Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
THE SUPERIOR GROUP
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
NOVEMBER 20-21, 2014
@ SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
17-KM, RAIWIND ROAD, LAHORE
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
and man gets whatever he strives for
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
ABOUT
Superior University believes in innovation and we get it through research
and development. The Azra Naheed Center for Research and development since its inception has been providing avenues of research to the
students and the industry simultaneously. The fifth consecutive International Conference on Management Research (2014) organised by Azra Naheed Center for Research and Development, Superior University, Lahore,
is another milestone to promote research culture in Pakistan. The theme
of the conference is ‘‘Emerging Markets’ Role in the Global Economy’’ that
has attracted national and international researchers to participate in the
conference and present their papers. The research findings would help
academicians and corporate managersto increase their understanding
of the factors that can contribute to the growth of the organisations in
Emerging Markets.
The conference has been making waves internationally because of its
sessions, workshops and participation of international researchers. This
plateform has instilled a passion of research in our young researchers who
now want to make their names through research. Besides academic excellence, ICMR also provides avenues of business through its Business and
Quality Forums where the presence of diplomats has strengthened our
vision of a Superior Pakistan.
We thank the participants for their presence and hope that this event,
ICMR 2014, has made us proud by portraying a positive picture of Pakistan globally.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
Mian Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif
Chief Minister Punjab
I have always believed
that our country has lots
of options to explore
new possibilities of development. I am also a
firm believer of academic excellence and have
been striving to bring
about a qualitative and
widespread improvement in the educational
sector.
I congratulate Superior
University for organising ICMR 2014 and wish
this and future events a
great success.
I feel immense pleasure in backing
the Superior’s vision of developing a
research culture in Pakistan.
This conference has always given
a clear message that despite odds
we are still striving for excellence
and trying to promote education,
research and development in every
sphere of life.
I welcome the guests and hope that
they have been looked after properly and wish that our academic institutions become a hub of research
and create opportunities for growth,
investment and development in
the country. I am adamant that the
only change this country wants is
through research education.
I have always believed that our
country has lots of options to explore new possibilities of development. I am also a firm believer of
academic excellence and have been
striving to bring about a qualitative
and widespread improvement in
the educational sector.
I congratulate Superior University
for organising ICMR 2014 and wish
this and future events a great success.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
Rana Mashood Ahmed Khan
Minister of Education
(Government of the Punjab)
With the presence of renowned scholars more
avenues of investment
and opportunities will be
explored which will benefit Pakistan in future.
I commend Superior University for the organisation of 5th International
Conference on Management Research and wish
for its success.
The Government with a vision of
educating Pakistan is trying its
best to create opportunities for
human development. The Superior endeavour of transforming
academic excellence has created a niche of its own. This 5th
academic get together is a sign
of pure dedication determination
and farsightedness. I know that
today the world is agnostic about
our future but I am very positive
about it. I believe that this conference is creating a mindset and is
developing a softer picture of Pakistan abroad. With the presence of
renowned scholars more avenues
of investment and opportunities
will be explored which will benefit
Pakistan in future.
I commend Superior University
for the organisation of 5th International Conference on Management Research and wish for its
success.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
Muhammad Sarwar
Governor Punjab
The efforts of Superior
College in organising this
conference are praiseworthy and I am confident
the moot will motivate
other financial and trade
fora to move forward and
reduce gaps between the
foreign and local stakeholders.
I believe the conference
will become a regular
event and a doorway to
high quality research in
Pakistan.
It is heartening to know about the 5th
International Conference on Management Research that The Superior
College is organising with the help
of international and local partners.
This initiative reflects the resolve of
the College to develop a strong culture of finding solutions through research.
I am glad to learn that this conference’s previous editions have proved
to be a valuable platform leading to
advancement in research possibilities. The management practitioners,
academia and researchers have been
benefitting from this conference
since 2010. The efforts of Superior
College in organising this conference
are praiseworthy and I am confident
the moot will motivate other financial and trade fora to move forward
and reduce gaps between the foreign and local stakeholders.
I believe the conference will become
a regular event and a doorway to
high quality research in Pakistan.
Moreover, the presence of the International scholars, delegates and
diplomats is quite encouraging. I
welcome all the local and foreign
participants and wish Superior College greater success in the future.
.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
Chaudhry Abdul Rehman
Chairman The Superior Group
Superior’s aim to facilitate
Pakistan through research
has become a byword in
the education fraternity
worldwide. We have taken
a giant leap in research to
create more avenues and
to give initiative to our
young generation to be
more analytical in their approach. We have been continuously working for this
change for the last four
years.
Superior’s aim to facilitate
Pakistan through research
has become a byword in the
education fraternity worldwide. We have taken a giant
leap in research to create
more avenues and to give
initiative to our young generation to be more analytical
in their approach. We have
been continuously working
for this change for the last
four years. Our young researchers are learning a lot
from this opportunity. The
presence of our partner universities has proved to be a
strong bridge to develop a
positive image of Pakistan.
Research has been our top
priority and I hope that in
coming years more research
laureates from Superior will
rise in their fields and will
make us proud. Let us join
hands to create a peaceful
world through education
because it is the only path
which can lead us towards a
better Pakistan. .
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
The 2014 Edition of the ICMR has chosen
as main theme ‘’emerging markets’ role
in the global economy’’. It is undoubtedly a very interesting theme, also for the
strong contribution that many emerging
markets are offering to the world economy in these challenging years.
H. E. Mr. Adriano Chiodi Cianfarani
Ambassador of Italy
Italy has always followed with keen interest the Pakistani market and in the past decades has increased its
positioning, becoming one of the top ten global trading partners of Pakistan and the third amongst the EU
member States, with a trade exchange amounting to
over 1.5 billion US dollars in 2013. Italian investments
in Pakistan have also been growing: in the last fiscal
year (2013-2014) as they have reached over 200 million dollars.
Hence, Italian companies have been looking more
and more at Pakistan for trade and investments. Energy remains today the most important sector of our
presence in this Country, followed by other important
sectors such as Automotive, Pharmaceutical, Textile,
Chemical and Mechanical.
With specific regard to energy, Italy recently widened
the range of its technical assistance towards two major economic and social development areas: energy
production and distribution, as well as education, allocating up to 70 million Euros in soft loans on concessional terms. The first domain includes support to
energy infrastructure development and technical assistance; the latter encompasses from financing of vocational training reforms schemes to financial support
to basic education needs, even in the form of the provision of hardware and infrastructure development.
On a broader note, the Italian Embassy is actively involved in the process that should lead to the recognition of the Karachi-headquarted Italian Development
Committee (IDC) as the first official Italian Chamber
of Commerce - ICC in Pakistan. In this context, during 2013, two IDC’s chapters have been inaugurated
in Lahore and Islamabad, with a few of Italy-related
companies joining the ranks, thereby strengthening
their ties with Italy. We hope that this platform will be
also able to engage with the 150.000-strong Pakistani
Community in Italy, the largest in continental Europe,
thus adding momentum to the process.
The 2014 Edition of the ICMR has chosen as main
theme ‘’emerging markets’ role in the global economy’’. It is undoubtedly a very interesting theme, also
for the strong contribution that many emerging markets are offering to the world economy in these challenging years. Italy believes that Pakistan offers many
opportunities, with a huge still untapped potential to
be unleashed, resulting from its natural wealth and
resources along with a first-class human capital. In
this regards, education proves itself to be once again
key for the growth of the country.
While commanding the Lahore Superior University for
the excellent organization of the conference and the
Pakistan-Italy Business Forum, I wish this important
event greatest success in contributing to enhance the
interaction among the different players of the Pakistani, Italian and international business environment.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
Martine DORANCE
Ambassador of France
All my congratulations to the fifth edition of
the International Conference on Management Research and to the Superior University Lahore.
France has always been involved in the education process and pays a particular attention to the training of future elite all over
the world and in Pakistan. Superior University Lahore, especially, has an essential role
and mission and I am very glad that a prestigious French University as IESEG School of
management has been able to cooperate
with such a renowned institution.
The ICMR theme chosen this year “Emerging markets, role in the global economy”
sounds particularly accurate since in this
part of the World the concept of emerging
market has a deep significance and impacts
everybody day life. In this regard, I would
like to highlight the necessity to promote
and enhance the transition to a green
economy in order to significantly reduce
the greenhouse gas emission and maintain
the temperature increase up to 2°
C.
The necessary ecological transition should
be seen as a real economic opportunity
France has always been involved in the education process and pays a particular
attention to the training of
future elite all over the world
and in Pakistan. Superior University Lahore, especially,
has an essential role and mission and I am very glad that a
prestigious French University
as IESEG School of management has been able to cooperate with such a renowned
institution.
that will enable recovery from the economic crisis by opening new and sustainable
markets.
France is fully involved in the process of
finding positive solutions to get rid of a
purely dramatic and scary reading of the
needed efforts to fight against climate
change. Therefore, President François Hollande decided to host the next Climate
change conference in 2015: Paris Climate
2015. One of the messages that will be delivered on this occasion will focus on the
private sector, that has the means along
with local authorities to get involved in a
green economy process.
I have no doubt that this very important
and central question will be considered
during the ICMR 2014, and I wish all the
participants a successful conference.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Message from
Ijaz Ahmed Mumtaz
President, LCCI
Supporting Pakistan
through better management, research is the
need of the hour which
has been successfully
identified and fulfilled
by Superior Group of Colleges with this initiative.
I believe that such conferences will change the
global perception and
will prove fruitful in the
coming years.
I pray to Allah for the success of this conference.
The 5th International Conference on
Management Research is a continuation of Superior’s efforts in promoting a
strong research culture in Pakistan. The
theme has been a real attraction and further discussion will give a much wider
picture for solutions. The research scholars from different countries will try to find
the development of the research in the
local context.
At Lahore Chamber of Commerce and
Industry, this year, we are focusing on
the promotion of research culture and
identification of new markets for Pakistani products. I hope that this Superior’s
initiative would go a long way in giving
much needed awareness to potential
businessmen.
Supporting Pakistan through better
management, research is the need of the
hour which has been successfully identified and fulfilled by Superior Group of
Colleges with this initiative. I believe that
such conferences will change the global
perception and will prove fruitful in the
coming years.
I pray to Allah for the success of this conference.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
SESSION
PROGRAM
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
DAY 1 Thursday November 20, 2014
0830 – 1000 Hrs.
Registration and Caucus
1000 – 1015Hrs.
Guests to be seated
1015– 1020Hrs.
Recitation from Holy Quran
1020– 1025 Hrs.
Welcome address by Prof Dr Sikandar Khan, Pro-Rector Superior University Campus,
Lahore
1025 – 1030 Hrs.
Address by Chaudhry Abdul Rehman, Chairman The Superior Group, Lahore
1030 – 1035 Hrs.
Address by Prof Stephen Murdoch, Associate Dean at IESEG School of Management
1035 – 1040 Hrs.
Address by Mr.Tommaso Sansone, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of Italy in Islamabad
1040 – 1045 Hrs.
Address by Mr. Olivier HUYNH VAN, Cooperation Attaché, Embassy of France in Islamabad
1045 – 1050 Hrs.
Address by Mr. Rashid Mansur, The Honorary Consul General of the Republic of Turkey
1050 – 1100 Hrs.
Inaugural address by the Chief Guest
1100 – 1120Hrs.
Panel Discussion
1120 – 1140Hrs.
Distribution of souveniers
1140 – 1150 Hrs.
Group Photo
Auditoirum I
Pakistan Italy Business Forum
1200 – 1245 Hrs.
Auditoirum III
Pakistan Turkey Business Forum
Auditorium IV
Training Workshop: How Social Media has Impacted HR Dynamics
Wasif Waseem Ashraf, Founder and CEO, 360◦ Consulting
1300 – 1345 Hrs.
Auditorium I
Pakistan France Business Forum
Auditoirum II
Pakistan China Social Quality Forum
Auditoirum III
Training Workshop: Women Empowerment
Qaisra Sheikh, President, Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry
1400 – 1500 Hrs.
Lunch and Prayer Break
1500 – 1630 Hrs.
Parallel Session I
Auditorium I
Auditorium III
Auditorium IV
Room 1
Room 2
Room 3
Room 5
Room 6
: Marketing I
: Corporate Governance
: Marketing II
: Banking and Finance I
: Media and Communicaton I
: HRM I
: HRM II
: Economics I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
DAY 2 Friday November 21, 2014
0900 – 1030Hrs.
Parallel Session II
Auditorium I
Auditorium II
Auditorium III
Auditorium IV
Room 1
Room 2
Room 5
Room 6
Room 7
Marketing III
Banking and Finance II
Banking and Finance III
Marketing IV
Media and Communicaton II
Islamic Banking I
Management Practices
HRM III
Economics II
1030 - 1100Hrs.
Tea Break
1100 – 1230 Hrs.
Parallel Session III
Auditorium I
Auditorium II
Auditorium III
Auditorium IV
Room 1
Room 2
Room 5
Room 6
Room 7
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Economics III
Marketing V
Marketing VI
Emerging Markets
Islamic Banking II
Education
HRM IV
Economics IV
Information Technology and Business Management
1230 -1400 Hrs.
Lunch and Prayer Break
1400 - 1500 Hrs.
Closing Ceremony and Distribution of Certificates
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Training Workshop
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Workshop Description
Mrs Qaisra Sheikh
President, Women
Chamber of Commerce
and Industry
Empowerment refers to the process of change that gives individuals greater freedom of choice and action. Women empowerment is contingent upon available resources and whether
women have the skills to use them; access to opportunities;
and control over benefits that can be used to achieve positive
change. The empowerment of women is fundamentally a human rights and social justice issue. But it is also important for
poverty reduction, economic growth and human development.
The aim of the session is to discuss about the opportunities and
challenges faced by women of Pakistan with particular focus on
their social and economic empowerment. The session will also
cover policies and interventions aimed at promoting women’s
empowerment work towards the full recognition and realization of women’s rights in Pakistan.
Training Workshop
HOW SOCIAL MEDIA HAS IMPACTED
HR DYNAMICS
Workshop Description
Wasif Waseem
Ashraf
Founder and CEO
360°Consulting
Social media and networking has become one of the most effective solutions for achieving efficiency in HRM functions. The
increasing use of social media around the globe has opened up
new windows for HR professional as well. This session will provide an insight to the audience about integration of functions of
HRM with the social media and various challenges and opportunities associated with it.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
FORUMS AT
ICMR
2014
One of the glaring features of ICMR is its uniqueness to organise business forums where
the presence of emissaries and diplomats proliferates the importance of ICMR. These forums not only have become a milestone in strengthening economic relations but also
proved to be an acoustic for our academia to understand the paradigms of international
business network. The forums that have been organised this year are as follows
PAKISTAN CHINA SOCIAL QUALITY AND TRADE FORUM
Pakistan China social quality and trade forum will offer international and local participants a chance to get acquainted with the information on social development endeavours that has been taken in Pakistan and China. The discussion will shed light on the
following areas:
1.
Social conditions prevailing in both countries from the social quality perspective
2.
Social development through policy implementation and other learning activities
in the context of the developing countries.
3.
Outcomes of social development and the economic change in the context of
economic globalisation and internal trade, testing the new orientation of development and exploration of future potential
PAKISTAN, ITALY AND FRANCE BUSINESS FORUMS
This year, the Italy-French-Pakistan business forums, organised with the support of Italian
and French embassies, will take up the following issues:
1.
Investment made by French and Italian companies in Pakistan
2.
Pakistani companies making investment in Italy and France
3.
Bilateral Trade
4.
Cooperation in the field of education and science
5.
Promotion of tourism
6.
Challenges faced by Italian and French businesses in Pakistan
PAKISTAN, TURKEY BUSINESS FORUM
Considering the strong bilateral trade, economic, social and cultural relationship between
Pakistan and Turkey, this year we have organised Pak-Turk Business forum at 5th International Conference on Management Research. The forum is a landmark event that will
provide insight into the investment opportunities, joint ventures, trade and other matters
happening between the two countries and also future opportunities of business in both
of the emerging markets.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Participating Organizations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Ali Akbar Group
Auriga Group
British Council
Canon Foam
Chartred Insitute Of Management Associates (Cima)
Coca Cola
Dental Associates
Diamond Jumbolon
Federation Of Pakistan Chambers Of Commerce & Industries
First Capital Group
Hi Tech Lubricants Ltd
HKB
Ilm Ki Dunya
Kashf Foundation
Lahore Women Chamber Of Commerce & Industries
MCB
Miantech Pvt Ltd
Mr Denim Pvt Ltd
National Testing Service (Nts)
Orient Group Of Companies
Pak Electron Ltd (Ltd)
Pharma Health
Qasim Ali Shah Academy
Roshan Packages
Schazoo Pharmaceuticals
Schazoo Zaka Pvt Ltd
Sparco Paints
Spel Group Of Companies
TCS Pvt Ltd
360o Consulting
Angelini
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Papers Presentation Schedule
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.)Auditorium 1
MARKETING I
Session Chair
Dr. Muqaddas Rehman, University of the Punjab
Measuring the customer’s perception in home appliances electronic sector: A comparative study of local
and foreign brands
Nida Afzal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: A study on private commercial banks of
Larkana
Sara Khan Chandio
SZABIST, Larkana
Twigging the marketing strategies of microfinance institutions within Multan district of Pakistan: A case
of selected institutions.
Syedah Shan E Ahmad
The Women University, Multan
Syed Umer Abdi
COMSATS Institute of IT, Sahiwal
Waqar Akram
IBA, Sukkur
Factors affecting service quality of branchless banking: A case of Lahore
Samana Abbas, Syeda Fizza Abbas
Kinnaird College for Women University, Lahore
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Impact of social media on brand equity and consumer buying intentions: A comparative study of national
and multinational brands on mobile telecommunication industry in Pakistan
Adnan M. Shah., Dr. Abdul Qayyum
SZABIST, Islamabad
Analysis of the restrictive elements of Faisalabad’s soap industry in up gradation based on “value chain”
Hasnain Bashir
University of Punjab, Lahore
Rizwan Saleem Sandhu
Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
‘Behind the Decision Pulse’ (The 21st century approach )
Naveed Saif
Gomal University, D.I. Khan KPK
Celebrity Endorsement and Consumer Buying Intention with the Mediating Role of Brand Performance:
An Empirical Consumer Perception Study in FMCG Sector of Pakistan
Kashif Mahmood, Nadia Nasir, Shabnam Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.)Auditorium 3
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Session Chair
Dr Ahmad Raza Bilal, The Bank of Punjab
Impact of corporate governance on firms’ perceived financial performance with the perspective of stakeholder satisfaction
Mamoona Javed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Empirical relationship between diversification, corporate performance and risk: An empirical assessment
of Pakistani firms
Asif Mehmood
Punjab Education Department, Govt. of the Punjab
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Determinants of perceived corporate performance of telecom industry: A quantitative study with reference to Pakistan
Iram Zahra Rizvi
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The impact of corporate governance on performance of state owned enterprises (SOES) in Pakistan
Imran ur Rehman
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The impact of perceived corporate governance on perceived performance of textile industry in Pakistan
Trofina Majeed
Care Channel Learning Center (SCHOOL)
Relationship between code of corporate governance and corporate financial performance(An empirical
study of food companies listed on KSE)
Asma Rafique Chughtai, Afifa Naseer, Asma Hassan
Virtual University of Pakistan
Stock market volatility: Impact of oil, gold, lending and deposit rates (An empirical study based on kse100 index)
Fatima Rafique Chughtai
Habib Bank Ltd
Asma Rafique Chughtai
Virtual University of Pakistan
How volatility brings substitute investment flow from secondary market to real assets in KSE 100 index
Aamir Azeem, Amara Awan
Virtual University of Pakistan
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.)Auditorium 4
MARKETING II
Session Chair
Dr. Hanan M Mian, FC College, Lahore
Impact of lifestyle on brand consciousness
Munnaza Hameed
Western Scientific Traders
Impact of brand image on consumer buying behavior in milk brands
Nasir Ali
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of mobile service quality dimensions on customers satisfaction
Hassan Raza
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The effect of packaging elements on consumer behavior in FMCG
Ayesha Sheikh
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Factors of compulsive buying behavior in retail outlets
Wahaj Malik
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of customer relationship management on customer retention in telecom sector
Ammar Ahmed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of advertisement on brand preference
Ammar Laiq Khan
Abacus Consulting Pvt Ltd. Lahore
Impact of celebrity endorsers on the buying behavior of generation Y in Pakistan: A mediating role of social
media
Sadia Anwar
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Sahiwal
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.) Room 1
BANKING AND FINANCE - I
Session Chair
Dr Ashfaq Ahmad, University of Sargodha
Does institutional quality reflect on stock market: A case study of KSE
Muhammad Sami Ullah Khan
Superior College Gujrat.
