Big Idea 2B Basic Review
1. Which of the following is the currency of energy in organisms?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. ATP
d. AMP
2. When changing from ADP to ATP:
a. A phosphate group is lost
b. The phosphate groups are attracted to one another
c. An input of energy is required
d. This is an exergonic reaction
3. What process breaks the bonds between phosphates in ATP?
a. Dehydration synthesis
b. Phosphorylation
c. Electrostatic repulsion
d. Hydrolysis
4. Which of the following is not true?
a. The energy used to phosphorylate ADP comes from anabolic reactions
in the cell
b. When ATP releases a phosphate and becomes ADP energy is released
c. ATP is a renewable resource
d. The result of a reaction coupled with the formation of ATP is
exergonic
5. ATP synthase relies on the facilitated diffusion of _____________ down their
concentration gradient to produce ATP.
a. Electrons
b. Protons
c. Glucose molecules
d. Oxygen molecules
6. During which process is the sun’s energy captured?
a. Citric Acid Cycle
b. Light Independent Reactions
c. Calvin Cycle
d. Light Dependent Reactions
7. Which chemical is necessary for the absorption of light during
photosynthesis?
a. NADPH
b. NADP+
c. Photosystem II
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d. Chlorophyll
8. Which of the following is supplied to the Calvin Cycle by the light reactions of
photosynthesis
a. CO2 and ATP
b. ATP and NADPH
c. ATP and NADH
d. H2O and ATP
9. The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from
a. Glucose
b. Water
c. Carbon Dioxide
d. Pyruvate
10. The function of the light reactions is to
a. Make glucose
b. Make a one carbon sugar
c. Produce water
d. Convert light energy into chemical energy
11. In what membrane bound structure do the light dependent reactions of
photosynthesis occur
a. Thylakoid
b. Nucleus
c. Cell
d. Chlorophyll
12. The stage of photosynthesis that uses the most ATP molecules is
a. The Calvin Cycle
b. The light dependent reactions
c. Glycolysis
d. The electron transport chain
13. The process by which carbon changes from carbon dioxide to glucose and
back is called
a. Glycolysis
b. The Carbon Cycle
c. The Calvin Cycle
d. The light dependent reactions
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14. How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are needed to create one molecule of
glucose?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
15. Which of the following is the reduced form of a molecule used only in
photosynthesis and not in cellular respiration?
a. NADH
b. FADH2
c. NAD+
d. NADPH
16. What molecules are necessary for aerobic cellular respiration?
a. Glucose and Oxygen
b. Glucose and Carbon Dioxide
c. Carbon Dioxide and Water
d. Water and Oxygen
17. Which process occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
a. Citric Acid Cycle
b. Fermentation
c. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
d. Glycolysis
18. The process of glycolysis does not require
a. NADH
b. ATP
c. Glucose
d. Oxygen
19. Since fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen, it is
a. Anaerobic
b. Aerobic
c. Cyclic
d. Noncyclic
20. Which substance is needed to begin the process of glycolysis?
a. Pyruvate
b. Solar Energy
c. ATP
d. NADH
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21. Six molecules of glucose would give a net yield of __________ ATP following
glycolysis.
a. 6
b. 12
c. 18
d. 24
22. How many pyruvate molecules are generated by the glycolysis of 3 glucose
molecules?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 6
d. 12
23. The buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells is caused by
a. The Citric Acid Cycle
b. The Calvin Cycle
c. Alcoholic fermentation
d. Lack of oxygen
24. In which stage of aerobic cellular respiration is glucose broken down into
two molecules of pyruvate?
a. Oxidative Phosphorylation
b. Citric Acid Cycle
c. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
d. Glycolysis
25. Which of the following is not a product of anaerobic respiration?
a. Water
b. Alcohol
c. Carbon Dioxide
d. Lactic Acid
26. Most of the CO2 from aerobic respiration is released during
a. Glycolysis
b. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
c. Citric Acid Cycle
d. Electron Transport Chain
27. What happens during the Citric Acid Cycle?
a. The cell releases energy through fermentation.
b. Each glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules.
c. A proton gradient is created.
d. Pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide
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28. The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative
phosphorylation is
a. The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain
b. That attraction of electrons to Oxygen
c. The proton gradient created across the membrane
d. ATP from glycolysis
29. The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is
a. O2
b. CO2
c. H20
d. ADP
30. How many ATP molecules are produced per NADH?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 10
31. How many NADH molecules are produced during the breakdown of one
molecule of glucose?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 10
d. 12
32. The oxygen needed by cellular respiration is reduced and forms part of
which moleule?
