celllecture.notebook
Outline #2
QOD: 10/7/13
October 07, 2013
Will be using white boards today
1. I am a non­membranous organelle. I am involved in cell division? What am I?
2. My nick name is the power house of the cell. I have a double folded membrane. What am I?
3. I am a membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, storage and transport of molecules. What am I?
Oct 17­4:33 PM
What do we call the stuff inside the cell?
CYTOPLASM: Material inside of cell membrane­­includes organelles
CYTOSOL: Intracellular fluid Contains: Dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins, wastes, enzymes
Differs from extracellular fluid by having: high K+ low Na+
small quantities of carbs/lipids/a.a.
high quantities of suspended proteins
Oct 5­1:38 PM
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celllecture.notebook
October 07, 2013
NONMEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES (little organs): have direct contact w/cytosol
What gives a cell its structure/3D framework?
CYTOSKELETON: Internal protein framework­­strength, structure, flexibility MICROVILLI: finger­like projections of the cell membrane
­­found in cells that absorb material from extra­cellular fluid. (digestive tract + kidneys)
Oct 3­11:24 AM
Draw a centriole:
CENTRIOLES: cluster of microtubules w/in centrosome
­­used in cell division/mitosis or meiosis
What structures are used
for movement?
CILIA: short extensions of microtubules
­­beat rhythmically to move things along surface (Resp. tract)
Flagella: longer extension, whip like motion­ sperm
Oct 3­11:26 AM
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celllecture.notebook
October 07, 2013
What is the job of the ribosome?
RIBOSOMES: small, protein­dense structures (rRNA), made in the nucleus, composed of 2 sub­units (small/large)
­­used in protein synthesis
free ribos­­loose in cytosol attached­­"fixed" to rough E.R.
Oct 3­11:27 AM
Membranous Organelles: membrane isolates them from cytosol
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH AND SMOOTH): What is the difference between the rough and smooth ER?
Hollow tubes, flat sheets, chambers (connected to nucleus)
Oct 3­11:28 AM
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October 07, 2013
What are the general functions of the ER?
1. Synthesis of proteins, carbs, lipids
2. Storage of these molecules
3. Transport through tubules
4. Detoxification of toxins (mostly smooth)
Rough E.R.: proteins are modified and"shipped" to Golgi
Smooth E.R.: More focused on Carbs, Lipids
Synthesize: Cholesterol, hormones, glycerides
Store Ca++ ions
Sep 12­5:49 PM
GOLGI: stack of flattened discs (5­6) + saccules
What are the general functions of the Golgi?
1. Synthesize and package secretions
2. Package specific enzymes for cytosol
3. Renewal or modification of cell membrane
Oct 3­11:28 AM
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LYSOSOMES: produced by golgi­­contain digestive enzymes
­­can fuse w/damaged organelles, bacteria
break down recycled by cell
PEROXISOMES: smaller than lysosomes
Function: break down fatty acids/absorb + neutralize toxins (alcohol + free radicals) ­­mostly found in the liver + digestive tract
Oct 3­11:29 AM
Draw a mitochondria. What does it do?
MITOCHONDRIA: "powerhouse"
­­produces 95% of cells energy­­double membrane­­inner folds (cristae) increase surface area­­produce ATP using O2
Oct 3­11:45 AM
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What is the control center of the cell?
NUCLEUS: control center for cellular operation­­some cells have >1 nucleus, some none. Surrounded by nuclear envelope, contains pores.
Oct 3­11:31 AM
What does the nucleus contain?
Contains: nucleolus (makes RNA and ribosomes)
AND 23 pairs of chromosomes (the genetic material that looks like this)
Oct 3­11:32 AM
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