Factors that affect the profitability of banks in Pakistan
Ali Hasnain
Maison Consulting and Solutions
Impact of capital structure on profitability: An empirical analysis of cement sector of Pakistan
Touseef Ahmad, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Motivators of corporate hedging policies and derivatives usage in risk management practices: Evidence
from Pakistani non-financial firms
Saqib Mehmood
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of working capital management policies on the firm’s profitability in textile sector of Pakistan
Muhammad Nawaz Butt, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Effect of working capital management on the profitability: A study on the oil and gas sector of (KSE) Karachi Stock Exchange
Saeed Afzal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of capital structure on financial performance: A case study of Pakistan textile industry
Imtiaz Najam
COMSATS Institute of IT, Lahore
Analysis of capital structure with performance of listed companies operating in textile sector of Pakistan
Amara Awan
Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.) Room 2
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION – I
Session Chair
Dr Shafiq ur Rehman, University of the Punjab
Role of social media in promoting social entrepreneurship in Pakistan
Adnan M. Shah, Dr. Abdul Qayyum
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (SZABIST) Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad
A study of nationalism and provincialism: Statuses at official Facebook pages of provincial governments of
Pakistan
Mian Aurangzeb Ramish, Rubina Anwer, Sohail Riaz Raja
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Effect of dramatised crime shows on youth behavior
M. Imran Arshad, Muhammad Safyan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Effects of Turkish dramas on women
Afshan Ehtesham jawaid Bajwa, Ayesha Azam
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Effects of morning show on Pakistani household women behavior
Hira Shafique, Ahmad Saeed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Technological innovation diffusion management, religiosity and sexting among youth of Pakistan
Dr. Raja Irfan Sabir, Asad Ur rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.) Room 3
HRM I
Session Chair
Dr Imran Ali, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Lahore
The way international staffing policies and practices influence on organizational performance: A study of
multinational companies in emerging markets
Ambreen Sarwar, Saqib Ali, UzairAkhter
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Workplace friendship and employee performance in private sector higher education institutes
Zahra Amjad, Ayesha Zahid, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The impact of human resource practices on employee perceived performance in pharmaceutical sector of
Pakistan
Dr.Ghulam Dastgeer, Malik Shahzad Shabbir
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Role of organizational culture in organizational performance: a mediation of job satisfaction of the teachers of public and private colleges of Sialkot
Imran Khan
Superior College, Sialkot
Factors of employees’ motivation in private organisations of Pakistan
Saad Arshad
HR Team Leader
The role of performance management and career development in affecting turnover intentions of banking
sector employees in Pakistan
Muhammad Omer Masood
The Bank of Punjab
Impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employees’ commitment in the banking sector of Pakistan
M. Affaq Saleemi
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Leaders’ social intelligence and its influence on followers feeling of energy and creative work involvement
Dr. Ishfaq Ahmed
Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.) Room 5
HRM II
Session Chair
Dr Muhammad Ilyas, Superior University Campus, Lahore
The impact of strategic human resource policy on competitiveness of organisations in Pakistan
Ahmed Moneeb Ashraf
University of Health Science, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors of job stress and its impact on employee’s performance
Rameeza Aftab
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of employee intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and satisfaction on employees’ performance
Rida Ashraf
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Role of HR practices (bundle) in gaining employee outcome: An empirical study in the context of pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan
Shabnam Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of empowerment & training on organisational performance
Faiza Zafar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of HR practices on employees’ performance
Uamara Sheikh
COMSATSInstitute of Information Technology, Lahore
The impact of rewards and administrative policies on teacher’s job motivation level in the universities of
Lahore, Pakistan
Sajid Ali Khan
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore
20.11.2014 (1500 – 1630 Hrs.) Room 6
ECONOMICS I
Session Chair
Dr Bilal Mehmood, GC University, Lahore
Exchange rate instability and its effect on macroeconomics variables in Pakistan
Faiza Anjum
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Determinants of inflation in Pakistan
Nadia Irshad
Superior College for Women
Impact of unemployment and literacy on GDP growth rate of Pakistan
Nabiha Munir
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Economic growth and its determinants in Pakistan
Zahid Mustafa
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Determinants of foreign exchange reserves: Evidence from Pakistan
Asif Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Determinants of demand for money in Pakistan
Humaira Zahoor
Superior University Campus, Lahore
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Auditorium 1
MARKETING III
Session Chair
Dr Lianfeng Zhang, Linda, IESEG School of Management, France
Impact of associated product grouping on consumer perception: In the context of brand alliance scenario
Muhammad Ali Yab, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of service quality on consumer loyalty in Islamic banking sector
Muhammad Sheikh Sohaib
Superior College, Lahore
Role of security and internet knowledge on e-banking adoption: A mediation of customer satisfaction in
case of Pakistan
Kamran Safdar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The impact of information technology (IT) on supply chain performance in chemical industry of Pakistan
Nafees Ahmad
Harris Silicones & Glass Pvt Ltd
Impact of television advertisement on children buying behavior: An empirical study in FMCG context of
Pakistan
Hadiya Sarfaraz
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Corporate social responsibility and brand image: A study in industrial sector of Pakistan
Memoona
Allied Bank Limited
Is social media killing the email usage? The impact of social networking sites: Empirical study in the context
of private sector organisations of Pakistan
Mahsheed Naveed
First Step Islamic School
Influence of advertisement on consumer buying behavior: A case study of Faisalabad city
Najam ul zia
Haleeb Foods Ltd
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Auditorium 2
BANKING AND FINANCE - II
Session Chair
Dr Omar Masood, University of East London
Financial structure and firm’s performance: Evidence from non-financial firms listed at KSE Pakistan
Haleema Tariq, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
How bank competition affects banks’ financial stability: The case of OIC countries
Muhammad Ashraf, SumaraRehman
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
Muhammad Ilyas,
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Application of VAIC (value added intellectual coefficient) on the Firm’s Performance: Empirical Evidence
from Insurance Sector of Pakistan
RameezMirza, Muhammad Ahmad
Lahore Leads University
Market concentration, governance and macro financial determinants of bank profitability: Comparative
analysis of Pakistan, India and China
Muhammad HaroonRasheed, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Estimating productivity of banking industry in Pakistan using flexible forms of production function
Anam Khan, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Determinants of non-interest income in commercial banks in Pakistan: Generalized least squares approach
FareehaAslam, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Determinants of bank profitability
Mohammad Irfan
Superior University, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Personality style and investment management: Moderating role of financial literacy
Muhammad Akhtar, Irfan Ahmed
Riphah International University, Islamabad
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Auditorium 3
BANKING AND FINANCE - III
Session Chair
Dr Ashfaq Ahmad, University of Sargodha
An analysis on business risk perspectives of commercial bank: The case of Pakistan
Ayesha Naeem, Muhammad Ashraf
University of Gujrat
Understanding the customer’s bank selection criteria in Pakistan: A case study in the context of Lahore
Pakistan
Hamid Ali
KASB Bank Ltd.
Impact of working capital management on profitability in banking sector of Pakistan
Uzma Batool
Hailey College of Commerce
Determinants of capital structure: Evidence from insurance sector of Pakistan
FrazIqbal
Faysal Bank Limited Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Credit constraints for microfinance sector, an analysis of internal and external factors
M. Mohsin Khan
National Bank of Pakistan
Determinants of firm’s financial performance: An empirical study on chemical sector of Pakistan
Muhammad Sajid,
Government College (GC) University, Faisalabad
Muhammad Usman Arshad, Muhammad Waqas Siddique
University of Sargodha
Impact of asset quality indicators on financial soundness indicators¬ (FSI) in banking industry
Mahwash Rafiq Sheikh
The Bank of Punjab
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Auditorium 4
MARKETING IV
Session Chair
Dr Sikandar Khan, Superior University Campus, Lahore
Factors of customer satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan: An application of SERVQUAL model
Faisal Maqsood
SPEL (Synthetic Products Enterprises Ltd.)
Impact of mobile phone usage on student behavior
Umair Jamil
TerranovaPvt Ltd.
The impact of advertising on consumer buying behavior in Lahore
Abdul Majid
Am Car Caring Company
Role of e-marketing in building the brand image of footwear industry
Muhammad Zaka
Possibilities Training and Development
Impact of advertisement on consumer buying behavior in FMCG sector of Pakistan
Rao M Ammar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of brand image on consumer buying behavior in clothing sector: a comparative study of males and
females of central Punjab (Lahore) and southern Punjab (Multan)
Hafiza Ayesha Riaz
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Middle management perspective for ISO IMS adoption and its impact on consumer purchase intention: A
case study of “Engro foods Sahiwal”
Dr. Raja Irfan Sabir, Asad ur Rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Room 1
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION – II
SessionChair
Dr Shafiq ur Rehman, University of the Punjab
Public opinion about coverage of PTI and PAT’s protest by mainstream electronic media of Pakistan
Jaffar Hussain, Anam Shahbaz, Sohail Riaz Raja
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Political comics: Emerging trend in social media and its impacts on Pakistani youth.
Saba Sadiq, Aisha Parveen, Hira Farooq
Virtual University of Pakistan
Does awareness of health hazards associated with fast food affect the consumption pattern? A case study
of youth in Pakistan
Naima Malik
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Predictors of body image dissatisfaction among young university female students of Pakistan (a tripartite
model of body image disaffection assessment)
Dr. Raja IrfanSabir, Asad Ur Rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal
A Statistical Study regarding knowledge, attitude and practices towards dengue fever (DF) among the
students of University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Farooq Abdullah, Atif Abbasi
University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
Mediating Role of Hope in the Relationship between Workplace Incivility and Turnover Intensions: Evidence Electronic Media Sector of Pakistan
Muhammed Tahir Manzoor
Dr. Mumtaz Khan
NUML National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Room 2
ISLAMIC BANKING – I
Session Chair
Dr Ahmad Raza Bilal, The Bank of Punjab
Impact of Islamic modes of financing on financial performance of Islamic banks in Pakistan
Muhammad Bilal Naeem
Gift College, Lahore
Determinants of perceived performance of Islamic banking in Pakistan
Inam Ullah
Superior University Campus, Lahore
How services quality, sharia principles and customer awareness affect the Islamic banking adoption: A
perspective from Pakistan
Falak Shah
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Determinants of Islamic bank profitability:An empirical research in banking sector of Pakistan
Samra Fatima
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Internal determinants of financial performance of Islamic banks in Pakistan
Muhammad Arslan
Meezan Bank Limited.
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Room 5
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Session Chair
Dr Iklaq Shamsi, The Superior College, Lahore
Impact of communication on crew efficiency in aviation sector of Pakistan
Rana Athar Munir
Superior University Campus, Lahore
A consolidated model of putting BSC into action in textile industry in Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan Maqbool
Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad
Dr Nadeem Ishaq Kureshi
University of Sciences and Technology, Taxila
Reducing workplace stress: Guidance from Islamic teachings
Usman Riaz Mir
Virtual University of Pakistan
Impact of corporate culture on employee job performance in banking sector of Karachi, Pakistan
Ghulam Muhammad
Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi
The role of cultural dynamics: Gender, age and class in cross-cultural mentoring context – A conceptual
study
Rizwan Khan
Air University, Islamabad
Muhammad Kamran
AllamaIqbal Open University, Islamabad
Prevalence and association of workplace bullying with employee work performance among banks personnel in Pakistan
Hafsa Hussain, Dr. Qais Aslam
University of Central Punjab
Technical and cost efficiency analysis of soccer ball producing firms in Sialkot, Pakistan
Zahid Hussain, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Umar Bilal
Lahore Leads University
Empirical investigation of the factors affecting firm’s performance: A study of food sector of Pakistan
Jamshed Iqbal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of leadership style on employee’s job satisfaction and performance: A study on employees’ of
private sector in Lahore.
Muhammad Umair Tariq
Superior University Campus, Lahore
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Room 6
HRM III
Session Chair
Dr Imran Ali, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Job insecurity to journalists and its effects on their performances
Muhammad Ali Nasir, Sahar Mursleen, Sohail Riaz Raja
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Influences of HRM practices on employee performance and organizational commitment: A mediating role
of job satisfaction
Rabia Mian, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Evaluating the effects of human resource management practices on organizational performance: A study
of Pakistan textile sector
Uzair Akhter, Saqib Ali, Ambreen Sarwar
BahauddinZakariya University, Multan
Impact of employee empowerment, competence and self-determination on employee motivation in health
sector
Muhammad Waseem Malik, Muhammad Sajjad
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Factors affecting motivation: A case of public sector higher education institutes
Syed Bilal
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore
Impact of fair recruitment on employee motivation
Lareb Muqeet
Shaheen Air International
Effect of gender discrimination on employee’s performance in private banks of Pakistan
Muneer Ahmad
Superior University Campus, Lahore
21.11.2014 (0900 – 1030 Hrs.) Room 7
ECONOMICS II
Session Chair
Dr Hafiz Khalil, University of the Punjab
Impact of exchange rate volatility and inflation on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Selected South Asian
countries
Shafqat Mehmood Khan
Lahore Garrison University (LGU)
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Analyzing the effects of human capital, trade openness and FDI on economic growth of Pakistan
Ahmad Ghazali, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Money monetization and economic growth in Pakistan
Muhammad Zia Ullah Khan, Prof Dr Muhammad Illyas, Mahwish Zafar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The impact of trade openness and external debt on Economic growth: New evidence from South Asia, East
Asia and Middle East
Mahwish Zafar, Dr. Muhammad Ilyas, Shazia Kousar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Role of Microfinance in reducing powerty in Pakistan: A look at social and economic factors
Muhammad Irfan Shahid
JW Vendor City Pvt. Ltd.
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Auditorium 1
ECONOMICS III
Session Chair
Dr Salman Razvi, Hailey College, Lahore
How does steel production affect economic growth in Pakistan
Farzana Siddique, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of GDP, FDI and total reserves on external debt of Pakistan: a simultaneous model of GDP and
external debt
Syeda Fizza Abbas, Samana Abbas
Kinnaird College Lahore
Haider Mustafa
University of Central Punjab
Major macro-economic variables and the stock market of Pakistan
Awais Afzal
Islamic International University Islamabad
Nontraditional export of shell resources of Pakistan; A case study ofPreparation of Razor Clam for export
market.
Nadeem Ahmed Tamimi, Mawiz Ahmed, Habib Ur Rehman
Indus University, Stadium Road, Karachi
Fiscal policy stance and economic growth of Pakistan in world inflation perspective
Usman Saleem Yousaf, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Auditorium 2
MARKETING V
Session Chair
Dr Shahid Zia, Akhuwat Foundation, Lahore
Consumer anger and frustration in restaurants: A case study of students of university of the Punjab Lahore
Muhammad Wasim Akram
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of celebrity endorsement on customer buying behavior through customer perception (FMCGs)
Jessie Daniel
Superior Group of Colleges
The impact of after sales services on buying behavior of customers in automobile sector
Syed Bilal Ali Shah
The Lake City Holdings (Pvt) Ltd
Azhar Iqbal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of social media advertisement on consumer behavior
M. Bilal Hashmi
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Factors affecting the customer loyalty in retail industry
Kazim Shahbaz
Meezan Bank Ltd.
Wal-Mart, a market leader: Through the power of retailing business
Mohammad Saarim Ghazi
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Malik Shahzad Shabbir
Centre of Professional Excellence (CPE) Blue Area, Islamabad
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Auditorium 3
MARKETING VI
Session Chair
Dr Hanan M Mian, FC College, Lahore
Factors affecting the customer loyalty in retail industry
Kazim Shahbaz,
Meezan Bank LTD.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of integrated marketing communication on Sales: An empirical study in context of FMCG Sector of
Pakistan
Mohsin Ali
Shaheen Air International
Perceived service quality with low cost career and full service airlines: A study of Pakistani passengers
Naila Yousaf
Sialkot International Airport
Customer perception towards social media of electronic products of Pakistan
Madiha Rasheed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Consumer’s perception towards online shopping in Pakistan
Sana Shahid
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of social media advertising on smart phone purchase decisions: A study on university students of
Lahore.
Abdul Mannan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Branding factors influencing the student’s decision making for the selection of higher education institution
in Pakistan: A quantitative study on public and private higher education institutions
Tabinda Usman
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Determining subscriber’s churn rate in telecommunication industry: the case of Pakistan
Hira Aleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Sumaira Rehman
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Auditorium 4
EMERGING MARKETS
Session Chair
Dr. Sikander Khan, Superior University Campus, Lahore
Applying plat forming concept in healthcare services development: comparison, issues, and future research
Lianfeng ZHANG, Linda
IESEG School of Management, UniversitéCatholique de Lille
Determinants of establishment mode choice in emerging economies: Greenfield vs. acquisition
Faisal Shahzad
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Helsinki, Finland
The manner expatriate failure influenceon organizational performance: A study of multinational companies in emerging markets
Saqib Ali, Ambreen Sarwar, Uzair Akhtar
BahauddinZakariya University
Institutional development and time patterns in an emerging market of Pakistan
Abida Hafeez
Applied Economics Research Centre (AERC), University of Karachi
Role of forestry in sustainable development: An empirical analysis
Abida Ramzan, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
The energy security of Pakistan: A public policy dilemma
Fiaz Hussain, Dr. Malik GhulamBehlol
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi
Dr. Shehzad Hussain
Assistant Professor
National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Are the sourcing models sustainable or there should be alternative business models: A comprehensive
analysis of the sourcing industry in emerging markets
Dr. Sikander Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Market growth trends in Pakistan as impacted by ecology
Engineer Mumtaz Hussain
The Environ Monitor and Environment Consultant
Comparative study of entrepreneurship growth: Evidence from past history of Asian countries Pakistan,
India and Malaysia.