a. Pyruvate
b. Water
c. Carbon Dioxide
d. Acetyl Co-A
33. Oxidation is
a. The addition of electrons to a molecule
b. The addition of protons to a molecule
c. The loss of electrons from a molecule
d. The loss of protons from a molecule
34. What is the reduced molecule in the following reaction?
Pyruvate + NADH + H+  Lactate + NAD+
a. Lactate
b. Pyruvate
c. NADH
d. NAD+
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35. ATP is the currency of energy in living things.
a. Explain the process of formation of ATP from ADP.
b. Explain how ATP is used to provide energy for other reactions in the
cell.
36. Photosynthesis is a process that helps convert and provide the energy
necessary for the survival of many food webs.
a. Describe how solar energy is converted to chemical energy through
the light reactions.
b. How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are necessary to produce one
glucose molecule?
c. The Calvin Cycle is sometimes referred to as the “Dark reactions”, is
this accurate? Explain.
d. Describe why the first stage of photosynthesis needs to occur in a
membrane bound structure.
37. Cellular respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in all cells.
a. Identify whether this process is catabolic or anabolic. Explain why.
b. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.
Provide at least 3 differences and 3 similarities.
c. Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process?
d. Identify the two types of fermentation and the products of each.
38. Aerobic cellular respiration occurs when oxygen is present and has a higher
yield of ATP.
a. List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration.
b. Describe how the 6-carbon molecule of glucose is broken down in the
first three stages of aerobic respiration.
c. Identify the molecule that acts as the final electron acceptor in the
electron transport chain. What product is formed through the
electron transport chain?
d. Describe how the electron transport chain powers the reaction that
occurs in oxidative phosphorylation.
Answers
1. c
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. b
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. A
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11. A
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. D
18. A
19. A
20. B
21. B
22. C
23. D
24. D
25. C
26. D
27. D
28. A
29. D
30. C
31. C
32. B
33. C
34. C
35.
36.
a. ADP is a molecule that has only two phosphates; in order to form ATP,
which has three phosphates, energy is put into the reaction. Energy is
needed to overcome the electrostatic repulsion provided by the
negative charge that each phosphate group carries. ADP undergoes
phosphorylation to form ATP.
b. When ATP is hydrolyzed to form ADP and a phosphate, energy is
released. This energy can then be used to power endergonic reactions
in the cell.
a. Solar energy is used to provide the energy to photosystem II to excite
the electrons, which creates a proton gradient that then drives the
phosphorylation of ADP creating the chemical energy of ATP. Solar
energy is also absorbed by photosystem I and is converted to chemical
energy in the form of NADPH.
b. Six turns
c. No, this is not accurate. A better term would be the light independent
reactions because the Calvin Cycle can occur whether or not light is
present, but it does not need light to proceed.
d. The first stage of photosynthesis needs a membrane across which to
create a proton gradient that can provide the energy needed to
phosphorylate ATP, which is necessary for the Calvin Cycle. Without a
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37.
membrane, there is no boundary across which the potential gradient
can be formed and photosynthesis could not occur.
a. Cellular respiration is a catabolic process because it breaks down
glucose into smaller molecules while releasing energy, the definition
of catabolic.
b. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration are alike in that they both produce
ATP, both have glycolysis as the first step, and both use glucose as the
starting molecule. They are different in that aerobic respiration
produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration, requires oxygen and
anaerobic respiration does not, and aerobic respiration uses both
NADH and FADH2 as energy storing molecules whereas anaerobic
respiration only uses NADH.
c. Anaerobic
d. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Lactic Acid
Ethanol Fermentation: Ethanol and CO2
38.
a. Glycolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Citric Acid Cycle,
Oxidative Phosphorylation
b. Through glycolysis the 6-carbon glucose is broken into 2 3-carbon
pyruvate molecules. Through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
each pyruvate is broken into 2 2-carbon Acetyl CoA molecules.
Through the citric acid cycle each carbon molecule is released as a 1carbon carbon dioxide molecule.
c. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport chain
and forms water.
d. As electrons are transported through the electron transport chain
they move in and out of the membrane. As these electrons move from
inside to outside the membrane they carry protons out with them,
creating a proton gradient with more protons on the outside of the
membrane than the inside. As these protons move back across the
membrane down their gradient, they travel through ATP-synthase
and provide the energy needed to phosphorylate ADP.
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