Bell Ringer
Make a list of 10 items you think a
soldier would have carried with
them during the Civil War:
Typical materials carried by soldiers:
During the Civil War soldiers had to carry at least 40 pounds of
equipment and personal items:
Musket
bayonet
bowie knife cartridge box rubber
knapsack
canteen
underwear towels
paper & envelopes pens ink
Pencils
spoon fork
Blankets ground cloth
brush
shoe blacking
looking glass
photographs
smoking & chewing tobacco
pipes toothbrush comb
cotton strips for wounds twine
soap
buttons needles & thread
Union Camp outside of Nashville…
Major Civil War Battles
Fort Sumter,
South Carolina
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Date: April 12, 1861
Strategy: Confederates capture all U.S. forts
located in the C.S.A
Union Commander: Major Robert Anderson
Confederate Commander: Gen. PTG Beauregard
Casualties: 0
Outcome / Significance: 1st Shots fired of the
war (by Confederates)
o 34 hours of cannon siege
o Confederate Victory
Manassas Junction
Reports say that
people from
Washington D.C.
rode out by
carriage and
packed picnic
lunches to watch
the Union Army
defeat the
rebels…One lady
commented – “ I
suppose we will
take Richmond by
tomorrow.” Many of
the civilians
became tangled up
with retreating
soldiers during the
chaos, following
them back towards
Washington D.C.
Manassas RR Junction after battle…
First Bull Run
(Manassas), Virginia
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Date: July 21, 1861
Strategy: Union to destroy RR & move in on
Richmond
Union General: Gen. Irvin McDowell
Confederate General: Gen. PTG Beauregard
Casualties: Union - 3,000 / Confederate - 2,000
Outcome / Significance: Stonewall Jackson
rallies Confederates!
o Union realizes victory won't be so easy.
o Confederate victory!
Shiloh,
Tennessee
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Date: April 6 - 7, 1862
Strategy: Union attempting to gain control of the
Mississippi River
Union General: Gen. U.S. Grant
Confederate General: Gen. Beauregard & A.S.
Johnston
Casualties: Union - 13,000 / Conf. - 11,000
Outcome / Significance: Bloodiest battle in the
war to this point / Union Victory
Ironclads
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Date: March 8 - 9, 1862
Strategy: Confederate Ironclad tries to break
through blockade
Union Commander: Lt. John Worden
Confederate Commander: Lt. CatesbyJones &
Capt. Franklin Buchanan
Casualties: Union - 409 / Conf. - 24
Outcome / Significance: These types of ships
change sea warfare - FOREVER! / no victor
Naval battles previously…
Naval battles from 1862 on…
Seven Days -Virginia
(Peninsular Campaign)
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Date: June 25 - July 1, 1862
Strategy: Union travels up James and York Rivers
to attempt to capture Richmond
Union Commander: Gen. George McClellan
Confederate Commander: Gen. Robert E. Lee,
Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
Casualties: Union - 15,000 / Conf. - 21,000
Outcome / Significance: Poor Union Leadership
shown(fear of attacking) - Union retreats / Lee is
new Commander of Confederate Army /
Confederate Victory
Second Bull Run
(Manassas)
Virginia
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Date: August 27 - 30, 1862
Strategy: Confederates want to regain control
of Northern Virginia
Union Commander: Gen. John Pope
Confederate Commander: Gen. Robert E. Lee
Casualties: Union - 15,000 / Conf. - 9,000
Outcome / Significance: Poor Union
leadership / Confederate Victory (under Lee's
leadership & enables Lee to invade Maryland)
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
Maryland
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Date: September 17, 1862
Strategy: Lee invades MD to get "Border States"
& help from G.B. & France / McClellan had a copy
of Lee's battle plans
Union Commander: Gen. McClellan
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union - 12,500 / Conf. - 10,500
Outcome / Significance: No victor, but Lincoln
claimed Union won & issued Emancipation
Proclamation / Bloodiest single day in entire war.
Fredericksburg,
Virginia
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Date: December 13, 1862
Strategy: Union pushing to capture Richmond
Union Commander: Gen.Ambrose Burnside
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union - 13,500 / Conf. - 4,500
Outcome / Significance: highest # of soldiers
present (185,000) / Poor Union leadership - attack
not coordinated / Union demoralized /
Confederate victory
Fredericksburg, Maryland
Chancellorsville,
Virginia
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Date: May 2 - 4, 1863
Strategy: Union tries to capture Richmond
Union Commander: Gen. Joseph Hooker
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union - 14,000 / Conf. - 10,000
Outcome / Significance: Union retreats (poor
leadership again) / Confederate victory - Lee's
masterpiece! / Stonewall Jackson mortally
wounded
Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania
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Date: July 1 - 3, 1863
Strategy: Lee heads into North to capture
Harrisburg, hoping to demoralize the Union.