Malik Shahzad Shabbir
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Unraveling the mystery of Natural Resources regarding Education and Growth in Pakistan
Aneela BiBi
Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) , Islamabad
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Room 1
ISLAMIC BANKING – II
Session Chair
Dr Omar Masood, University of East London
Factors affecting liquidity risk in Islamic banks of Pakistan
Shahid Jamil
Superior Colleges, Okara
Determinants of credit, operational and liquidity risks of conventional and Islamic banks of Pakistan
Malik Javied Anwar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Comparative evaluation of risk management practices in conventional verses Islamic banks of Pakistan
Bushra Naeem
KBM Group
A review of Islamic & commercial banks profitability: An approach based upon bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants: The case from OIC countries
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Muhammad Ashraf
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
Patronization of customers from commercials banks to islamic banks
Muhammad Ashraf, Rabbeea Tahira
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Room 2
EDUCATION
Session Chair
Dr Nasir Mahmood, IER, University of the Punjab
Students’ perception of academic quality : A new dimension of university ranking
Adnan Ahmad Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of instructional technology on students’ learning
Dr. Aamna Saleem Khan
Preston University
NasirIqbal
International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Contextualizing the use of Maslach burnout inventory among secondary school teachers
Faiza Shaheen, Dr. Nasir Mahmood
Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Comparison of economic research publications in HEC recognized education institutes
Warda Maqbool, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Impact of quality management on outcome based education: A case of an engineering school of Pakistan
Farrukh Idrees, K Savul
FAST National University, Islamabad
Evaluating the Performance of Gender Education in Pakistan
Zahid Hussain, Syed Hassan Raza
Lahore Leads University
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Role of risk management in the success of an academic entrepreneur
Komal Mushtaq, Rana Rashid Rehman
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Room 5
HRM IV
Session Chair
Dr Muhammad Ilyas, Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction: An empirical study of SME’S industry in Pakistan
Zahid Hassan
PCA Cargo (Pvt) Limited
Inter-relationship of service commitment, job satisfaction, career commitment and work commitment on the
organizational commitment: An empirical study of banking sector of Pakistan
Muhammad Khyzer Bin Dost, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of inter-domain conflict on the job performance of police personals
Farah Yasmin Bukhari, Usman Sadiq
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Impact of training &development on reduction of non-performing loans pertained to micro finance & small
scale farmers in suburbs areas of district Lahore
Mirza Muhammad Ali Baig, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Declining employment for male and motherhood of females: Evidence from Muslim countries
Sehrish Liaquat
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Does HRIScreates organisational commitment and productivity? (An explanatory study in the aviation sector of
Pakistan)
Usman Sadiq
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Does organisation with greater intellectual capital has higher profitability? The case of Pakistan in textile sector
Mamoona Majeed
Mobilink
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Room 6
ECONOMICS IV
Session Chair
Dr Adiqa Kiani, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad
Impact of globalisation on Pakistan’s economy
Rana Amir Rafique
Superior Group of College, Sambrial
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Is Solow’s paradox absent in world leading capital markets? Econometric evidence
Anam Shafique, Dr. Bilal Mehmood, Rabia Rafaqat
GC University, Lahore
Incompleteness in multidimensional poverty approach
Farooq Rasheed
Air University, Islamabad
Efficiency Analysis on Public Transport Routes in Lahore, Pakistan
Nimra Noor , Dr. Maryam Wasif
Lahore College for Women University
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Economic hurdles and FDI: a across countries analysis
Sana Ullah, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Nazmeen Syed
Federal Urdu University, arts, science and technology
21.11.2014 (1100 – 1230 Hrs.) Room 7
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Session Chair
Dr Tanveer Ahmed, Dean FET, Superior University Campus,
Lahore
Online social networking and its impacts on online business in Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan Maqbool, Muhammad Adnan Aquil
Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad
Computer and special people
Irshad Ullah
Member ISOSS/Analyst, JISR. Reviewer/Editorial Board Member AIRCC(CS&IT), Data Analyst
Sajjad Ullah
University Of Health Sciences, Lahore
ITPM in public sector organizations of Pakistan
Muhammad Hasan Maqbol, Farah Hayat
Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
The impact of information communication technology on the productivity of Pakistani banking sector: Pre
and post ICT adoption
Amna Nisar, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Computer and society
Irshad Ullah
Member ISOSS/Analyst, JISR. Reviewer/Editorial Board Member AIRCC(CS&IT), Data Analyst
Computer and the global warming
Irshad Ullah
Member ISOSS/Analyst, JISR. Reviewer/Editorial Board Member AIRCC(CS&IT), Data Analyst
Sajjad Ullah
University Of Health Sciences, Lahore
Impact of technology penetration and cultural differenceon customer buying decision in Pakistan: Testing
of mediating model
Sidra Ejaz
Mathamax Markets Pvt. Ltd, Lahore
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Corporate Governance
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Corporate Governance on Firms’ Perceived Financial Performance with the Perspective of Stakeholder Satisfaction
Mamoona Javed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Corporate governance is one of the important key of developing a favourable work environment. In order to get competitive advantage, organisations should practice good
corporate governance. In economy of Pakistan, corporate governance has been ignorant
due to some other influencing factors. However, researches are carried out to justify the
importance of corporate governance on different performances of organisation. This research is also one of the attempts to reveal the impact of corporate governance on perceived financial performance of organisation with the context of stakeholder satisfaction
under manufacturing sector. Five point likert scale questionnaire is used through convenient sampling technique to measure corporate governance impact on perceived financial performance. The findings from regression analysis depict that corporate governance
has significant and a positive influence on financial performance using the determinant
stakeholder satisfaction. organisations should focus on the proper enforcement of corporate governance codes.
Keywords: Corporate Governance, Perceived Financial Performance, Stakeholder Satisfaction.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Empirical Relationship between Diversification, Corporate Performance
and Risk: An Empirical Assessment of Pakistani Firms
Asif Mehmood
Punjab Education Department, Govt. of the Punjab
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Diversification is considered as an important strategy for getting economies of scale and
better financial performance. This study intends to analyse empirically the relationship
among diversification, corporate performance and risk in case of Pakistan, which ultimately reveals the truth about this core issue. For the accomplishment of the purpose of
this study, a sample of 60 non-financial firms listed in Karachi stock exchange (KSE) was
collected over the period 2009-2013 which was further fiber gated into diversified and
non-diversified firms. The data of this study were evaluated on the basis of risk and return,
and the factors which determine this risk and return are return on assets (ROA), return on
equity (roe), market to book value of equity (MKB), Tobin’s q and leverage (Lev). Hence,
the standard deviation and coefficient of variance have been used as the measures of
risk. However, the empirical findings of this study reveal that the non-diversified firms
outperform the diversified firms which mean that the non-diversified firms have better
performance as compared to the diversified firms. Since this study also verifies the fact
that the higher the returns will be, the higher the risk will be – as the empirical findings
assess that the higher risks are associated with non-diversified firms along with the higher
returns. The empirical results of this study are based on market and book values related to
the variables included in the model. At bottom line, this study concludes that the diversified firms did not get economies of scale relative to the non-diversified firms, as it holds
more market share but did not outperform in profitability and performance.
Keywords: Diversification, Corporate Performance, Risk, Tobin’s Q, Leverage, KSE, Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Determinants of Perceived Corporate Performance of Telecom Industry
(A Quantitative Study with Reference to Pakistan)
Iram Zahra Rizvi
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Various determinants affect the corporate performance of an organisation. This study reveals the impact of corporate determinants such as management role, corporate risk and
corporate governance on the perceived corporate performance with special reference
to Pakistan’s telecom industry that is the most money spinning, effervescent and affluent industry in Pakistan. Keeping this consideration, we applied positivism approach and
distributed self-structured questionnaires among the employees of telecom companies
such as Mobilink, Al-Warid, Telenor, Zong and PTCL for data collection. We used the SPSS
software and statistical techniques such as PCA (principal component analysis) and regression for conducting the analysis and evaluation of the finding of the collected data.
The empirical findings predicted that the management role, corporate risk and corporate
governance significantly affect the perceived corporate performance of Pakistan telecom industry. The research significantly contributes towards providing knowledge and
understanding the relationship of effective management role, integrated corporate risk
management and compliance with corporate governance with perceived corporate performance.
Keywords: Management Role, Corporate Risk, Corporate Governance, Financial Performance And Corporate Performance.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Corporate Governance on Performance of State Owned
Enterprises (SOES) in Pakistan
Imran Ur Rehman
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate governance in enhancing
the performance of publically listed state owned enterprises (SOES) in Pakistan. Based
on quantitative method under positivism paradigm, we examined 20 commercial SOES
with 5 years data from 2009 to 2013. This study focused on five variables of corporate
governance namely board size, board independence, CEO duality, board meeting and
board efficiency along with controlling firm size and firm age. Performance of SOES has
been measured through return on equity (roe). The results revealed that three variables
of corporate governance are significantly impacting on returns on equity namely CEO
duality, board meeting and board size. If a firm splits the positions of CEO and chairman
into two distinct and different authorities, the performance of firm tends to increase. The
second corporate governance variable which is statistically significant is board meeting.
The numbers of board meetings are positively related with performance of publically
listed SOES and as the meeting frequency increases in a year, the firm performance tends
to increase. The third corporate governance variable which is negative and statistically
significant is board size. It shows that large number of board size may put extra pressure
on the managers to attain higher level of profitability which may adversely affect the performance of SOES. This study recommends that if we use truthful measures of corporate
governance then we can improve the financial performance of publically listed SOES.
Keywords: Corporate Governance, Performance Of State Owned Enterprises (SOES), Pakistan
The Impact of Perceived Corporate Governance on Perceived Performance of Textile Industry in Pakistan
Trofina Majeed
Care Channel Learning Center (SCHOOL)
This study determines the effect of perceived corporate governance on perceived financial performance of textile industry in Lahore (Pakistan) regarding corporate governance
as whole and as well as its some major elements separately i.e. Transparency, accountability, fairness, social awareness, discipline and responsibility. For this purpose, i used
questionnaires as data collection tool. I selected different listed textile industries of Lahore
as population, 200 questionnaires were distributed among the employees, out of which
143 questionnaires were received. For analysing the data, regression and principal component analysis have been employed. The study found that there is significant positive
impact of corporate governance on perceived performance of textile sector.
Keywords: Perceived Financial Performance of Textile Industry, Perceived Corporate Governance, Accountability, Transparency, Fairness, Social Awareness, Responsibility, Discipline.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Relationship between Code of Corporate Governance and Corporate Financial Performance (An Empirical Study of Food Companies Listed on
KSE)
Asma Rafique Chughtai, Afifa Naseer, Asma Hassan
Virtual University of Pakistan
The crucial role that implementation of code of corporate governance plays on protecting
the rights of minorities, shareholders, local as well as foreign investors cannot be denied.
Companies all over the world are required to implement their respective code of corporate governance for avoiding agency conflicts between companies’ management and
stakeholders and for assuring transparency in accountability. This paper aims at exploring
the impact that implementation of corporate governance practices (designed by Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan) possess on the financial position of companies. For explanatory variables of the study, composition of the board as per the code
of corporate governance which comprises presence of independent, executive and nonexecutive directors has been taken into consideration. Return on equity has been taken as
indicator of firms’ profitability i.e. The dependent variable. For this study, companies listed
on food producing sector of Karachi stock exchange have been screened for excogitation
of the relationship. It is an empirical research based on seven years data from 2007-2013.
Using Hausman test for selecting the data analysis technique between fixed or random,
fixed cross sectional panel analysis has been used for analysis of data collection. Findings
indicate that presence of independent, executive and non-executive directors as per the
code requirements levies a significant impact on the profitability of companies indicated
by return on equity. Thus, it is concluded that companies should ensure compliance with
code of governance practices to reduce not only the agency issues but also to increase
their profitability.
Keywords: Code of Corporate Governance, Fixed Cross Sectional Panel Analysis, Board
Composition, Food Producers & Firms’ Profitability
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Stock Market Volatility: Impact of Oil, Gold, Lending and Deposit Rates
(An Empirical Study Based on KSE-100 Index)
Fatima Rafique Chughtai
Habib Bank Ltd
Asma Rafique Chughtai
Virtual University of Pakistan
Stock markets play a pivotal role towards the prosperity of an economy. Therefore, the
excogitation of factors responsible behind stock market movements is always a topic of
debate by many researchers and scholars. The core factors that affect stock market movements are fundamental factors, macroeconomic factors and political instability related
factors. This study is aimed at exploring the connection that four leading macroeconomic
factors possess on stock market movements of Pakistan. Oil prices, gold prices, lending
and deposit rates have been selected as explanatory variables for the study whereas volatility in kse-100 index has been selected as dependent variable for the study. It is based
on time series monthly data of the selected variables for the period of thirteen years from
2002-2013. Upon the fulfillment of the basic assumptions of classical linear regression
model such as homoscedasticity, multicolinearity, normality and autocorrelation, multiple
regression analysis has been used to analyse the data selected for the study. Findings
revealed that there exists a significant relationship between selected macroeconomic factors and stock market volatility. Lending rate affects stock market positively whereas deposit rate affects stock market negatively. Further, oil prices and gold prices were found to
affect stock market fluctuations positively and negatively respectively. It is concluded that
these selected factors can help predicting stock market volatility and should be pondered
by economists, policy makers, analysts and investors before investing their resources in
KSE.
Keywords: Stock Market Volatility, Classical Linear Regression Model, Macroeconomic
Factors & Multiple Regression Analysis.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
How Volatility Brings Substitute Investment Flow from Secondary Market to Real Assets in KSE 100 Index
Aamir Azeem, Amara Awan
Virtual University of Pakistan
Volatility, a prominent issue, hinders investors and pivotal hurdle in investment decisions
in any secondary market. The article used arch-garch (1, 1) model to measure volatility in
kse100 index on the daily data of variables from 2012-2013. Karachi stock exchange 100
returns and volatility primarily depend upon its own shock or from its internal factors.
Stock market volatility is also due to volatility of real assets (gold return) while foreign currencies returns do not contribute to volatility of kse100 index. Volatility brings substitute
investment flow from secondary market to real assets and investors rush towards real
assets during higher volatility in kse100. Analysis provides solid foundation to claim that
top 30 companies in Pakistani stock exchanges shape decision of investors in all other
companies of kse100 index. KSE faced moderate level of variation owing to better economic, social and political environment in 2013. It gives us sound clue that these social
phenomena also contribute to volatility of stock markets.
Keywords: KSE100, Volatility, Garch Arch, Investment Flow.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Management Practices
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Communication on Crew Efficiency in Aviation Sector of Pakistan
Rana Athar Munir
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The objective of this research paper is to analyse the impact of communication on crew
efficiency. This study determines the impact of communication on crew’s overall efficiency and how communication helps them to achieve effective risk handling and decision
making. A quantitative survey design is being used for this study. Data were collected
from 150 people by using self-administrated structured questionnaires. The findings of
regression analysis report the significant positive effect of communication on crew efficiency. There are some limitations in conducting the research about the factors that have
impact of communication on crew efficiency. The study contributes significantly to the
body of knowledge by examining the impact of communication on crew efficiency.
Keywords: Effective Communication, Decision Making, Effective Management, Risk Handling, Crew Efficiency.
A Consolidated Model of Putting BSC into Action in Textile Industry in
Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan Maqbool
Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad
Dr. Nadeem Ishaq Kureshi
University of Sciences and Technology, Taxila
BSC is one of the most advanced and widely used management tools. This is being used
by most of the ‘fortune 500’ companies. However, implementation of BSC has always
been tricky to varying with the requirements where it is being implemented. Researchers have variably used different models for implementation of BSC in specific cases. As
long as the perspectives develop a cause and effect relationship between themselves, the
number of perspectives can be any random number. Implementation of BSC in a textile
industry of Pakistan was equally challenging due to lack of previous literature and model
for implementation. This paper is aimed at presenting a 6-persepctive workable model for
implementation of BSC in Pakistan textile industry. The paper also clarifies the rationale
for using 6-perspective model instead of a typical 4-perspective model.
Keywords: BSC, Strategic Management System, Strategic Measurement System, Strategic
Communication Tool
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Reducing Workplace Stress: Guidance from Islamic Teachings
Usman Riaz Mir
Virtual University of Pakistan
Workplace stress can be defined as mental or physical response to workplace because
of the threat posed to an employee. Research indicated numbers of factors which are
contributing towards the emergence workplace stress. These factors include negative
workload, role conflict, lack of autonomy, career development barriers, difficult relationship with administrators and coworkers, organizational climate, harassment, a toxic work
environment, isolation and role ambiguity etc. If few these stresses continue, the psychological and physiological disorders can lead to anxiety, absenteeism, decreased work
productivity and organizational dysfunction. Literature has provided many strategies to
reduce workplace stress. Current paper is an attempt to provide some strategies to reduce
workplace stress extracted from the guidance of Islamic teachings. This paper is helpful
for the individuals (employees) in reducing workplace stress and Muslim organizations
can also motivate their employees to adopt these strategies for reducing stress so that can
efficiently participate in the performance of the organization.
Keywords: Workplace Stress; Spirituality, Zikrullah
The Role of Cultural Dynamics: Gender, Age and Class in Cross-Cultural
Mentoring Context – A Conceptual Study
Rizwan Khan
Air University, Islamabad
Muhammad Kamran
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
This study aims at highlighting the relationships between the dynamics of culture like
gender, age and class and cross-cultural mentoring. Further, it elaborates the need of
taking cross-cultural mentoring in multinational and multicultural organizations as a key
to handle work force diversity issues. This paper is conceptual in nature trying to build
the theoretical base for establishing a relationship between dynamics of the culture and
cross-cultural mentoring efforts. Through exploration of literature the assumptions are
established. Future research suggestions are provided for researchers to take the initiative and prolong the study by. This paper study is useful for HRD practitioners. It will provide them solutions to solve cross-cultural issues and to respond to the cultural dynamics.
They can further devise the programs for career development of their employees and to
strengthen the social networks inside and outside organization. This is unique study of its
kind because the cultural dynamics, age, gender and class in relation with cross-cultural
mentoring have not been tested / discussed before. The suggestions for practical implications can prove to be successful for multicultural organization.
Keywords: Cross Cultural Mentoring, Work Force Diversity, Age, Gender
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Corporate Culture on Employee Job Performance in Banking
Sector of Karachi, Pakistan
Ghulam Muhammad
Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi
The main purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between four dimensions
of corporate culture namely teamwork, rewards and recognition, training and development and communication with employees’ job performance in banking sector of Karachi.
These four dimensions of corporate culture are proposed by Boon and Arumugam (2006)
and to link theoretical aspects of corporate culture with practical approach. This study is
conducted by carried out quantitative research approach. The data is collected by using
primary source of data by using research tool questionnaire which is adopted from the research conducted in Malaysia by Boon and Arumugam (2006).a questionnaire survey was
conducted in different banks of Karachi by applying convenient sampling technique. The
total numbers of questionnaires were 150 out of which 142 questionnaires returned back
but only 138 respondents are taken in this study and incomplete questionnaires are excluded. The hypotheses are tested by using multiple regression analysis. The conclusion
driven from this study is that all the four dimensions of corporate culture have significant
impact on employee job performance but teamwork is the most dominant dimension
which effects more on employee job performance and communication is the least impacted dimension, as it is significant but do not impacted on the motivational level of the
employees that force them towards the high performance. This study will help to create
an understanding regarding corporate cultural values and their implementations in order
to influence employees’ commitment, satisfaction motivation and ultimately their performance. By implementing these dimensions top management can boost the efficiency
level of their employees.
