World History – Chapter 9 Reading Guide “Heirs of Rome and Persia” Lesson 1: The Byzantine Empire Justinian I Looks to the Past Define the following terms. § Justinian Code – § monopoly – § moasaics – What was the “Roman Lake”? In what ways did Justinian look to the past to build his empire? How were the Roman codes changed? Name a new industry Justinian started in Constantinople during his reign? What building improvements did Justinian make to Constantinople? What was the Hagia Sophia, and why was it so special? Theodora, Bringer of Change Why was it so unlikely that Theodora would be Justinian’s wife? In what ways did Theodora improve the lives of women in the Byzantine Empire? What was Theodora’s philosophy about how government leaders should be chosen? Who was Belisarius, and why was he important to Justinian? How did Justinian and Theodora differ when it came to religion? The Christian Church Divides What was the main focus of disagreements among Christians? How did disagreements cause the Christian church to change? Define patriarch. What order of Emperor Leo probably upset Western Europeans? What happened to the Christian Church in 1054? What Christian Church was based in Constantinople? What Christian Church was based in Rome? When did the Byzantine Empire come to an end? World History – Chapter 9 Reading Guide “Heirs of Rome and Persia” Lesson 2: The Muslim Empire Herders and Townspeople Define steppes. What is a sheikh? What economic activities supported the people of Mecca? Muhammad and Islam Define the following: • Islam – • Qur’an – • Muslim – • Hijra – Who visited Muhammad to tell him was a messenger for God? What is the Arabic term for God? Why were tribal leaders in Mecca worried about the growth of Islam. What is the Ka’ba? The Muslim Empire Grows Define caliph. What region was first united under the first caliphs? What lands became part of the Muslim Empire? Achievements of Muslim Civilization Define the following : • mosque – • minaret – • astrolabe – What advances were made by Muslims in the following areas? • art – • astronomy – • architecture – • medicine – • navigation – Divisions Within the Muslim Empire What are the two major groups in the Islamic religion? What is the major philosophical difference between the two? What caused the division in the Muslim Empire? World History – Chapter 9 Reading Guide “Heirs of Rome and Persia” Lesson 3: Europe in the Middle Ages Charlemagne Builds an Empire What were the years of the Middle Ages? What tribe did Charlemagne lead? Why did the pope crown Charlemagne as the “Emperor of the Romans”? How did Charlemagne strengthen his empire through cooperation? How did Charlemagne show the education was important to him? What caused Charlemagne’s empire to fall apart? Life in the Middle Ages Define the following: • manor – • serf – • tenant – • vassal – • contract – • feudal system – Who owned the manor? Where did the serfs live? Where did they work? How did the serfs pay rent? What did the noble do for the serf? How did the noble receive his land? What things did the noble do in return for the land? How were the vassals? What was in the contract between the king and the vassal? The Church and the Crusades How did the idea of Christendom bind the people of Europe together? Besides being the religious authority, how else did the Church maintain its control over Europe? Why did Pope Urban II call for Christians to go to war against the Seljik Turks? What were the Crusades? How many major crusades took place? How did the crusades affect life in Europe? Disaster and Change What were cities like in the late Middle Ages? When did the bubonic plague hit Europe? How many Europeans did from the Black Plague? How did the bubonic plague affect the feudal system in Europe during the Middle Ages? By the end of the Middle Ages, why were many European unhappy with their rulers and the Church? The Rise of Nation-­‐States What is a nation-­‐state? What were things that people in nation-­‐states had in common? How did the nobles try to limit the power of King John? How did the Magna Carta affect the king of England? What did the group of nobles in England become know as? What effect did the Magna Carta have on us?