Union Commander: Gen. George Meade
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union - 23,000 / Conf. - 28,000
Outcome / Significance: Pickett's Charge fails Lee forced to retreat / Union victory - turning
point in the Civil War
Siege of Vicksburg,
Mississippi
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Date: May 19 - July 4, 1863
Strategy: Grant laid siege (cannon) on Vicksburg
for 41 days to gain control of the Mississippi River.
Union Commander: Gen. Grant
Confederate Commander: Gen. John Pemberton
Casualties: Union - 10,000 / Conf. - 9,000
Outcome / Significance: Union gains control of
Mississippi / Confederacy cut in half / Union
victory (Grant's reputation rises)
Interesting Fact:
- The state of Missouri sent 39 regiments
to fight in the siege of Vicksburg…
- 17 to the Confederacy
- 22 to the Union
Chattanooga,
Tennessee
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Date: Nov. 23, 1863
Strategy: Union tries to gain position to cut off
Eastern part of CSA in half
Union Commander: Gen. Grant / William
Rosencrans
Confederate Commander: Gen. Braxton Bragg
Casualties: Union - 5,800 / Conf. - 6,700
Outcome / Significance: Union gains control of
Tennessee - In position to cut eastern part of
Confederacy in half / Union victory
Wilderness, Virginia
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Date: May 5 – 6, 1864
Strategy: Union tries to take Richmond
Union Commander: Gen. Grant
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union – 17,700 / Conf. – 11,000
Outcome / Significance: Union takes great losses
but pushes southward toward Richmond / Union
victory
Cold Harbor,
Virginia
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Date: June 1 - 3, 1864
Strategy: Union tries to take Richmond
Union Commander: Gen. Grant
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union – 12,500 / Conf. – 4,500
Outcome / Significance: Union takes great losses
but keeps pushing southward toward Richmond /
Confederate victory
“Cold Harbor” Fact
• 7,000 Americans
were killed in 20
minutes during
the battle at Cold
Harbor…
“I am tired and sick of war. Its
glory is all moonshine. It is only
those who have neither fired a
shot nor heard the shrieks and
groans of the wounded who cry
aloud for blood, for vengeance,
for desolation. War is hell. ”
- William Tecumseh Sherman
Sherman’s “March to the Sea”, Georgia
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Date: Nov. 2 – Dec. 22, 1864
Strategy: Union to cut Eastern part
of CSA in half & Destroy South’s
production
Union Commander: Gen. Sherman
Confederate Commander: Gen.
John Bell Hood
Casualties: Union – 30,000 / Conf. –
28,000
Outcome / Significance: Union
destroys much of Confederate supply
bases / Attrition affects South/ Union
victory
Sherman believed in “Total
War” – Destroy everything
in their path that could be
used by the Confederate
Army. This was intended to
weaken the Confederate
supplies and destroy the
morale of the South.
During Sherman’s
“March to the Sea,”
the Union Army
carved a 60 mile wide
path of destruction.
The damage was
estimated at 100
million dollars at the
time.
Civil War Facts
Siege of Petersburg &
Richmond, Virginia
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Date: June 20, 1864 – April 2, 1865
Strategy: Union plan to trap Lee in Richmond and
cut off supply lines by destroying railroads.
Union Commander: Gen. Grant
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union – 42,000 / Conf. – 28,000
Outcome / Significance: Lee is pinned down /
Confederate Army not able to recover / Union
victory
Appomattox
Court House,
Virginia
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Date: April 9, 1865
Strategy: Lee with the remnants
of his army flee to Richmond
Union Commander: Gen. Grant
Confederate Commander: Gen. Lee
Casualties: Union – 65 / Conf. – 635
Outcome / Significance: Lee surrenders to Grant /
Civil War Ends! / Union wins!
Terms of Lee’s Surrender…
• Officers and men in Lee’s Army
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would be pardoned
Officers could keep their side arms
Men would be allowed to keep
private property (horses to be used
for spring planting)
Lee’s starving troops would be
given Union rations (food)