Keywords: Corporate Culture, Teamwork, Training and Development, Rewards and Recognition, Communication, Employee Job Performance.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Prevalence and Association of Workplace Bullying with Employee Work
Performance among Banks Personnel in Pakistan
Hafsa Hussain, Dr.Qais Aslam
University of Central Punjab
Workplace bullying is considered to be a widespread problem that has been existed for
a long time in organizations but it is ignored area of research in Pakistan. Bullying can affect someone’s life as well as cost of an organization too. This study will investigate the
prevalence of workplace bullying in the organization and the association between workplace bullying and employees’ work performance among employees of banks in Lahore.
Workplace bullying will be measured through work-related bullying and person-related
bullying. Work performance will be considered as dependent variable. Data will be collected through self-administered survey and computer based survey. Data will be analyzed through frequency analysis, percentage analysis and correlation analysis on SPSS.
This study will be proven enough good for banking management while making their policies and this will be proven a good addition in the literature.
Keywords: Work-Related Bullying, Person- Related Bullying, Work Performance
Technical and Cost Efficiency Analysis of Soccer Ball Producing Firms in
Sialkot, Pakistan
Zahid Hussain, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Umar Bilal
Lahore Leads University
Sports have always been considered as an important part of the society but now, these
are becoming an increasingly important part of the economy of all the nations. Soccer ball
is arguably the most favorite game of the world, which has seen its 20 world cups. Pakistani soccer ball producing firms are well known for high quality production. Accordingly,
this research paper shall try to assess the performance of five soccer ball producing firms
in district Sialkot Pakistan. For this purpose, we shall apply linear programming based
technique data envelopment analysis (DEA) in order to obtain the technical and cost efficiency scores. The secondary data of five years shall be taken from annual auditing reports
of Nasir & company. Suitable inputs and output variables shall be selected to calculate the
technical and cost efficiency scores. The results shall allow to find the relative efficiency
of soccer ball producing firms during last five years. This shall be a pioneering study of its
kind and shall be helpful in improving the policy of sports sector of Pakistan.
Keywords: Technical Efficiency, Cost Efficiency, DEA, VRS, CRS, Sports, Soccer Ball.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Empirical Investigation of the Factors Affecting Firm’s Performance: A
Study of Food Sector of Pakistan
Jamshed Iqbal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The current research empirically identifies the factors significantly affecting the firm’s performance in food sector of Pakistan. The source of data was “financial statement analysis
of companies (non-financial) listed in KSE for the period 2009 to 2013 which is accessible at www.sbp.org.pk online. The dependent variable was return on investment as a
proxy of firm’s financial performance. The independent variables are leverage, growth,
firm’s size, and tax. Regression and correlation tests have been employed for testing the
proposed hypotheses. In food sector, these factors significantly affect the firm’s financial
performance. The food sector should replicate the above supposed factors because these
factors significantly rise or diminish firm’s financial performance. The findings of the current research are limited and applicable to non-financial sector of Pakistan. It is not appropriate for financial sector due to their dissimilarity of capital structure.
Keywords: Firm’s Performance, Food Sector, Pakistan.
Impact of Leadership Style on Employee’s Job Satisfaction and Performance: A Study on Employees’ of Private Sector in Lahore
Muhammad Umair Tariq
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The present study is aimed at exploring the leadership styles as one of the antecedent of
employee’s job performance and satisfaction. For collecting data, a survey was conducted
among the private sector companies in Lahore. Sample was taken from 14 different companies from private sector in Lahore from 80 respondents who are at positions of managers, middle level managers and subordinates. Demographic analysis, reliability analysis
and regression analysis were used to analyse the data in SPSS. This study showed that
leadership style has a significant impact on employee’s job satisfaction and performance.
The findings of this study are very useful for the organisations which are facing leadership
style issue in their work environment and would be helpful for motivating the employees
and enhancing their performance. This study will add value in the literature because as
per the author’s point of view, research relating to impact of leadership style on employees’ job satisfaction and performance is less researched area in Pakistan and the combination of variables are also less researched.
Keywords: Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Economics – I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Exchange Rate Instability and its Effect on Macroeconomics Variables in
Pakistan
Faiza Anjum
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The study empirically investigates the variation and instability in the exchange rate in
Pakistan. The exchange plays an imperative part in the determination of the trade offset.
Instable exchange rate destabilizes the capital development in the economy. This paper
evaluates that how the volatile of exchange rates affect the GDP, imports, exports and inflation. The most significant intention of this study is to investigate that how the instable
exchange rate affects the growth rate in Pakistan. The data are collected from the world
development indicators for the period 1981-2013. For analysing the data, Johansen cointegration and error correction model have been employed. The results show that the
exchange rate has significant negative impact on the GDP in the short run as well as in
the long run.
Keywords: Exchange Rate, Imports, Exports, Inflation, GDP, Eviews.
Determinants of Inflation in Pakistan
Nadia Irshad
Superior College for Women
The study is used to explain the determinants of inflation in Pakistan. In the era of dynamic economic competitiveness, it has become difficult for economies of LDC to control
inflation. This study intends to check the reason of high inflation in Pakistan by analysing the relationship of inflation with interest rate, money supply, trade openness and exchange rate. The data are collected from the world development indicator (WDI) for the
last twenty years. The results show that inflation has significant link with trade openness
and exchange rate in the short run while has a significant relationship with exchange rate
in the long run.
Keywords: Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, GDP, Trade Openness, Eviews.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Unemployment and Literacy on GDP Growth Rate of Pakistan
Nabiha Munir
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Literacy is the basic human need as well as a human right to gain knowledge. On the
other hand unemployment is an economic and social problem in Pakistan. The purpose
of my study is to determine the impact of unemployment and literacy on GDP growth
rate in Pakistan. The data is collected from WDI for the year 1992-2012. E-views is used
to estimate and analyze the data using suitable statistical techniques i.e. Co-integration
and error correction model (ECM) is used to estimate the bilateral relationship between
the variables. This paper finds that literacy is significantly related with GDP growth rate in
short run as well as in long run.
Keywords: Unemployment, Literacy, Inflation, World Development Indicators, E-Views.
Economic Growth and its Determinants in Pakistan
hid Mustafa
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Za-
This paper aims to investigate the empirical relationship between economic growth and
its determinants in Pakistan. The main focus of this study is to find out that how much
these factors affect the growth rate. In doing so, the study utilises the quarterly time series
data from 1992 to 2012. Data have been collected from World Bank’s world development
indicators. After that data have been analysed through e-views software using different
techniques and methods such as unit root test, Johnson co-integration analysis, and error
correction model. This study finds that there is a significant relationship between export
and growth rate. Inflation has negative effect, and foreign direct investment has positive
effect on growth. The results are consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Keywords: Growth Rate, Inflation, Export, Foreign Direct Investment.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Determinants of Foreign Exchange Reserves: Evidence from Pakistan
Asif Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This research paper focuses on the factors affecting foreign exchange reserves of Pakistan
for the period 1970 to 2012. The foreign exchange reserves have been evaluated by using trade openness, foreign exchange rate and net current transfers as determinant in
Pakistan. Phillips Perron test was applied to check stationarity in the time series data. The
co-integration technique was used to check long run relationship among variables and
error correction model was applied for the short run and long run relationship among
these variables. The relationship among trade openness, net current transfers, and exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves is significant and negative in the short run and
the relationship among trade openness, exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves is
significant and positive in long run.
Keywords: Foreign Exchange Reserves, Balance Of Payment, Foreign Direct Investment,
Foreign Debts Stocks, Inflation, Terms Of Trade And Exports, Net Current Transfers, Trade
Openness, Exchange Rate.
Determinants of Demand for Money in Pakistan
Humaira Zahoor
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This research paper examines the impact of inflation, interest rate and GDP on demand
for money in Pakistan for the period 1977 to 2011. The main purpose of this study is to
empirically investigate the relationship among m2, gross domestic product, inflation
rate and interest rate. Augmented Dicky Fuller test was applied to check the stationarity
in time-series data. The co-integration techniques were used to check long run relationship among variables and error correction model was applied for short run and long run
relationship among variables. The study found that there is significant impact of inflation
and GDP on demand for money. As far as the signs of co-efficient are concerned, inflation
and GDP had positive relation with m2 while interest rate possessed negative relation
with m2. Based on results and its analysis, it is recommended that government adopted
tight monetary policy to reduce inflation. In case of developing counties like Pakistan,
high value of interest rate should be maintained. The government should encourage the
saving habits of the inhabitants.
Keywords: M2 Demand for Money, Inflation, Rate of Interest and GDP.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Economics – II
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Inflation on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Selected South Asian Countries
Shafqat Mehmood Khan
Lahore Garrison University (LGU)
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The role of foreign direct investment in economic growth has always been recognised in
the shape of reducing the technological gap between developing and developed countries which not only diminish the burden of unemployment and poverty but also improve
the balance of payment. South Asian countries are rich in cheaper labour and other natural resources but they have scarcity of capital resources which deter their path of economic growth. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of exchange rate volatility and inflation on foreign direct investment (FDI) in selected four south Asian countries
which are Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka over the period of 1981 to 2013. It is a
panel data analysis conducted by employing fixed effect or least square dummy variable
model. Dynamic panel data estimation was used to resolve the issue of autocorrelation.
Exchange rate volatility has been measured by applying Garch (generalised auto regressive conditional heteroskadisticity) model. The findings of the study indicate that both
exchange rate volatility and inflation have positive but insignificant impact on foreign
direct investment in these selected countries. Trade openness has strong positive impact
on FDI. Real exchange rate and real GDP have negative impact on FDI. Population has
positive and insignificant impact on foreign inflows.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Exchange Rate Volatility, Inflation, Fixed Effect,
GARCH.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Role of Micro Finance in Reducing Poverty in Pakistan: A Look at Social
and Economic Factors
Muhammad Irfan Shahid
JW Vendor City Private Limited
Poverty alleviation has been one of the major agenda of all civilized societies throughout
the history. The root of this study is lying in the role of micro finance to reduce poverty by
empowering people in social and economic terms in the perspective of Lahore, Pakistan.
A quantitative survey has been designed to get the information about the proposed research. A structured closed ended questionnaire has been distributed among 100 people
who were availing micro finance facilities within Lahore district. Regression and correlation tests were used to analyse the data. This study determined that microfinance has
positive effect on reduction poverty in Pakistan. The focus of this study is on role of micro
finance on poverty alleviation in social and economic aspects that include life style, accommodation standard, income generation, life standard, purchasing power, expansion
of business facility, self-employment and adoption of better technology. This study is
helpful to government to design a right strategy to improve micro credit institution and
improve their activities. It is also helpful to micro credit institution to spread their activities
on large scale.
Keywords: Micro Finance, Poverty Alleviation, Economic and Social Prospective.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Analyzing the Effects of Human Capital, Trade Openness and FDI on Economic Growth of Pakistan
Ahmad Ghazali, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The paper empirically identifies the causal relationship among human capital (HUC), foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness (OPE), domestic investment (DOMI) and economic growth (GDPR) in Pakistan over the period 1970 to 2011. The empirical outcomes
show that there is a significant relationship among human capital, trade and economic
growth. The study shows that any progress in human capital will positively affect economic growth. In turn, higher economic growth will lead to more employment, higher
income and profit, which mean more investment in human capital. The main findings of
the paper are as follows: a) there is bidirectional causality among human capital and trade
openness, human capital and economic growth, foreign direct investment and trade
openness; unidirectional causality between FDI and human capital, trade openness and
domestic investment in the long run. B) high degree of positive correlation was found
among human capital, trade openness, FDI, and economic growth; greater human capital
and trade openness spurs large investment, and vice versa. C) co-integration results show
that there is positive long run relationship among human capital, trade openness, investment and economic growth. From all these evidences, it is clear that human capital and
trade openness in Pakistan supplement foreign and domestic investment and stimulate
economic growth. Therefore, in Pakistan, careful policy should be adopted about human
capital and trade which not only attract investors but also influence them to play their role
in promoting economic growth in Pakistan.
Keywords: Human Capital, FDI, Trade Openness, Domestic Investment, Economic Growth.
Money Monetization and Economic Growth in Pakistan
Muhammad Zia Ullah Khan, Prof Dr Muhammad Illyas, Mahwish Zafar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Money plays an important role in determining the national income that economic theory
is a widely accepted concept. The study economic development in Pakistan and money
monetization investigates the relationship between the long terms. Based on endogenous
growth theory, this study empirically developed models of standard gross domestic product (GDP) and it is based on examination term which is negative and significant. Money
supply, the study applies error correction model. This study uses time series data from
1980 to 2012. Co- integration results show that the variables are co- integrated. The long
stable equilibrium relationship has ended. Error correction results a dependent variable
and inflation, income gap, investment money supply (m-2) independent variable, autoregressive distributive share to the integration interval (ARDL) bound testing approach to
long- term equilibrium relationship between the variables included in the model to check
is used. Short -run relationship between economic growth and for checking.
Keywords: GDP, Inflation, Income Disparity, Investment, Money Supply (M 2).
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Trade openness and External Debt on Economic Growth:
New Evidence from South Asia, East Asia and Middle East
Mahwish Zafar, Dr. Muhammad Ilyas, Shazia Kousar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Do lesser obstacles to international trade and more external debt encourage a positive
effect on economic growth? This has been a burning issue within the field of economics
for more than a century. This research aims to analyse the impact of trade openness and
external debt on economic growth. The impact of trade openness and external debt on
economic growth is measured with the help of panel regression analysis. GDP is used as
dependent variable, trade openness and external debt has been taken as independent
variables. Unit root test has been applied to check the stationary of time series and cross
section data. The analysis has been conducted among six regions as per divided by World
Bank for the period 1980 to 2012. The results indicate a positive relationship between
trade openness and growth. Moreover, external debt has significant and negative impact
on economic growth and debt is being considered by the nations as an obligation and
ultimate burden on economy. On the basis of the empirical results acquired, policy proposals are advised to open new horizons for lesser trade barriers or trade openness. At
the same time, it will help the policy makers to design the debt polices. Moreover, it will
help to decide how it can be used effectively to make sure the repayment and to enhance
economic growth.
Keywords: Trade Openness, External Debt, Economic Growth, Developing Countries.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Economics – III
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
How Does Steel Production Affect Economic Growth in Pakistan
Farzana Siddique, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
The intention of this study is to scrutinize co integration and granger causality between
steel production and economic growth in Pakistan. The data is collected from world steel
association. It’s an annual data for Pakistan covering time period of 1980 – 2012. This time
span allows us 42 observations for our time series analysis. Data on GDP, crude steel production and blast furnace iron production it is used as an proxy. Steel production and GDP
used after logarithm transformation. Eviews 8 is used for all estimations. We apply stationarity test augmented dickey fuller (ADF) and Phillip Peron (pp) test with the assumption
that GDP and steel in logarithmic form divulge intercept and trend. Both variables are non
stationary at level, and stationary at first difference after using ADF and pp test. GDP and
pp test are stationary at first difference. To check long run association between steel and
GDP growth we apply the test of co integration presented by Johansen (1988). Empirical results show the presence of co integration between steel production and economic
growth. Finally we applied granger causality test to find the direction of casual relationship between both variables. There is no arch effect and the residual is normally distributed. There is long run association between steel production and economic growth.
Keywords: Steel Production, Economic Growth, Unit Root, Co Integration.
Impact of GDP, FDI and Total Reserves on External Debt of Pakistan: A
Simultaneous Model of GDP and External Debt
Syeda Fizza Abbas, Samana Abbas
Kinnaird College Lahore
Haider Mustafa
University of Central Punjab
The study analyzes the impact of FDI, foreign reserve and GDP on external debt of Pakistan. The data has been taken from the economic survey of Pakistan from 1980 to 2012.
This research paper focuses on the simultaneous relationship of external debt and GDP.
To test the simultaneity of GDP and external debt, gross capital formation, exports of
goods and services and real exchange rate has been included in the model. The computer
software program of Stata has been used to analyze the variables and their relationships.
Multiple linear regressions, ARIMA model, 2sls and 3sls have been used. The results shall
be highlighting the management of debt with respect to GDP. These results shall be useful for policy makers for economic development.
Keywords: External Debt and Economic Growth, 2SLS, 3SLS and Secondary Data.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Major Macro-Economic Variables and the Stock Market of Pakistan
Awais Afzal
International Islamic University, Islamabad
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between stock market of Pakistan
and major macro-economic variables: CPI, exchange rates, & oil prices, especially in the
case of KSE. The data were collected from 2001-2010 through KSE database. The relationship between macro-economic variables and stock market and the variations between
them were calculated and analyzed through this data. The regression and correlation
models were used in order to prove the results. The results have revealed that variation
in the 100-index can be the results of variation in major macro-economic variables. This
study facilitates the investors and decision makers in order to make effective decisions
according to the time and situation.
Keywords: CPI, Exchange Rates, Oil Prices, KSE
Nontraditional export of shell resources of Pakistan: A case study of
Preparation of Razor Clam for export market.
Nadeem Ahmed Tamimi, Mawiz Ahmed, Habib Ur Rehman
Indus University, Stadium Road, Karachi
Pakistan is exporting it since 2005. The seafood exporters of country are largely involved
in its collection and marketing as it is having tremendous export demand. About 84 frozen seafood exporter are present in our country. About 3000 Razor fishermen are present in the Sindh Province; whereas about 500 fishermen are active in its collection in the
province of Balochistan. While about 20 Razor manufacturers/processors are present in
Sindh, who are handing over the Live Razors to exporters at the Karachi, Air Port. However,
in Balochistan 2-5 Razor manufacturer/processors are present. There is a very high profit
margin in Razor Clam trading; therefore “profit margin” plays a vital role in the effort of
Razor Collectors. It is estimated that as a result of such effort Razor Clam become an endanger species in Pakistan. Some of it habitat are already destroyed due to pollution and
other development activities. Due to these reasons, it is become necessary to work on
“Marketing, Collection and processing of Razor Clam and current Economic potential” in
Pakistan. It is having no local marketing potential; because Pakistani Muslims do not take
it’s as a food. Earlier it was exported to Malaysia. In Malaysia more than 40% population is
Chinese, they was end user of Razors. Currently, our country is exporting it to China and
Hong Kong. In this study, the authors are recording its current and past marketing status.
The complete collection process is noted in this paper. The losses during collection are
15%, it is proposed that how we can reduce these losses. Its process is entirely different as
compare to the other seafood. Number of time it is put down into the water that is having temperature of 15 degree centigrade. Current and past history of processing is also
recorded.
Keywords: Export Market, Razor Clam Trading
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Fiscal Policy Stance and Economic Growth of Pakistan in World Inflation
Perspective
Usman Saleem Yousaf, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Fiscal policy is one of economic stabilization policy which helps to promote the economic
growth of country as Pakistan is facing fiscal deficit from its independence with exception
of three years and tax to GDP ratio is low. Pakistan is also facing trade deficit due to all
these reasons we have tried to investigate the effect of fiscal policy stance at economic
growth of Pakistan in world inflation perspective to capture the effect of world inflation
we have taken into account the trade share of Pakistan with our trading countries. Accordingly, this paper shall investigate the effect of world inflation at fiscal policy stance
and economic growth of Pakistan. The data set of 42 (1972-2013) years shall be taken from
world development indicators (WDI) and economic survey of Pakistan. Since the expected
length of data is substantial, we intend to use long run analysis techniques such as auto
regressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model. Structural breaks are a highly likely feature
of the long run time series. Expected variables are gross domestic product, trade deficit,
worker remittances, tax revenue, development expenditure, defense expenditure, current
expenditure, debt servicing and world inflation. Causality between the relevant variables
shall also be explored using granger causality test. The results shall try to draw the attention of the policy makers towards the issue that during the period of trade they should be
well aware of the inflationary situation of the trading country.
