CHAPTER 5 NOTES
Helpful website:
http://www.lakemichigancollege.edu/liberal/bio/anat/anat_frame.ht
ml
Anatomical terms: terms can apply to organs as well
1. Superior – closer to the head, higher (when in anatomical
position)
2. Inferior – further from the head, lower (when in anatomical
position)
3. Anterior – toward/closer to the front surface of the body
4. Ventral (when is this not interchangeable with anterior?) –
toward/closer to front surface of body, not interchangeable in
animals
5. Posterior – toward/closer to back surface of body
6. Dorsal (when is this not interchangeable with posterior?) –
toward/closer to back surface of body, not interchangeable in
animals
7. Superficial – closer to surface of body
8. Deep – further from surface of body
9. Sagittal
10. Transverse
11. Coronal
12. Medial – closer to midline of body
13. Lateral – further from midline
14. Intermediate – in between
15. Ipsilateral – on same side as
16. Contralateral – on opposite side of
17. Promixal – closer to site of attachment
18. Distal – further from site of attachment
19. Orbital – pertaining to/close to the eye sockets
20. Otic -- pertaining to/close to the ear
21. Nasal -- pertaining to/close to the nose
22. Oral -- pertaining to/close to the mouth
23. Cervical -- pertaining to/close to the neck
24. Brachial -- pertaining to/close to the arm
25. Carpal -- pertaining to/close to the wrist
26. Palmar -- pertaining to/close to the palm
27. Pedal -- pertaining to/close to the foot
28. Tarsal -- pertaining to/close to the ankle
29. Patella -- pertaining to/close to the front of the knee
30. Femoral -- pertaining to/close to the thigh
31. Umbilical -- pertaining to/close to the navel
32. Abdominal -- pertaining to/close to the abdomen
33. Thoracic -- pertaining to/close to the chest
34. Axillary -- pertaining to/close to the armpit
35. Frontal -- pertaining to/close to the forehead
36. Cranial -- pertaining to/close to the skull
37. Cephalic -- pertaining to/close to the head
38. Gluteal -- pertaining to/close to the buttocks
39. Plantar -- pertaining to/close to the sole of the foot
40. Quadrants – dividing truck of body into 4 parts, using midsagittal and
transverse cuts (at the spinal cord and the waist) – see book p. 82
41. Anatomical position – standing up, facing front, hands at side with palms
facing forward
42. Why is precise terminology important in anatomy and physiology? So
there is no confusion about what we’re referring to
Cavities of the body: see book p. 83 and Stanlisa
43. Cranial
44. Thoracic
45. Abdominal
46. Vertebral
47. Dorsal
48. Ventral
49. Pelvic
Notes Chapter 5: Homeostasis and Feedback
Homeostasis -- relatively constant state of conditions that must be
maintained in the body to retain health
Stress – anything that challenges homeostasis; if we can’t maintain
homeostasis in face of stress, we get sick or injured or we even die
Conditions monitored by 2 systems
• nervous
• endocrine (acts more slowly)
Tools for maintaining homeostasis:
• fluid – blood, lymph, interstitial, cerebrospinal, cytoplasm
• negative feedback: change in one direction triggers a
change in the other direction until the body returns to
homeostasis
o examples: too cold (blood pulled back from skin,
shivering); too hot (vessels dilate near skin,
sweating)
• positive feedback – change in one direction triggers a
further change in the same direction; rare, example is labor
contractions
5 REQUIREMENTS OF LIFE:
THE LEVELS OF THE BODY’S ORGANIZATION FROM
ATOM TO ORGANISM:
THE ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY AND THEIR
MAJOR ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS.
ANSWERS TO TERMS WORKSHEET
1. medial/intermediate
2. distal
3. superior
4. deep
5. proximal
6. are lateral
7. ventral/anterior
8. dorsal
9. inf
22. proximal
23. superficial
24. superior
25. inferior
26. dorsal/posterior
27. inferior
28. inferior
29. proximal
erior
30. superficial
10. lateral/dorsal
31. ipsilateral
11. anterior/ventral
32. contralateral
12. anterior/superficial
33. anterior/ventral
13. medial
34. superficial/ventral
14. inferior
35. superficial
15. anterior/ventral/superficial
36. lateral
16. superior
17. inferior
18. proximal
19. ventral/anterior
20. superior
21. medial