Offshore REIDS
Exploit local skills “By the People – For the
People”
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Create new job opportunities.
Setup necessary training to create manpower through
engaging local academic institutions.
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
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Cost Effective Technology Developments
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Need to develop low cost disruptive
resource mapping methods:
– Easily evaluate resource potential through
Remote sensing & meso-scale resource
mapping.
– Cost effective installation methods of Ocean
renewable energy systems. Easily towable RE
systems with easy decommissioning
methods.
– Environmentally safe RE systems such that
marine life is undisturbed (Corals, Sea based
Mamals, nearby Fishfarms, etc).
– Setup proper procedures for Environmental
impact assessment toward other marine
users.
– Land based WEC designs are good for
islandic condition e.g. ‘LIMPET’ & Mutriku
case study. LCOEs approx. 0,5 USD/kWh at
12% interest today
Source: Bluetec
Source: Schotel
Source: Voith Hydro Wavegen
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Efforts for affordable RE systems
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Stakeholders action items:
– Government: to identify suitable mechanisms
& policies to support towards technology supply and
market demand evolution such as through
technology push and market pull needs.
– Industry: Regional firms to understand ocean
energy potential and support the evolution of
production chain.
– Research: To evolve unique products &
technologies for island’s technology gaps.
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Evolve industrial clusters to promote supply
chain and reduce cost
Convergence within the industry need to
happen in short time through collaborative
effort to evolve supply chain involvement.
Additionally to unlock the power of energy
users (PROSUMERS) – to create high demand
for RE which will bring down the cost.
Need to be aware of likely impacts of future
ocean industry development on marine ecosystems and sustainability, the use of ocean
space, and the implications for managing
ocean activities
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Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
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Government Catalytic Role in RE adoption
Source: N.Srikanth and C.Watanabe (2014)
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Blue Economy: Emphasis
Aquaculture
Maritime
Security
Energy
Mariculture
Fisheries
Blue
Economy
Port
Development
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Tourism
Mineral
Exploration
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OTEC Plant for Island: Path to Blue Economy
Example: Blue Revolution in Martinique Island
Recycling Mineral
Rich Deep Ocean
Water
Source: Ikagami (2015)
(by Prof. Ouchi)
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Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Case Study: Orkney Islands’ Ocean energy adoption
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To investigate tidal generation from fixed links between islands
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Establish appropriate organizational structures to insure
Orkney can effectively respond to Marine renewable
developments
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To ensure Orkney communities benefit directly form marine
renewable projects in Orkney Waters
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1GW ~ 1000 Jobs & 1 GW ~ 1 Billion £
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It has 16 inhabited islands with 20,000 people.
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Widespread and diverse development. Potential Relatively
even capacity distribution
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Large overall capacity, greater than 3.5 GW
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On wind 150 MW
Off wind 1300 MW
Tide 1300 MW
Wave 900 MW
Wind 16.5 MW awaiting planning permission
Wind 24 MW (already built)
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Total 3690 MW
Source: Stuart Braid, EMEC (2015)
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Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Summary
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Ocean Energy Technology can meet Islandic energy needs and ORE Industry
is capable to support islandic states’ three-fold challenge of energy security,
CO2 emission reduction, and economic & Job growth for the region.
To reduce initial capital cost, O&M cost & LCOE, Inter-industry learning
should be explored to evolve right technologies & production chain through
identifying technology similarity.
Regions should setup industrial clusters to promote Ocean energy supply
chain and focus on customized ORE disruptive products.
Convergence within the industry need to happen in product architecture to
minimize design variants to enhance accelerated learning.
Collaborative effort needed between stakeholders (technology developers,
project developers, funding agencies) to evaluate risks and mitigate
through early full scale test-bed efforts.
OES Part of IEA is keen towards promoting Ocean Energy Systems for
Islandic region needs.
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
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20 1 6
3rd
Singapore International Energy Week
Asian Wave and Tidal Energy Conference
October 25 – 28, 2016 | Marina Bay Sands | Singapore
For more information, visit:
www.awtec.asia/awtec-2016/
CALLING FOR ABSTRACTS NOW!
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Wave and tidal energy resource characterization
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Policy development and legislation
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Device development and testing
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Socio-economic impact
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Device hydrodynamics and structural mechanics
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Grid connection and system aspects
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Power take-off and device control
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Future markets and financing
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Device and environmental modeling
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Smart grid technology
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Offshore Wind
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OTEC Systems
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Environmental impact and appraisal
Conference Programme
Technical Visit/s:
RE Integration Demonstrator Si ngapore
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(REIDS), Semakau Island
Thank You For your Attention
Dr. Narasimalu Srikanth
Email: nsrikanth@ntu.edu.sg & Phone (65)96496140