Keywords: GDP, Fiscal Policy, Trade, ARDL, Structural Breaks, World Inflation, Granger Causality.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Economics – IV
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Globalisation on Pakistan’s Economy
Rana Amir Rafique
Superior Group of College, Sambrial
Globalisation is one of the main contemporary issues. No country can survive in isolation. The study empirically investigates the role of globalisation on economic growth of
Pakistan. Globalisation has both benefits and costs and the effects depending on the host
country’s socioeconomic and political factors. The most substantial objective of this study
is to investigate the relation among the openness, foreign direct investment, external
debt and GDP of Pakistan. Empirical analysis is done by using time series data for the
period of 1981-2012 by employing Johansen co-integration technique and ECM. The data
are collected from the world development indicators for the last 32 years. The findings of
this study represent that trade openness significantly affect GDP growth, FDI and external
debt. These findings can be an interesting example for developing countries in order to
access globalisation.
Keywords: GDP (Gross Domestic Product), FDI, Openness (Export And Import) and External Debt.
Is Solow’s Paradox Absent in World Leading Capital Markets? Econometric Evidence
Anam Shafique, Dr. Bilal Mehmood, Rabia Rafaqat
GC University, Lahore
Information technology has transformed the traditional economy into digital economy
during this century. Yet there has been debate of Solow’s paradox in theoretical and empirical literature. Considering its importance, this research examines its impact on capital
market activity by using 47 countries of world’s leading capital markets. Market capitalization of listed companies (% of GDP) and stock traded turnover ratio (%) have been
considered as proxies for capital market activity while information and communication
technology expenditure is used as development indicators for ICT. Recently development
pooled mean group (PMG) approach to co integration is employed on data of 47 countries capital markets for time span 1990-2012. PMG being a heterogeneous panel estimation technique allows the slope and short run parameters to vary across the countries.
Results show the presence of long run relationship between ICT development and capital
market activity. Recommendations are made on the basis of empirical findings.
Keywords: Solow’s Paradox, ICT Expenditure, Market Capitalization of Listed Companies,
Stock Traded Turnover Ratio, Mean Group, Dynamic Fixed Effects, Pooled Mean Group.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Incompleteness in Multidimensional Poverty Approach
Farooq Rasheed
Air University, Islamabad
Contemporary methods of measuring poverty generate a statistic for the percentage of
the population who are poor. Among various poverty measure approaches, poverty is
measure as an absolute or a relative. Absolute poverty refers to a defined standard below
which people are living; e.g., a percentage of human beings eating less food than what is
required to sustain. On the other hand relative poverty views poverty as socially defined
and dependent on social context. In 2008, the World Bank defined extreme poverty as
living on less than us$1.25 per day and moderate poverty as less than $2 a day. This advocates a policy prescription for combating poverty by ignoring the dimensions vital for
enhancing human living standards. In this context, Alkire and Foster (2010) developed a
multidimensional poverty index (MPI) to measure poverty considers non-income related
factors like years of schooling, child school attendance, child mortality, nutrition, electricity, sanitation, drinking water, floor status, cooking fuel and assets, where assets covers
possession of radio, tv, telephone, bike, motorbike, refrigerator and car. Empirical analysis
by applying Sobel test on the likert scaled data taken from households from the suburbs
of Rawalpindi and Islamabad through an administrated questionnaire, we intend to test
the hypothesis that income factor is a mediating factor in the relationship between MPI
and non-income factors.
Keywords: Poverty, Human Living Standards, MPI and Non-Income Factors
Efficiency Analysis on Public Transport Routes in Lahore, Pakistan
Nimra Noor, Dr. Maryam Wasif
Lahore College for Women University
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Public transport has been a focus of current government financial allocations. The efficiency of such projects should also be brought under consideration. Accordingly, this
paper estimates the efficiency analysis of the franchised based bus services on the 15
selected urban public bus routes of the Lahore city using the data envelopment analysis
(DEA) based on the selected inputs (number of operational buses, total number of stops
,headway , fuel consumption) and outputs (vehicle-kilometer and passenger ridership).
The data have been collected from the service provider private operators and the LTC
(i.e. Regulatory authority in Lahore) for the time period from july-2013 to mar-2014. Two
approaches have been used in which one assesses the technical efficiency by considering the bcc and CCR models and other approach i.e. Malmquist productivity index helps
to determine the total factor productivity (TFP) through evaluating the technological
change, technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and pure efficiency change
under the selected input-orientation.
Keywords: Technical Efficiency, DEA, VRS, CRS, Public Transport.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Economic Hurdles and FDI: A Cross Countries Analysis
Sana Ullah, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Nazmeen Syed
Federal Urdu University, Arts, Science and Technology
This study aim at scrutinizes the economic barriers that influencing the FDI inflows of six
South Asian countries using panel dataset from the period 1986 to2012. The study employs panel analysis and selected variables GDP, political globalization, inflation, tariff, tax
rate, crime rate, as the possible hurdle of FDI inflows of Asian countries. For the purpose,
as the different indicators (GDP, political globalization, and inflation) are complementary;
their individual effect is found to reinforce the level of FDI inflows to the host country.
On the contrary, tariff, tax rate, and crime rate have no significant barrier in regions. Our
results are also healthy to many model specifications.
Keywords: FDI, Tax Rate, Panel Data.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
HRM – I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Way International Staffing Policies and Practices Influence on Organizational Performance: A Study of Multinational Companies in Emerging Markets
Ambreen Sarwar, Saqib Ali, Uzair Akhter
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
This present study investigates the impact between international staffing policies practices and organizational performance in term of financial perspective, customer perspective,
internal process perspective, learning and growth of the multinational companies work in
emerging markets. The association of international staffing policies practices with organizational performance was also identified. The aim of this paper is achieved by developing and testing the model based on international staffing policies practices including as
ethnocentric approach, polycentric approach and geocentric approach as independent
variable and organizational performance as dependent variable, organizational culture
considered as moderating variable. A structured questionnaire was send to the employees that were working in the different subsidiaries of the multinational companies in the
emerging markets and their responses were collected for study purpose. The results of
this study prove that international staffing policies practices and organizational performance have a significant relationship. Furthermore the organizations used appropriate
international staffing policies generate higher performance in term of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, learning and growth as compare
to other organizations that use inappropriate international staffing policies. To survive
and sustain for future it is essential that the multinational companies should implement
suitable international staffing practices to boost organizational performance and gain
competitive advantage.
Keywords: Ethnocentric Approach, Polycentric Approach, Geocentric Approach, Organizational Performance
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Human Resource Practices on Employee Perceived Performance in Pharmaceutical Sector of Pakistan
Dr. Ghulam Dastgeer, Malik Shahzad Shabbir
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Human resource has various practices such as compensation, promotion and performance evaluation etc. This study is going to evaluate the impact of these three human
resource practices on perceived employee performance. The data is collected through
questionnaire from pharmaceutical companies located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities
of Pakistan. To measure the impact of human resource practices on employee perceived
performance, correlation and multiple regressions are used. The correlation result shows
significant relationship between mentioned human resource practices and employee
perceived performance. Multiple regressions present substantial variance in perceived
employees’ performance due to these human resource practices. Whereas, the individual
results of regression analysis informs that compensation has premier role in explaining
the employee perceived performance. It appears that the pharmaceutical companies may
pay special attention to these three practices in order to ensure the employee performance.
Keywords: Human Resource, Practices, Compensation, Promotion, Performance Evaluation, Employee Perceived Performance.
Workplace Friendship and Employee Performance in Private Sector
Higher Education Institutes
Zahra Amjad, Ayesha Zahid, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of workplace friendship (WPF) on
employee’s task and contextual performance, job satisfaction and turnover intentions in
university employees of higher education institutes of Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected from 400 employees of private sector higher education institutes of Lahore. Step wise
regression analyses and principal component analysis were used to confirm the research
hypothesis. The focus of the research was the employees of private sector HEIS only. Results indicate that workplace friendship significantly affects turnover intentions and organizational commitment. Considering the importance of employee’s performance, workplace friendship and organizational commitment in higher education institution (HEIS),
researchers, policy makers and academic administrative should take necessary measures
to increase the satisfaction and commitment of the employees through informal relations.
Keywords: Workplace Friendship, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intentions, Employee’s Performance, HEIS.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Role of Organizational Culture in Organizational Performance: A Mediation of Job Satisfaction of the Teachers of Public and Private Colleges of
Sialkot
Imran Khan
Superior College, Sialkot
The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of organizational culture on job
satisfaction of teacher which ultimately affects the performance of teachers of public and
private education sector of Sialkot which is the third largest economic hub of Punjab after Lahore and Faisalabad. Data were collected from a sample of 253 teachers through
structured questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the construct
validity. Structural equation modeling was conducted to determine the effect of organizational culture on job satisfaction of teachers and organizational performance. Job satisfaction is the substantial part of teacher’s personality which bestows him a sense of feeling
and to be a complete organization in him, which is nourished under the supportive organizational environment with the policy made by organization. Empirical findings show
that organizational culture is related to managers and leaders (OCM) and organizational
culture is related to employees (OCE) as both kinds of culture have positive and significant
effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, the job satisfaction also has strong and positive
impact on the organizational performance.
Keywords: Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, Higher Educational Institutes, Sialkot,
Performance.
Factors of Employees’ Motivation in Private Organizations of Pakistan
Saad Arshad
HR Team Leader
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of selected factors on
employee’s motivation at work place in private organizations of Pakistan. A quantitative survey design has been used for the empirical study. Data have been collected from
150 employees of private organization’s through structured questionnaire. The data have
been analyzed through regression analysis. Empirical findings show the significant effect
of factors on motivation. Based on the findings, this study will also provide the gate way
for several organization’s to use employees’ motivation strategy level to gain the competitive edge. The study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge by highlighting
the factors that affect employees’ motivation in private organizations of Pakistan. Moreover, the findings of the study explain the role of job satisfaction, team work, promotion
and recognition on employees’ motivation.
Keywords: Employees’ Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Teamwork, Promotion, Recognition.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Role of Performance Management and Career Development in Affecting Turnover Intentions of Banking Sector Employees in Pakistan
Muhammad Omer Masood
The Bank of Punjab
The current research study examines the role of performance management and career
development in affecting turnover intentions in private banks of Pakistan. Quantitative
research method is used for conducting the proposed study. Self-administrative structured questionnaire was used which includes 5 items of career development, 6 items of
performance management and 7 items of turnover intentions. Total 150 respondents
were selected for data collection out of which 110 returned. Principal component analysis
(PCA) was employed for developing constructs and component matrix. Multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics were applied to support the theoretical model. The
findings of the proposed study revealed that there is a significant relation of performance
management and career development with employee’s turnover intentions. The study
investigates the key reasons of employee’s turnover intentions and helps in amendment
of hr policies. Based on the results and findings, this study enables hr executives to overcome this dilemma and retain their assets (human capital).
Keywords: Performance Management, Career Development, Turnover Intentions.
Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Employees’ Commitment
in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
M. Affaq Saleemi
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employees’ organizational commitment in banking sector of Pakistan. A quantitative survey design has been used for conducting the empirical study. Data are collected
by using questionnaires from 150 managers serving in several banks of Pakistan. For the
analysis of the data, principle component analysis method and regression analysis tests
have been applied to find out the Results. The focus of this proposed study is limited
to the managers working at various tiers in banking industry of Pakistan thus cannot be
generalized to other sectors. The research findings reveal that there is positive relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and employees’ commitment. Like, it has
been proven that the more the motivation is involved as more the employee is committed towards his organization. These outcomes are associated with guiding the top management for working towards increasing employees’ commitment level. This study contributed significantly to the body of knowledge by examining the impacts of intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation on employees’ commitment. Furthermore, the findings of the study
helped policymakers in devising such policies and procedures that can enhance the satisfaction level of banking employees through effective motivation.
Keywords: Effective Motivation, Employee’s Commitment.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Leaders’ social intelligence and its influence on followers feeling of energy and creative work involvement
Dr. Ishfaq Ahmed
Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore
The present paper is aimed at investigating the relationship between leaders’ social intelligence (SI) on followers’ creative work involvement (CWI). It also investigates how feeling
of energy (FE) can explain the relationship of SI & CWI. SI is defined as ability to understand
others’ concerns, feelings and emotional states, social situational contexts; dealing with
such concerns & emotions and using them for building and maintaining positive social
relations (Rahim, 2014). Energy is defined as “the feeling that a person is capable of and
eager to engage in a particular behavior or undertake a task” (Dutton & Heapy, 2003, p.
266), while creative work involvement covers “the extent to which an employee engages
his or her time, effort and resources in creative process associated with work” has not
been given due importance (Carmeli & Schaubroeck, 2007 p. 36).
Data on SI and FE is collected from (n=234) employees from IT firms located in Lahore,
while creative involvement is reported by (n=60) team leaders. Data analyses, through
structural equation modeling, shows that supervisor with great social intelligence have
great influence on creative involvement of their team fellows. Implications, future directions and limitations of the study are also given at the end of the article.
Keywords: Creative work involvement, energy, social intelligence, leadership
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
HRM – II
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Policy on Competitiveness of
Organization’s in Pakistan
Ahmed Moneeb Ashraf
University Of Health Science, Lahore
The purpose of the empirical study is to determine the relationship between strategic
human resource policy and competitiveness of organizations in Pakistan. A quantitative
survey design has been used for conducting this study. Data have been collected through
questionnaires from 150 business professionals serving in public and private sector of
Pakistan. Linear regression has been employed to check the impact of strategic human
resource policy on competitiveness of the organizations. The results show that there is
moderate relationship between the strategic human resource policy and competitiveness
of the organization’s. The focus of this empirical study is limited to the professionals working in public and private sector of Pakistan thus cannot be generalized to other sectors.
The sample is limited to the geographical area of Lahore, so, a larger sample can be used
to further generalize the findings to a larger population. The findings of the study help the
policy makers and overall organization to take a competitive edge.
Keywords: Strategic Human Resource Policy, Competitiveness of Organization.
Factors of Job Stress and its Impact on Employee’s Performance
Rameeza Aftab
Superior University Campus, Lahore
We, in every step of life, have to face stress. The employees who are working in different
organizations are forced to deal with stress. This stress, if not managed, results in dissatisfaction of the employees with their jobs. The objective of this study was to illustrate
the relationship between factors that cause stress and its impact on performance of the
employees. For this purpose, some organizational factors that can cause stress were taken as independent variable, stress as mediating and performance of the employees was
taken as dependent variable. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among
the employees of different manufacturing companies located in Lahore. Out of 170, 164
questionnaires were returned. For testing the hypothesis, correlation test was applied to
all the variables. The results show that all the factors (work overload, time pressure, job insecurity, lack of management support and workplace environment) are positively related
with stress and there is a negative relationship between stress and performance level of
the employees. In this study, stress management techniques are also recommended that
will help the organization’s to reduce the level of stress among their employees. After
feeling less stress, the employees will be more satisfied with their jobs and will definitely
perform better.
Keywords: Employees, Stress, Performance, Job.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Employee Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Satisfaction
on Employees’ Performance
Rida Ashraf
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The focus of the research paper is to conclude that how motivation and satisfaction affect
an employee’s performance in the airline industry of Pakistan. The questionnaire is used
as a tool of data collection. There are 20 questions which were asked in the questionnaire.
A random sample of 100 employees has been selected for the survey from Shaheen Airline, Pakistan international airline and air blue. Regression and correlation test analysis
were used to know the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The
findings report a relationship between employees’ satisfaction and employees’ performance and between employees’ motivation and employees’ performance. The study has
many key implications for the policy makers in order to achieve high performance of the
airline employees using the tools of employees’ satisfaction and motivation.
Keywords: Satisfaction, Motivation. Productivity, Organization Benefits.
Role of HR Practices (Bundle) in Gaining Employee Outcome: An Empirical Study in the Context of Pharmaceutical Sector of Pakistan
Shabnam Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
In this modern and competitive era, the phenomenon of gaining employee outcome
is major apprehension across the globe. So, this paper attempts to suggest a detailed
conceptual framework of hr practices (bundle) that contribute to employee outcome.
Therefore, we highlighted various hrp bundle: namely recruitment and selection, training
and development, employee involvement, employee empowerment, team working, job
security, performance appraisal and extensive remuneration system as independent variable. While certain aspects of employee outcome (employee commitment, engagement,
satisfaction, employee loyalty and employee motivation) are taken as dependent variable.
Data have been collected from 350 employees of pharmaceutical industry of Lahore, Pakistan by using self-administered close ended questionnaire. Regression analysis has been
used to check and test the association between selected variables. Results indicate that
the HRP bundle has positive significant relationship with employee outcomes. The above
study provides an enormous contribution to the overall literature of the topic. This study
will also be useful for the managers to ensure the effective policies that help them to improve the employee outcomes through focusing upon the implementation of various hr
practices.
Keywords: HR Practices (Bundle), Employee Commitment, Employee Engagement, Employee Satisfaction, Employee Loyalty and Employee Motivation.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Empowerment & Training on Organizational Performance
Faiza Zafar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This research paper presents different viewpoints of various authors regarding the significance of empowerment and training & development for employee performance and
organizational effectiveness. Human capital is an important asset for organizations under
concentrated competition. These functions enable human capital to unleash their dexterity. Human resource is considered as strategic backbone of the organization and empowerment of employees is a new move towards the human resource development. Firms
need to organize training programs more efficiently so that they can get the highest returns from their investment. This study examines the impact of empowerment and training on organizational performance. For the purpose of this study, data from 250 respondents of different organization’s including financial institutions, educational institutions
and a home appliances organization through questionnaires were collected and it was
analyzed by checking reliability and correlation and regression. PCA was used to reduce
the data. The study proposes that empowerment and training have positive impact on
organizational performance.
Keywords: Empowerment, Training, Organizational Performance.
Impact of HR Practices on Employees’ Performance
Uamara Sheikh
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore
In every era, multinational companies have always been ready to offer fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) in developed and under developed countries. They always focus
on rapid expansion through employees’ performance. The current study is quantitative
in nature and examines the function of human resource management and function of its
practices including performance appraisal, career planning, employee participation, job
definition, compensation, selection and performance as perceived by the respondents.
A closed ended questioner was used to collect the data. Respondents from nestle & Unilever, Pakistan were given survey questions by making 5 point Likert scale method. Data
were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression method to find
relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results indicate that the selection is significantly correlated with employees’ performance. Moreover, performance
appraisal, compensation, and selection have significant regression effects on employees’
performance.
Keywords: HR Practices, Pakistan Multinational Companies (Food & Beverage), Performance Appraisal, Career Planning, Employees’ Participation, Job Definition, Compensation
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Rewards and Administrative Policies on Teacher’s Job Motivation Level in the Universities of Lahore, Pakistan
Sajid Ali Khan
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore
This study examines the impact of rewards/incentives and administrative policies on
teacher’s job motivation level in the universities of Lahore, Pakistan. In this study, incentives/rewards and administrative policies were taken as independent variables while motivation was taken as dependent variable. In this study, data have been collected through
self-administered survey questionnaire containing closed ended questions measured on
five point likert scale. The study found positive relationship among rewards, administrative policies and job motivation among university teachers in Lahore. The study provides
important policy implications for decision makers to increase job motivation among faculty members.
Keywords: Incentives/Rewards, Administrative Policies, Job Motivational Level, University
Academicians.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
HRM – III
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Job Insecurity to Journalists and its Effects on their Performances
Muhammad Ali Nasir, Sahar Mursleen, Sohail Riaz Raja
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Freedom of speech is the basic right of everyone and journalists raise the peoples’ voices
before the concerned authorities. They dig the truth by putting their lives in risk. Journalists, whether they are from the electronic media or print media, are most vulnerable
with reference to their job security with no perks and higher risks of sudden termination.
The study is basically aimed at knowing the fears, aspects and reasons of journalists’ job
security and its effects on their performances. Non-probability sampling was used as the
population did not have an equal chance of being selected. Survey technique was used
for this study. The sample size was 50 respondents to whom the questionnaires were given. The findings suggested that journalists have fears regarding their jobs which are ultimately affecting their performance. The study has been concluded with theoretical and
practical entailments for academicians, owners of newspapers, owners of news channels
and journalistic bodies. Steps are suggested for giving job security to journalists who will
ultimately boost their performances.
Keywords: Journalists and Job Security, Job Fears To Journalists, Media Owners, Journalists’ Job Insecurity And Performance.
Influences of HRM Practices on Employee Performance and Organizational Commitment: A Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Rabia Mian, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This study examines the influence of HRM practices on the job satisfaction and organization commitment. HRM practices include the training and development, performance
appraisal, and compensation benefits which are related to the motivation, capability,
and opportunity to the employee in the organization. If employee adapts all these things
through human resource management practices the employee motivation and organization commitment level will be increased automatically. Moreover, focusing on the job human resource management practice according to need and requirement of the employee
proves more fruitful for the organization, this means to contribute to the productivity of
the employee and profit rate of the organization. It is a quantitative study which examines
the influence of hrm practices on employee’s motivation and organization commitment.
Close ended questionnaires have been used for data collection with cronbach’s alpha
0.788 and sample size is 100 respondents. Correlation and regression test are applied to
check the relationship and strength between variable. Regression analysis indicates that
HRM practices 71% 78% 33% have contributed to the job satisfaction, employee’s motivation and organization commitment respectively. Organization commitment enhances the
trust level and provides career opportunity to sustain the employee in the organization.
Job satisfaction shows the commitment level of the employees.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, HRM Practices, Training and Development, Motivation.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Evaluating the Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Performance: A Study of Pakistan Textile Sector
Uzair Akhter, Saqib Ali, Ambreen Sarwar
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
This present study investigates the impact between human resource management practices and organizational performance in term of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, learning and growth of the textile sector of Pakistan.
The association of human resource management practices with organizational performance was also identified.
The aim of this paper is achieved by developing and testing the model based on human resource management practices including recruitment and selection, training and
development, performance appraisal, career planning system, compensation system and
employee’s participation as independent variable on the organizational performance as
dependent variable as well as employee’s performance considered as moderating variable. A structured questionnaire was send to the different textile mills and their responses
were collected for study purpose.
The results of this study prove that human resource management practices and organizational performance have a significant relationship. Furthermore the organizations used
appropriate human resource management practices generate higher performance in
term of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, learning
and growth as compare to other organizations that use inappropriate human resource
management practices. To survive and sustain for future it is important that the textile
sector companies should implement suitable human resource management practices to
boost organizational performance and gain competitive.
Keywords: Human Resource Management, Organizational Performance, Pakistan Textile
Sector
Impact of Employee Empowerment, Competence and Self-Determination on Employee Motivation in Health Sector
Muhammad Waseem Malik, Muhammad Sajjad
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of employee’s empowerment, competence and self-determination on employee’s motivation. Survey questionnaires were
distributed among conveniently selected 131 people in different hospitals of Lahore.
For data analysis, regression, correlation, reliability analysis and descriptive analysis were
used. It is founded that employee’s empowerment, self-determination, and competence
have effects on employee’s motivation. The findings of this research study are important
for the policy makers and practitioners working in health sector of lahore. In future, research similar studies can be conducted using a large sample and considering other factors of employee’s motivation for the purpose of generalisation.
Keywords: Employee’s Empowerment, Competence, Self-Determination, Employee’s Motivation.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors Affecting Motivation: A Case of Public Sector Higher Education
Institutes
Syed Bilal
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore
The study attempted to identify factors affecting and assessing the level of motivation
of employees working in public sector higher education institutes of lahore. The study
chose primary data. With a view to collect primary data, a structured questionnaire was
distributed among 150 employees. Regression and correlation tests have been employed
for analysis. The study identified three broad categories of motivation factors such as (1)
recognition, (2) appreciation (3) rewards. The study finds that nonfinancial factors have
a significant higher impact on the employee’s motivation than the financial factors. The
study concluded that the employees working in higher public institutes are adequately
motivated, though a significant difference of level of motivation was noticed among gender, different age groups, working status, working position and length of employment
comparison. This study offers useful information as it provides both, the practical implications for professionals working on staff posts within public sector university setup in Pakistan, and theoretical implications for researchers interested in exploring job satisfaction
in a higher education context.
Keywords: Motivation, Recognition, Appreciation, Rewards.
Impact of Fair Recruitment on Employee Motivation
Lareb Muqeet
Shaheen Air International
The purpose of this study is to relate fair recruitment to employees’ motivation, controlling the job satisfaction and job security for employees in aviation industry of Pakistan.
Quantitative research method has been used through structured questionnaire. Statistical
analysis has been conducted through regression and correlation tests. The results of this
empirical study show that impact of fair recruitment on employees’ motivation is reliable.
Fair recruitment as an independent variable has strong relationship with dependent variables such as job satisfaction and employee motivation but with job security, fair recruitment has weak positive relationship. When people are fairly recruited employees feel job
satisfaction and also feel motivation. This study is limited to a single job within aviation
sector because it represents a core job within aviation sector and is critical to the success
of any airline. This study is also limited because it included only fair recruitment from existing theory base and may not be familiar in some of the aviation companies.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Employee Motivation, Fair Recruitment.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Effect of Gender Discrimination on Employee’s Performance in Private
Banks of Pakistan
Muneer Ahmad
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of the empirical study is to determine the effect of gender discrimination at
workplace on employee’s performance, particularly in banking sector of Lahore, Pakistan.
A comparative study of private sector banks have been undertaken to find the extent
of gender discrimination that exists in the banking sector of Pakistan and its impact on
employee’s satisfaction. A quantitative survey design has been used for conducting the
empirical study. A sample of 100 respondents has been surveyed through conveniently
distributed structured questionnaires. Regression is utilized to test the effect of gender
discrimination at workplace on employee’s performance, particularly in banking sector of
Lahore, Pakistan. The findings show that impact of gender discrimination in promotion,
training, compensation and benefit on employee’s performance is evident. The focus of
this empirical study is limited to people from banking sector of Pakistan thus cannot be
generalized to other sectors. The findings of the study will help officials and policy makers in deciding that both males and females working in banks should be treated equally
which would eventually contribute towards the economic growth and development of
society.
Keywords: Gender Discrimination, Employees Performance, Lahore.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
HRM – IV
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Satisfaction: An Empirical
Study of SME’S Industry in Pakistan
Zahid Hassan
PCA Cargo (Pvt) Limited
This research paper is proposed to examine the relationship between organizational
culture and employees’ satisfaction of small &medium enterprising sector of Pakistan. A
quantitative survey was designed for conducting this empirical study. Data were collected
by using self-administrated questionnaires from 86 employees serving in SME’S sector of
Pakistan. For analysis of the data, correlation and regression analysis have been used. The
formulated hypothesis is proved to be true. Data analysis revealed that there is a positive
relationship between each factor of organizational culture which is named environmental
role (ER), reward system (RS), employee career growth (CG), and employee involvement
(EI) with the employees’ satisfaction. The focus of this empirical study was limited to the
employees working at various tiers in SME’S industry of Pakistan thus cannot be generalized to other sectors. Since the sample size of 86 is being selected for proposed study
which is limited to the geographical area of Lahore, so, a larger sample can be used to further generalize the findings to a larger population. The findings of the study will help top
management to focus on developing, supporting, encouraging and motivating culture to
ensure employees’ satisfaction.
Keywords: Organizational Culture, Employees’ Satisfaction, Motivating.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Inter-Relationship of Service Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Career Commitment and Work Commitment on the Organizational Commitment: An
Empirical Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan
Muhammad Khyzer Bin Dost, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Commercial banks are playing an important role in the overall world’s economy. And
their employees are accountable to provide best services to their clients. If employees
are committed with their bank then they will try to deliver outstanding services to their
clients then it will pass an ever lasting impact on the customers of bank. It will become
the competitive edge of the bank. Commercial banks are a good source of providing commercial services in Pakistan. Research indicates that it has now become a big challenge
in the commercial banks of Pakistan to keep employees committed with their job as well
as with their organization. Basically, this study is about analyzing the employees’ commitment in all Islamic and conventional banks of Lahore. The main aim of the study is to find
out those factors that affect organizational commitment and then try to improve those
factors. When the targeted sample is selected, there is a turn to develop a questionnaire.
To calculate the organizational commitment in the banks, the study considers four independent variables that are job satisfaction, service commitment, career commitment
and work commitment. Initially, required sample size were 100-150 respondents of both
Islamic and conventional banks. But 134 respondents participated in this research. For
getting reliable results, questionnaires were distributed in the banks and then collected
back to analyze the results.
Keywords: Inter-Relationship, Service Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Career Commitment, Work Commitment, Organizational Commitment, Banking Sector of Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Inter-Domain Conflict on the Job Performance of Police Personals
Farah Yasmin Bukhari, Usman Sadiq
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The law and order institutions of any country are responsible for providing the peace to
their citizens. Meanwhile, employee’s retention is also very crucial for those institutions.
Every time, the employees of these institutions are facing some sort of stress. Inter-domain conflict is a dominant matter that creates job stress among the police personnel.
Multiple researches investigated the relationship of job stress with different variables in
different occupations. However, a little is available previously about police department.
The deductive nature research aims to explore the relationship among inter-domain conflict, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intention to leave the job through
mediating effect of job stress. It is a timely study, dealing with the issue of police personnel stress and its outcomes, especially in a developing country like Pakistan where the
law and order situations play a significant role towards development. Data were collected
from different ranks of police personnel working in Punjab, Pakistan. Researcher distributed self-administered 800 structured questionnaires. Data will be analyzed through SPSS.
Results will reveal a significant relation between inter-domain conflict and job stress and
mediating effect of job stress on job constructs. On the basis of results, many reforms will
be needed in this profession. Research limitations, recommendations, suggestions and
future research areas will be provided further.
Keywords: Inter-Domain Conflict, Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Training & Development on Reduction of Non-Performing
Loans Pertained to Micro Finance & Small Scale Farmers in Suburbs Areas of District Lahore
Mirza Muhammad Ali Baig, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This study is conducted on the beneficiary farmers at the grass root level who are interested in getting loans from banks for crop production techniques and financial management inter alia. This was aimed at improving the loan repayment performance of the
project beneficiary farmers. The sub-urban areas of district Lahore and Kasur are used as a
pilot study to mainly assess the effects of training on loan repayment among the beneficiary small scale farmers regarding agricultural and micro financing facilities from banks
& specialised financial institutions. Questionnaires were administered to collect data from
one hundred (100) respondents, using the judgmental sampling technique. The collected
data were analysed using the descriptive statistical tools of frequency tables and percentages. The results showed that farmers obtained higher crop yields resulting in the application of the crop production methods trained in. It is recommended that the SBP shortens
the loan processing time between application and disbursement to about two weeks to
avoid diversion of loan funds. The SBP also needs to improve upon its frequency and timing of monitoring and recovery of the funds disbursed under the project. The SBP should
also consider including in its training regime effective marketing strategies to enable the
farmers sell their product and pay off the loan in time to minimise non-performing loans.
Keywords: Training & Development, Non Performing Loans, Micro Finance & Small Scale
Farmers, Suburbs Areas, Lahore.
Declining Employment for Male and Motherhood of Females: Evidence
from Muslim Countries
Sehrish Liaquat
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Modern times have brought newer social and economic issues. It is still less researched
area that much male employment is not having an increasing trend. The motherhood
among females is also not on upward trajectory. Such is forecasted by famous philosopher and thinker known as Dr. Iqbal. This research paper combines these two unfavorable situations and investigates their coexistence. We shall choose a sample of Muslim
countries for the time period 1990-2012. Relevant variables shall be chosen to proxy the
two dimensions to measure the phenomena related with male and female. Findings of
this paper shall directly contribute the knowledge on socio-economic linkages in Muslim
countries and relevant policy could be formulated.
.
Keywords: Employment, Motherhood, Panel Data.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Does HRIS Create Organisational Commitment and Productivity? (An Explanatory Study in the Aviation Sector of Pakistan)
Usman Sadiq
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Intellectual capital management practices and technological advancements are the main
innovations of this millennium. Globally, the competition in every industry is based on
effective utilization of technology and human resource. However, the aviation industry
is more competitive as they have higher initial investments and higher fixed costs. HRIS
is relatively new system in devolving country like Pakistan and it is still not clear whether effectiveness of such system is relevant to the other factors unique to the developed
countries. This study seeks to establish the relationship between HRIS and employee
performance whereas organizational commitment has been taken as mediating variable.
Based on the positivism paradigm, a structured questionnaire has been prepared and distributed among the hr personnel’s working in aviation industry. Data has been collected
through cluster sampling. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among the hr
personnel and response rate was 80%. After collecting data, it was analyzed using SPSS.
Results revealed a direct impact of HRIS on the employee productivity. Moreover, mediation of the organizational commitment is also confirmed by this study. Based on the
findings some managerial implications and future research agenda were recommended.
Keywords: Human Resource Information System, Employee’s Productivity, Organizational
Commitment, Aviation Industry, Pakistan.
Does Organisation with Greater Intellectual Capital has Higher Profitability? The Case of Pakistan in Textile Sector
Mamoona Majeed
Mobilink
Nowadays despite the increasing importance of intangible assets, especially intellectual
capital in the companies, the majority of the traditional accounting systems are unable to
calculate the intellectual capital properly. Businesses that understand the concept of intellectual capital are more likely to be successful since they realize that intellectual capital
is very valuable, and they continually update their knowledge and abilities to compete
with others. The purpose of this study is to investigate empirical relation between the
intellectual capital and the financial performance of textile sector in Pakistan. For this purpose, data are collected for 5 years of 10 textile companies listed in stock exchange. Pool
unit root test and pooled least squares method are employed to examine the relationship
between the intellectual capital including human capital, structural capital and the relational capital and financial performance. The results support the hypothesis that firms’
intellectual capital has significant impact on the financial performance regarding return
on investment and return on equity. The results of this study can illuminate the role and
importance of intellectual capital to improve financial performance for companies.
Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Financial Performance, Textile Sector.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Banking and Finance – I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Does Institutional Quality Reflect on Stock Market: A Case Study of KSE
Muhammad Sami Ullah Khan
Superior College, Gujrat
Stock market development and efficient financial system of a country have a strong
positive relation with economic growth. This study is attempted to find out the potential institutional determinants of stock market development. We investigated the impact
of economic, legal and political institutional quality on stock market development. We
employed Johansson co integration and error correction model on time series data from
1990-2010 and empirically determined the results. Our findings validated that there is
long run equilibrium relationship between stock market development and economic (EQ),
legal (LQ) and political (PL) institutional quality. The results also confirmed that economic
institutional quality d (EQ) and legal institutional quality d (LQ) are significant explanatory
variables and positively related with stock market development.
Keywords: Institutional Quality, Stock Market, KSE.
Factors that Affect the Profitability of Banks in Pakistan
Ali Hasnain
Maison Consulting and Solutions
The objective of this study is to examine the performance of banking in Pakistan by taking
ROA and roe as dependent variables and independent variables are deposit, debt and asset. Quantitative approach is used in this research. In Pakistan, five banks have been chosen as a sample. Secondary data is used in the research. Data are collected from annual
reports from 2008 to 2013 of sample banks. Eviews data analysis technique will be used
for analysis. The proposed research is only limited to Pakistan because of this we cannot
make statement on broader level. The sample of the study is only limited to five and the
results may be different if more samples are taken. Only five years data have been taken
for the analysis. The study is helpful for future research in a number of ways. The reader
will be aware of the progress and trends of banking in Pakistan that how Islamic banks are
contributing to economic development of Pakistan. The variables chosen in this study can
help the reader to assess the performance of banking in Pakistan.
Keywords: Banks, Return on Equity, Return on Assets, Deposits, Assets And Debts.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Capital Structure on Profitability: An Empirical Analysis of Cement Sector of Pakistan
Touseef Ahmad, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of capital structure on profitability of
cement sector of Pakistan. A panel data of 16 firms listed on the Karachi stock exchange
was put under study for a period of 6 years (2005-2010). Two major sets of variables are
used: to indicate capital structure i.e. Debt/equity ratio, debt ratio, interest coverage ratio,
short term debt to asset, and long term debt to assets and for profitability i.e. Return on
equity. The variables were analysed using fixed and random effect methodology by using
stata 11. The results implied that profitability is significantly related to capital structure.
Specifically, profitability was inversely related to the amount of liability in a company’s
capital structure. Therefore, the more debt a firm incurs, the worse its earnings are.
Keywords: Return on Equity, Debt, Equity, Capital Structure.
Motivators of Corporate Hedging Policies and Derivatives Usage in Risk
Management Practices: Evidence from Pakistani Non-Financial Firms
Saqib Mehmood
University Of Gujrat, Gujrat
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Derivatives are the major icon among risk management practices. Firms usually use derivatives to hedge their foreign exchange and interest rate risk. This study aims to examine
the determinants of corporate hedging policies and derivative usage in risk management
particularly in the case of Pakistan. The political and economic conditions in Pakistan are
highly volatile which intends the corporations to handle and mitigate their risk through
channelising the derivatives. Secondary data of 75 non financial firms listed in Karachi
stock exchange was collected over the period 2009-2013 to regress empirically for achieving the aim of this study. Mann-Whitney u test was used to distinguish the derivative user
and non user. The findings of this test characterises users as large size, higher growth opportunities, cash flow volatility, foreign exchange and interest rate exposure. Moreover,
this study found that there is a significant relationship among the use of derivatives and
foreign purchase, liquidity, firm growth and size. The findings suggest that derivative users have competitive edge over the non user as they get economies of scale and proper
risk management through these kinds of derivative instruments.
Keywords: Corporate Hedging, Derivatives, Risk Management, Foreign Exchange Derivatives, Interest Rate Derivatives, Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Working Capital Management Policies on the Firm’s Profitability in Textile Sector of Pakistan
Muhammad Nawaz Butt, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Working capital is the key segment of financial management and plays a significant role
in better performance of manufacturing firm. This study analyses the effect of working
capital management policies on the firm’s profitability in the context of textile sector of
Pakistan. For this purpose, panel data of 63 textile firm is used which are listed on Karachi
stock exchange for the period of 2008-2012. Return on assets is used as a measure of profitability. Current assets to total assets ratio is used to compute the investment policy of
working capital management and to determine financing policy of working capital management current liabilities to total assets ratio is used. Other variables that are used in this
study are quick ratio, debt to equity ratio and size of the firms. The results of regression
analysis indicate that aggressiveness of working capital management policies is negatively connected with profitability. Moreover, liquidity and size of the firm have positive
relation with profitability whereas debt to equity ratio is negatively correlated with profitability. Textile sector is one of the major sectors of Pakistan. It needs due consideration
regarding the management of assets and liabilities. For efficient working management,
specialised person in the field of finance should be hired by the firm for expert advice on
working management in the field of textile sector.
Keywords: Working Capital Management, Profitability, Textile Sector, Pakistan.
Effect of Working Capital Management on the Profitability: A Study on
the oil and Gas Sector of (KSE) Karachi Stock Exchange
Saeed Afzal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Working capital management appearance can be measured by changing in profitability of
the firm. Working capital management is vital element of financial management handling
for decision making. The aim of this study is to observe the relation between working capital management (WCM) and profitability of companies listed in Karachi stock exchange
(KSE) in the sector of oil and gas for the 5 years period from 2009-2013. For this investigation, the effects of different variables of working capital management are used inventory
turnover, payable ratio, receivable ratio, cash conversion cycle, current ratio and quick
ratio. The results are obtained by correlation and fixed effect model where investigations
show no significant relationship of gross profit margin with number of day’s account receivable and number of day’s account payable. However, the positive significant relationship has been seen among the gross profit margin with number of day’s inventory, cash
conversion cycle and sales growth. Significant relationship of profitability with variables
plays an important role to maximise the profit and financial manager can produce return
for their shareholder by making appropriate decision for their working capital. Analysis
points out that effective management practices can enhance the positive profitability.
Keywords: Working Capital Management, Profitability, Oil and Gas Sector, Karachi Stock
Exchange.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance: A Case Study of
Pakistan Textile Industry
Imtiaz Najam
COMSATS Institute of IT, Lahore
The capital structure of the firm is backbone and essentials part of the firm. It plays a very
important role to capture the market while fabricating maximum financial performance
which is the best interest of the share and stake holders for more investment as well.
The textile industry of Pakistan is the largest industry and major segment of manufacturing sector is very helpful to capture the importers. But unfortunately, the performance of
Pakistan textile industry is under the optimum level which is a very serious matter. In this
quantitative study, 31 registered firms at Karachi stock exchange (KSE) of Pakistan were
analysed for the period of four years 2010-2013 to seek the best mixture of capital structure to enhance the firm’s profitability. The panel data was fetched from annual financial
reports of the firms. Wherein, return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share are
considered as dependent variables. Independent variables are short-term debt, long-term
debt, debt to assets ratio, debt to equity ratio and firm size which are considered as control
variable. To identify the cause and effects relationship between the variables, pooled and
fixed effects regression models were applied. The analysis concludes that capital structure
has significant effect on financial performance in case of return on equity & earnings per
share and insignificant in case of return on assets.
Keywords: Capital Structure, Short-Term Debt (STD), Long-Term Debt (LTD), Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Firm Size (FSV), Financial Performance, Return
on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings per Share (EPS) and Textile Industry of
Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Analysis of Capital Structure with Performance of Listed Companies Operating in Textile Sector of Pakistan
Amara Awan
Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
Core objective of the study is to analyze the relationship and impact of capital structure
on companies’ performance. Listed companies of Karachi stock exchange from textile sector of Pakistan have been selected for this analysis as it is the major sector of Pakistan.
Debt ratios including debt to equity, short term debt to total assets and long term debt
to total assets, equity multiplier and capital ratio have been used as explanatory variables
while return on assets and earnings per share have been used as dependent variables for
measuring the performance. Data of these variables has been collected from the published financial statements of companies, financial statement analysis published by state
bank of Pakistan and analysis reports published by KSE. Fixed effect panel data has been
used for analysis based upon the results of Hausman’s test which is used to check whether
fixed or random effect exists in panel data. Moreover, assumptions of multicollinearity,
heteroskedasticity, contemporaneous correlation and auto/serial correlation have also
been tested. From the results obtained by testing these assumptions, it has been found
that panel data contained issues of heteroskedasticity, contemporaneous correlation and
auto correlation. In the presence of these issues in panel data, technique of PCSE along
with Prais-Winsten regression has been finalized for analysis. Prais-Winsten regression is
used to consider the issue of serial correlation present in the data (Prais & Winsten, 1954).
Along with it, technique of panel correct standard errors is used to resolve the issue of heterogeneity as well as contemporaneous correlation (Podestà, 2002). Results of regression
analysis revealed negative relation of debt ratios with companies’ performance negative
relation of capital structure ratios lead to the conclusion that textile sector is not properly
utilizing debt in its capital structure and financial analysts of textile companies need to
find an optimal mix of debt and equity for enjoying the maximum benefits of debt & equity and for avoiding financial distress.
Keywords: Capital Structure, Fixed & Random Effects, Panel Corrected Standard Errors,
Financial Distress
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Banking and Finance – II
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Financial Structure and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms Listed at KSE Pakistan
Haleema Tariq, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This research study attempts to investigate and analyse the impact of financial structure
of firm’s performance of non-financial firms listed at KSE Pakistan during the period 20072012. The study uses three performance measures (including return on assets, return on
equity and earnings per share) as dependent variable and three financial structure measures (including shot-term debt ratio, long-term debt ratio and total debt ratio) as independent variables while growth and size as control variables. Regression analysis results
of first model revealed that growth and long-term debt ratio have insignificant relation
with profitability. Size and short-term debt ratio have significant positive relation while
total debt ratio has significant negative relation with profitability. Regression analysis results of second model revealed that financial structure has insignificant association with
firm’s performance. Regression analysis of third model demonstrated that growth and
long-term debt ratio have insignificant relation with profitability whereas size and shortterm debt ratio have positive and total debt ratio has significant negative relation with
profitability.
Keywords: Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Financial Structure, Firm’s Performance, Total Debt Ratio, Earnings Per Share.
How Bank Competition Affects Banks’ Financial Stability: The Case of OIC
Countries
Muhammad Ashraf, Sumaira Rehman
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
Muhammad Ilyas,
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The global financial crisis of 2007–2008 surfeits discussion on bank competition and financial stability in academics and policy makers. That’s why, the effect of bank competition on financial stability was analysed. The sample is selected from the oic countries from
2007 to 2013. The selected sample aimed at investigating the impact of bank competition on financial stability and z-score was used as measure of bank stability. The results of
the study indicate that smaller banks are more stable and can improve financial health.
Further, the positive and significant relationship was found between bank competition
and financial stability. The study suggests that policy makers encourage banks to reduce
lending and increase their independence in credit. The banks can become more stable
with improvement or use of efficiency in allocation of resources and financial innovation
among banks and risk management.
Keywords: Bank Competition, Financial Stability, Banks, OIC Countries, Z-Score.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Application of VAIC (Value Added Intellectual Coefficient) on the Firm’s
Performance: Empirical Evidence from Insurance Sector of Pakistan
Rameez Mirza, Muhammad Ahmad
Lahore Leads University
In this challenging environment, firm’s performance is strongly linked with efficiency of
IC (intellectual capital) rather than tangible resources. IC is the main driver of firm’s intangible assets. The recognition, assessment and valuation of IC can provide the assurance of financial efficiency, superiority and competitive advantage. It is a big fact that
IC’S practice has become a reliable and efficient tool for the survival and success of the
firm. This particular study focuses the effect of IC’S practice on the financial efficiency of
Pakistani insurance industries from 2008 to 2012. IC has been estimated with help of VAIC
(value added intellectual coefficient) technique, which was designed by Pulic (1998). VAIC
(value added intellectual coefficient) divides IC’S performance into four aspects; HCE (human capital efficiency), SCE (structural capital efficiency), CEE (physical capital efficiency)
and VAIC (sum of HCE, SCE and CEE). The empirical findings indicate that human capital’s
performance is negatively and significantly (1%) linked with roe (return on equity). On
the other side, its coefficient is positive and strongly associated with EPS (earnings per
share). While, physical capital efficiency has positively and significantly (1%) affected the
all performance measures (ROE, ROA and EPS) of insurance industries. VAIC (sum of HCE,
SCE and CEE) has a significant impact on the financial indicators of the insurance firms.
Overall findings show that IC and its components have a strong effect on the financial efficiency of the firm. Results indicate that IC’S practice can lead the firm towards financial
prosperity and better performance. The improvement in IC and its components can justify
the financial performance of the insurance sector.
Keywords: Intellectual Capital, VAIC™, Pakistani Insurance Firms, Firm’s Performance, Human Capital, Physical Capital
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Determinants of Bank Profitability
Mohammad Irfan
Superior University, Lahore
The study was carried out to explore the key determinants of profitability of commercial bank in Ethiopia using unbalanced panel data set of banks over the period 1999/002008/09. To this end, internal and external factors to the banks are regressed against the
ROAA of the commercial banks. The internal factors are related to the bank’s capital structure, liquidity, credit risk, loan portfolio, asset quality, and expense management aspects
whereas the external factors are related to the industry and the macroeconomic scenarios
within which the banks operate. In this analysis, the fixed effects model is used to control
the unobservable bank specific characteristics. The fixed effects model is preferred to the
random effect model following the Hausman test, chi-square =27.6, and p-value =0.005.
The result of the study indicates that the most determinants of bank profitability in Ethiopia are the internal factors, factors over which a bank’s management has control. The
external factors are found to be statistically insignificant; their signs have importance for
policy implications, and thus require the attention of policy makers and bank regulators.
Keywords: Profitability, Return on Assets, Return On Equity, Capital Ratio, Loan Ratio, Size
Of Bank, Deposits.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Market Concentration, Governance and Macro Financial Determinants
of Bank Profitability: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan, India and China
Muhammad Haroon Rasheed, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Since the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1999, the importance of balancing financial liberalization with adequate regulation and supervision prior to full capital account liberalization has been increasingly recognized. The purposes of this study are to test either
profitability of banking industries have shown same trend with respect to different macro
financial variables or not. It also targets to test either banking industries of different countries have shown same behavior under concentrated market structure or not. To test how
much governance plays its role in determining the profitability of banking industry is another objective of this paper. For this research panel data is used from the year 2003 to
2013 of scheduled banks from each country (Pakistan, India and China). The complete
data are collected from annual financial statements of the commercial banks of respective
countries, handbook of statistics of Pakistan (SBP), reserve bank of India (RBI), china banking regulatory commission (CBRC), WDI (world development indicator), economic survey
of Pakistan and international financial statistics. Dependent variables are return on asset,
and two proxies for testing the theories of Edward Mingo and expense preference theory
which are earning before tax and staff expense and earning before tax staff expense and
loan loss provisions. Independent variables are credit risk, capital, liquidity, governance,
concentration (cr8), GDP and inflation. Suggested technique for estimation is generalized
method of moments (GMM) technique. Results shall be scrutinized for their comparability for Edward-Heggestad-Mingo theory. Policy recommendations shall be aimed for the
guidance of financial sectors in said countries.
Keywords: Concentration, Governance, Bank Profitablity, Generalized Method Of Moments, Edward-Heggestad-Mingo Theory.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Estimating Productivity of Banking Industry in Pakistan Using Flexible
Forms of Production Function
Anam Khan, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Pakistan’s banking sector has been obsequious to various forms of deregulation, liberalization, as well as dramatic amelioration in information technology (it). Many of these
changes have immense entailment for productivity, and the efficiency of the financial
sectors. This study is an endeavor to look into the magnitude of elasticity of substitution
among factors of production to analyze the impact of its augmentative trend prevailing in
the banking industry of Pakistan. It draws upon a comprehensive time series dataset covering the period 1980-2013. To achieve this purpose the current analysis employ flexible
forms of production functions in order to carry out a quantitative assessment of elasticity
of substitution in the Pakistan’s banking sector. This approach trot out constellation of
elasticity of substitution and rendered its implication on sector as it is an important determinant of sustainability of growth and movements in factor income shares.
A time series analysis recourse to econometric tests such as unit root tests and test of co
integration purposed by Johansen (1988) and fully modified ols, are employ to estimate
the non stationarity and identify possible long-run equilibrium relations (co integration
equation) and coefficients of production function. The design of this paper is also confined to qualitative characterization to check whether RTS is identified as increasing, decreasing, or constant during the analyzed period (1980- 2013). It comes into view quite
evidently from the signs and the magnitudes of specifications of coefficients that there
exists a increasing returns to scale shows that substitution parameters α and β (capital
and labour) exhibits positive values and the addition of these values is greater than one,
which indicates that as the banking sector doubles its inputs the output will be more than
doubled. The empirical results emerged out demonstrate that the estimate of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital is significantly more than unity implying
that substitution possibilities appears to be an efficient tool to instigate positive outcomes
without inevitably resulting in a decline in output. Findings facilitate in lime-lighting the
importance of elasticity of substitution as its high value implies that there prevails flexibility to adjust the factors of production in response to changes in factor prices and factor
having higher productivity may be substituted for low productivity factor.
Keywords: Productivity, Production Function, Elasticity Of Substitution, Unit Root Tests,
Cointegration, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Returns To Scale, Stationarity.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Personality Style and Investment Management: Moderating Role of Financial Literacy
Muhammad Akhtar, Irfan Ahmed
Riphah International University, Islamabad
We have examined emotional experiences of the individuals regarding short term and
long term investment intentions on the bases of big five personality classification. The effect of each personality traits has been evaluated by using regression analysis. Our result
shows that individuals investing behaviour mainly depend on their personality traits. Secondly, the individuals who have financial literacy are more confident while making long
term investment. Thirdly, business school should offer courses of financial investments according to the personality traits of the individuals. Financial literacy has significant moderating effect in long term investment intentions as compared to insignificant in short term
investment intentions. Individuals who are extrovert invest more in short term and long
term investments as compared to neurotics.
The study suggests that personality influence contributes towards investment intentions
which will help financial counselors to guide individuals by considering personality traits.
The finding of the present study suggests that personality contributes to the intentions
of investors. Universities and professional financial institutes had a long history of educating students for the purpose of investment management with the objective of creating
wealth for themselves and for strong economy. Now it’s time to identify individuals and
to propose change in the educational programs which will help individuals in investment
management.
Keywords: Behavioural Finance, Investing Intentions, Big Five Personality, Financial Literacy.
Determinants of Non-interest income in Commercial Banks in Pakistan:
Generalized Least Squares Approach
Fareeha Aslam, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Changing face of global banking that started with liberalization, financial deregulation
and introduction of technology in past few decades has led to fierce competition among
the banks. To compensate the loss of earnings induced by shrinking spreads, banks have
expanded their earnings beyond the traditional activities. Keeping in view the recent
trend of rising non-interest revenues, this study aims at analyzing the determinants of
non-traditional income activities and income diversification in Pakistan. A balanced panel
data set of 19 commercial banks of Pakistan including public, private and foreign banks
for the period 2006 to 2012 shall be composed. Suggested technique for estimation is
Generalized Least Square technique. Policy recommendations shall be aimed for the guidance of financial sectors in said countries.
Keywords: Non interest income, Generalized Least Square, Panel Data.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Banking and Finance – III
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
An Analysis on Business Risk Perspectives of Commercial Bank: The Case
of Pakistan
Ayesha Naeem, Muhammad Ashraf
University Of Gujrat
The purpose of this paper is to have an empirical examination regarding financial and
non-financial risks because of the changing environment of banking sector. The paper
adopts two regression models for the “controllable” variables in the data set to identify
significant correlations. Size, gearing ratio, and liquid assets found to have significantly
affecting the financial risk while size and operating efficiency established significant relationship with the non-financial risk faced by the commercial banks. This study has successfully identified the factors that are significantly affecting financial and non-financial
risk faced by the banks. The results proposed that banking system in all over the world is
well diversified.
Keywords: Business Risk, Financial Risk, Non-Financial Risk, Credit Risk, Operational Risk,
Commercial Banks.
Understanding the Customer’s Bank Selection Criteria in Pakistan: A
Case Study in the Context of Lahore Pakistan
Hamid Ali
KASB Bank Ltd.
As state bank of Pakistan has stopped issuing conventional banking branches license because government is interested to promote Islamic banking. Islamic banking industry has
been growing rapidly since the last few decades especially in Muslim countries. Similarly,
customer is also conscious and has serious concern before starting relationship with any
bank. So the aim of this study is to highlight the various patronage factors that influence
customer decision to open an account with the Islamic or conventional banks and also
determine whether there are any cohesive reasons for the selection of banking. In order to
achieve these objectives, through 241 questionnaires, survey was conducted from Islamic
and conventional banking customer of Lahore, Pakistan and regression analysis has been
used for the analysis of data. The findings revealed that “religious obligation” was the
most important factor for the Islamic banks’ customers, while “courteous and competent
employee behaviour was identified as the most important factor for conventional banking customers. It is believed that the research can assist the management of Pakistani
banks to make their strategies accordingly to increase maximum customers.
Keywords: Banking, Islamic Banking, Conventional Banking, Factors Influence To Select
Banking, Bank Selection Criteria In Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Working Capital Management on Profitability in Banking Sector of Pakistan
Uzma Batool
Hailey College of Commerce
This research study analyses the impact of working capital management (WCM) on profitability of the companies in banking sector of Pakistan. A total 20 companies are selected
from public and private sector of Pakistan from the year 2009 to 2013. This research identifies the impact of WCM in enhancing the profitability of the firm by using the two main
policies namely working capital investment policy and working capital financing policy.
Investing policy is related with the management of current assets and financing policy
is about the management of current liabilities. Working capital is measured by the components i.e. Average collection period, average payment period, current ratio and debt
equity ratio. Profitability is measured by the two proxies i.e. Return on assets and return
on equity. Regression and correlation analysis are used in this study. Descriptive statistics
shows inter-sector efficiency of the selected sectors. The results of this study show that
conservative investing policy of WCM increases the firm’s profitability, similarly, conservative financing policy also improves its profitability. The findings of this study are helpful
for the financial managers, policies makers and advisors of the banking sector. This study
is also helpful for the short term capital management of assets and liabilities, healthy competition in market and improving own organisation.
Keywords: Working Capital Management, Average Collection Period, Average Payment
Period, Current Ratio, Current Assets to Total Assets Ratio (CATAR), Return on Assets Ratio
(ROA).
Determinants of Firm’s Financial Performance: An Empirical Study on
Chemical Sector of Pakistan
Muhammad Sajid,
Government College (GC) University, Faisalabad
Muhammad Usman Arshad, Muhammad Waqas Siddique
University of Sargodha
The objective of the paper is to investigate the determinants having significant impact
on firm’s financial performance in chemical sector of Pakistan over the period of 2008-12.
in order to achieve the objective of the study we have collected data from official websites of the concerned companies from official web sites. ROA is a dependent variable
while short term and long term leverage, growth tax, size, tangibility, non-debt tax shield,
liquidity and risk are independent variables. For the analysis purpose we used the descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and regression model. We used the hausman (1978)
test to validate the fixed effect model. We found that short term leverage, size, non-debt
tax shield and growth have significant impact on firm’s financial performance. There is
negative and significant relationship between short term leverage and firm’s performance
while size, non-debt tax shield and growth has a positive and significant relationship with
firm’s performance. Decision makers should take in mind those factors which have significant impact on firm’s performance before taking any financial decision because these
factors increases and decreases the firm’s performance.
Keywords: Leverage, Size, Growth, Firm Performance, Chemical Sector, Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Insurance Sector of
Pakistan
Fraz Iqbal
Faysal Bank Limited Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The aim of this study is to examine the factors which are attributed in developed countries
as imperative ones to attain optimal capital structure. The intent is to analyse the impact
of firm-specific variables on leverage (debt ratio) in insurance sector of Pakistan and to
provide a statistical evidence of the same by interpreting what are the findings about
their relationships. Empirical examination of factors spread over panel data of 31 insurance companies ranging from 2009 to 2013. Econometric panel data techniques namely
fixed effects model and random effects model are pertained. Hausman specification test
is performed in order to test appropriate model for the study. The outcomes of study
support that profitability and age have negative significant relationship with leverage.
Liquidity has negative insignificant relationship with leverage. Alternatively, size has positive significant relationship with leverage. These results are in-line with academic theories
such as pecking order theory and trade off theory. This research is the way forward to
ascertain the factors which influence the choices of capital structure of insurance companies in Pakistan and it can be a base for more systematic examination. Furthermore, this
can be also helpful for the managers in making decisions related to optimal capital structure. This study, to the author’s knowledge, is relatively distinctive in Pakistan for examining the capital structure theories and their implications on insurance sector of Pakistan
with the most recent panel data available. Moreover, this study statistically validates that
some features have an effect on capital structure of insurance companies in Pakistan as
acknowledged in developed countries.
Keywords: Capital Structure, Insurance Association, Insurance Companies, Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Asset Quality Indicators on Financial Soundness Indicators¬
(FSI) in Banking Industry
Mahwash Rafiq Sheikh
The Bank of Punjab
The aim of this research is to determine the impact of asset quality on financial soundness
indicators of Pakistani banking sector consisting of 38 banking corporations (public sector
commercial, local private, foreign & specialized banks) as a whole in Pakistan for a period
of 2007 to 2013. A sample of 38 banking corporations covering 05 public sector commercial, 22 local private, 07 foreign & 04 specialized banks is selected. Analysis has been done
by applying descriptive statistics, correlation and regression technique. Impact of asset
quality indicator i.e. NPLS to total loans ratio has been analysed on following key financial
soundness indicators¬ (FSI) return on assets, return of equity, net interest income/gross
income, cost / income ratio, advances/deposits, liquid assets/total assets, liquid assets/
total deposits. After the data analysis through descriptive statistics, correlation and regression technique it was found that following four dependent variables namely return of
equity (ROE), liquid assets/total assets, car, liquid assets/total deposits are having positive
significant relationship from NPL to total loan ratio whereas negative significant relationship was found between NPL to total loan ratio & advances/deposits.
Keywords: Asset Quality, Financial Soundness Indicators (FSI), Banking Industry.
Credit Constraints for Microfinance Sector: An Analysis of Internal and
External Factors
M. Mohsin Khan
National Bank of Pakistan
Microfinance is considered to be an effective tool for poverty alleviation, employment,
income generation and income equality. It is a financial service provided to poor people
who do not have any other source of funds or have access to financial services. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the credit constraints that are faced by microfinance sector in Pakistan. The data are collected through structured questionnaires
from 250 respondents who are employees of MFBS/ MFIS keeping in view three broad
categories of theoretical framework including internal factors having sub variables like
operational cost, hr capacity, innovation and external factors having sub variables like
competition, language, awareness as independent variables and a dependent variable
having sub variable that is credit constraints for microfinance sector. Regression analysis
has been used to determine the impact of independent variables i.e. Internal and external factors on dependent variable that is credit constraints. The study found that there is
a significant impact of internal and external factors on the credit constraints facing the
microfinance sector. Based on the results, it is recommended that concerned authorities
should give due importance to all sub variables of internal and external factors in order to
minimise the issue of credit constraints facing the microfinance sector.
Keywords: Microfinance, Credit Constraints, Internal Factors, External Factors.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Marketing – I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Measuring the Customer’s Perception in Home Appliances Electronic
Sector: A Comparative Study of Local and Foreign Brands
Nida Afzal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of the customer’s perception about local and foreign brands. Positivism approach has been used to understand
the importance of customer’s perception towards local and foreign home appliances
electronic brands. A number of factors affect the consumer purchase decisions for branded electronic products. Local and foreign brand preference is affected by brand price,
quality, after sale services and reliability. With the rising trend of globalisation, buyers
have become much more aware and their perceptions are changing at rapid pace as it
has been seen that price and quality are considered two most important determinants of
making their brand choice. Customer’s preference of local brands is low as they do prefer
foreign brands because of better quality and durability. The research was conducted in
Lahore and the selected samples included 200 people of age 25-45. The data were collected through a questionnaire in two popular shopping malls of the city and two universities since the target audiences were largely the youth. The paper concludes that to
understand the changing perception of customers, customer makes a brand choice between local and foreign home appliance electronic products. It is found that most of the
respondents perceives foreign electronic brands are good in quality as compared to local
electronic brands.
Keywords: Customer’s Perception, Local Brands, Foreign Brands, Lahore.
Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: A Study on
Private Commercial Banks of Larkana
Sara Khan Chandio
SZABIST, Larkana
Service quality has been an interesting topic for research from many decades. Service
quality is mostly defined by the service quality determinants (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy). The quality of services that meets the expectation of customers’ increases their satisfaction level. Satisfied customers prefer repurchases
from the same service provider known as customer loyalty. The aim of the study is to
identify the relation between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty,
to find out the impact of service quality on customer loyalty and to find out is there any
difference in respondents’ opinion on the bases of demographics. The sample size of 382
was selected from 108,415 customers of 23 commercial banks in Larkana at 5% margin
of error. Survey was conducted through convenient sampling and gathered data was
analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. The results concluded that there
is a positive correlation between all the variables, there is an impact of service quality on
customer loyalty and that there is difference among the respondents responses based on
demographics.
Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Commercial Banks.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Social Media on Brand Equity and Consumer Buying Intentions: A Comparative Study of National and Multinational Brands on Mobile Telecommunication Industry in Pakistan
Adnan M. Shah., Dr. Abdul Qayyum
SZABIST, Islamabad
Purpose - This study investigates the role of social media in promoting brand equity metrics and consumers purchase intention in Pakistan. This study also investigates the both
social media communication platforms and separating the impact of users and firm created social communication on brand equity metrics, then analyzing the customer’s intentions to purchase national or multinational brands, whose equity is promoted through
social media platform. This study leads to following research objectives in terms of social
media, brand equity and buying intentions of customers.1) investigating social media impact on matrices of brand equity. 2) to find out the effects on brand equity metrics by
a company created and users generated social media. 3) determination of intention of
consumers towards purchasing of national or multinational brands through promotion of
brand equity in mobile communication service providers.
Design/methodology/approach – A sample size of 200 data sets collected from the students of 3 different universities (public and private sector) students of Islamabad, who
frequently uses social media and studied the courses like social marketing, consumer behavior, marketing communications, brand management and e-business courses in their
previous studies, were generated through a standard survey questionnaire. The instrument contains 27 items, 11 items of social media communication that measures the six
elements of brand equity as well as consumer buying intention. Five dimensional Likert
Scale is considered for my quantitative study. I extracted several elements for my study.
Two observable variables of social media communication were adapted from the literature to promote the brand equity and investigate the consumer purchase intention in
Pakistan. My instrument is validated (face and contents) by three different universities
(public and private sector) students of Islamabad as well as research experts. Multiple regression and correlation analysis was used in analyzing the data obtained to find out social media impact on metrics of brand equity and consumer purchase intentions (national
or multinational brands) in the examination of the mobile telecommunication industry in
Pakistan.
Findings - the results of the study illustrate that social media creates an important effect on metrics of brand equity. Company created social media have higher influence on
brand equity metrics as compared to consumers generated social media. Furthermore,
present study highlights that customer purchase intentions are more towards the national brands as compared to the multinational brands in the mobile telecommunication
industry in Pakistan.
Practical implications/ originality/ value - the research illustrated in this paper is new as
according to the field it contrasts the impact on brand equity metrics by the social media
communication – this topic creates interest to the companies and users in twitter age,
Youtube, Facebook but so far a vast area of this field is investigated. Secondly, the difference between consumers generated and company created the communication of social
media. It is gaining importance, as companies want to transfer their power of marketing
the brand to its users by using social media that results high value for marketers.
Keywords Social Media Communication, Brand Equity Metrics, Customer Purchase Intentions.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Analysis of the Restrictive Elements of Faisalabad’s Soap Industry in Up
Gradation Based on “Value Chain”
Hasnain Bashir
University of Punjab, Lahore
Rizwan Saleem Sandhu
Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
Faisalabad’s soap industry is a key participant of the national economy with a contribution of rs.16 billion and giving jobs to 1,54,000 workers (PSMA). It is busy in competing with multinational giant inspite of having scared resources. Currently, soap industry’s
added value is low and profit margins are narrow. Developed countries (i.e. USA, Australia,
Switzerland) take up fields of high-grade production and advanced soap manufacturing
machinery to have a lion’s share in the world soap market with lack of upgraded machinery and equipment, Faisalabad’s soap industry is struggling against developed countries
industry in terms of product quality and product variety. This cannot yet fully meet the
market demand, and cannot compete with the developed countries. In order to quicken
the upgrade pace of soap industry in Faisalabad, this paper brings forward some measures to counter the deficiencies faced by the specific industry.
With the rapid development of technology and the deepening of globalization, there are
some difficulties in the development of soap industry of Faisalabad. Faced with internal
and external pressures with the rise of raw material prices and labor costs, along with
serious energy crisis(electricity and gas), PAK rupees devaluation, with the state environmental protection and in the presence of a variety of technical barriers it is facing giant
challenges, Faisalabad’s soap industry should develop to the “strategic section” of global
value chain on the basis of the theory of value chain— R & D and manufacture of advanced soap machinery and development and production of high-grade raw material to
promote the soap manufacturing to upgrade.
The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems faced by the soap manufacturing
units of Faisalabad. These problems are less complicated in terms of internal issues of the
organization as compared to their fierce complications of external problems such as energy crisis, dollar fluctuation, high taxes and custom duties etc. This study will give suitable
measures to tackle such problems faced by the soap manufacturing units of Faisalabad.
The policy makers will be the target audience of the study which will benefit from these
recommendations and they will come up with a suitable policy for the problems faced by
the soap industry of Faisalabad which will not only benefit the domestic manufacturer of
the soap but also benefit the economic growth of the local industry. It is an exploratory
study. The data is obtained from the top 20 soap manufacturing units of Faisalabad (large,
medium, small) through questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose.
Keywords: Upgrading, Value Chain, Restrictive Elements, Soap Industry, Pakistan Soap
Manufacturing Association (PSMA)
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Twigging the Marketing Strategies of Microfinance Institutions within
Multan District of Pakistan: The Case of Selected Institutions.
Syedah Shan E Ahmad
The Women University, Multan
Syed Umer Abdi
COMSATS Institute of IT, Sahiwal
Waqar Akram
IBA, Sukkur
The study focuses on finding that whether micro finance institutions (MFIS) within
Multan district of Pakistan use marketing approaches and strategies in credit delivery and
savings mobilization. The objectives of the study are: measuring the degree of marketing
orientation among MFIS and probing the application of marketing in credit delivery and
savings mobilization. Primary data has been used as the main source of data for the study.
The data were drawn from credit officers and management team (in some cases) of the
microfinance institutions. A descriptive statistics is used for analyzing the data by
using excel sheets and SPSS Software. The survey revealed that the certain MFIS are not
market-oriented in services delivery. One of the main finding is that marketing activities
are poorly organized in MFIS. Moreover, little focus has been placed on marketing in
corporate plans, and a very low budget has been allocated to promotional activities. In
some cases no separate marketing promotional activities have been found. Unavailability
of data is there and while conducting the survey lack of data transparency issue has
been faced. The evidence in the paper suggests that MFIS should make marketing departments, develop the customer service packages in an easy approachable manner, and reinforce their marketing planning capabilities particularly in environmental awareness area.
The paper is informative when planning for the establishment of proper marketing
departments in MFIS. The study makes available an empirical evidence of the application
of marketing programs in credit delivery and savings mobilization among micro finance
institutions.
Keywords: Credit Delivery, Marketing Strategies, Microfinance, Saving Mobilization.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors Affecting Service Quality of Branchless Banking: The Case of
Lahore
Samana Abbas, Syedafizza Abbas
Kinnaird College for Women University, Lahore
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
The study is aimed to examine the factors that affect the service quality of branchless banking in the background of developing country like Pakistan’s city Lahore.
SERVEQUAL model shall be used with determinants of service quality of branchless
banking. The variables of interest are age, gender, education, marital status, monthly
income and residence. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to confirm that factors
of service quality of branchless banking are determined through the dimensions of
SERVEQUAL model. Questionnaire and interviews shall be used for data collection and the
sample size is 311. Data shall be collected from the users of branchless banking. The result
shall help in highlighting the chief determinants of service quality of branchless
banking. These results shall be useful for bank managers and policy makers.
Keywords: Branchless Banking, Servqual Model, Primary Data.
‘Behind The Decision Pulse’ (The 21st Century Approach)
Naveed Saif
Gomal University, D.I. Khan KPK
Over the last ten years, marketing researchers are trying to define different methods that
how to make marketing campaign effective but most of the traditional methods have
failed. As emotions play mediating role in the consumer process massages, therefore, as
a result response to advertisement in the way of combination becomes greater problem
in scientific methodology. In this regard , defining Neuro marketing and pointing gaps
in traditional marketing methodologies , the current study explain in detail the different
techniques used in Neuro marketing is the branch of neurosciences or bio signal processing to understand human behavior in unconscious nature , and have implication in
marketing , psychology , decision sciences , explaining in detail human preferences , intrinsic motivation , predicting particular behavior as well success and failure of advertising
campaign . For measurement of Neuro behavior of human different techniques are used.
Recording metabolic activity through electrical devices, namely SST, TMS, MEG, EEG. Each
technique has its advantages and limitation. This paper gives insight information about
the mechanism behind the decision by applying most advanced techniques in the field
of Neuro marketing. And finally it discusses the ethical issues related to Neuro marketing
research and anticipates the need for the evolution of this emerging field.
Keywords: Neuro marketiong, Human Behavior, Neuro Science , Behavior.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Celebrity Endorsement and Consumer Buying Intention with the Mediating Role of Brand Performance: An Empirical Consumer Perception Study
in FMCG Sector of Pakistan
Kashif Mahmood, Nadia Nasir, Shabnam Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This paper attempts to scrutinize the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement for the sake
of achieving consumer buying intention in FMCG sector of Pakistan. While, different dimensions of brand performance like brand awareness, brand image and brand favorability are taken as taken as mediating variables. Data has been collected by using self
administered close ended questionnaire from 350 consumers of Pakistan. Hierarchical
regression analysis has been used to find out the relationship celebrity endorsement and
consumer buying intention with the mediating effect of brand performance (comprises
of brand awareness, brand image and brand favorability).
Results indicate that celebrity endorsement is positively and significantly affect the consumer buying intention. While different dimensions of brand performance are also played
as mediator between celebrity endorsement and consumer buying intention. The above
study is provided an enormous contribution in the overall literature of the topic. This
study will be useful for managers and policy makers to ensure the effective policies that
help them to improve the organizational performance through focusing upon various
aspects of celebrity endorsement (its selection and effectiveness for the sake of increasing consumer buying intention of particular brand). This study can also be used for further
research work on the same area.
Keywords: Celebrity Endorsement, Brand Image, Brand Awareness, Brand Favorability,
Consumer Buying Intention
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Marketing – II
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Celebrity Endorsers on the Buying Behavior of Generation Y in
Pakistan: Mediating Role of Social Media
Sadia Anwar
Bahauddinzakariya University, Sahiwal
Purpose: Companies are using celebrities as a marketing tool to influence their consumers. With the increased awareness of generation y and wide spread use of social media,
the tactic of using celebrity has changed. This study aims to show that how the buying
behavior of generation y is influenced by the celebrity endorsers with regards to the use
of social media. Also, how marketers can enhance the effectiveness of this technique to
increase the number of consumers.
Design/ methodology/approach: This study is an empirical investigation. Target population is the youngsters of the Pakistan to know the impact of celebrity endorsers on their
buying behavior through social media. Research design is quantitative and exploratory
study which consists of literature review and questionnaires.
Findings: The findings of this study are depicted through conceptual framework which
shows the possible relationship between celebrity endorsement and the buying behavior
of generation y. The outcomes indicate the strategy to increase the effectiveness of the
technique to increase the number of consumers.
Practical implications: This study will be helpful for the marketers as it will increase the
awareness regarding the attitudes and behaviors of the generation y and it also helps
them to formulate an effective marketing plan. It will helpful for companies and marketers
to make the best use of celebrities and social media to positively affect the buying behavior of generation y in Pakistan.
Keywords: Celebrity Endorsement, Social Media, Generation Y
Factors of Compulsive Buying Behavior in Retail Outlets
Wahaj Malik
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The study is aimed at understanding the factors which are the major cause of the compulsive buying behaviour exhibited by many Pakistani consumers in the retail outlets. The
research thus tries to indentify the possible major factors which are contributing to the
compulsive buying behaviour of both males and females. The study uses primary data to
get an insight into the consumer’s minds and indentify all the factors which can trigger
and stimulate compulsive buying behaviour. Relevant and recent research papers have
been reviewed for developing theoretical framework. For the purpose of the research, a
sample of 100 consumers consisting of both males and females has been selected through
convenience sampling. Structured questionnaires have been used for recording the data
from the respondents. The questionnaires have been circulated in different universities,
shopping malls and retail outlets of Lahore. The findings report that shelf positioning,
packing and need for the products are major factors of compulsive buying behaviour.
Keywords: Compulsive Buying Behaviour, Retail Outlets.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Effect of Packaging Elements on Consumer Behavior in FMCG
Ayesha Sheikh
Superior University Campus, Lahore
In this modern era of societal marketing, packaging has become a primary tool of marketing for almost each form of consumer product. The significance of packaging elements
as a medium of communication is rapidly developing in markets for FMCG products that
some researchers believe that packaging is more persuasive tool in influencing customers than advertising. This study intends to reveal that how strongly packaging elements
influence consumer buying behaviour and what elements of packaging are most important in FMCGS. Quantitative approach is used in this paper and data have been collected
from 250 respondents through questionnaires. Descriptive statistic, regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyse and generalise the data respectively. The
results identified that the elements; designs, colour and label influence the perception of
consumer about the purchasing of the product and label has the greatest impact on both
purchasing intentions and perceptions of brand personality. This paper provides frame to
marketing team of organisations to grab attention on the necessary elements and draws
conclusions to enhance planning process of packaging of products.
Keywords: Packaging, Consumer Behaviour, FMCG.
Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Customer Retention
in Telecom Sector
Ammar Ahmed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Customer relationship management that generally known as CRM has now become one
of the most important parts of any business globally. By changing the business environment worldwide, the CRM is widely accepted and adopted by many of the large businesses. It has a lot of impacts on customer satisfaction and can obtain customer retention especially in service industries like telecom. The aim of the study is to determine the impact
of customer relationship management (CRM) on customer retention in telecom industry
of Pakistan. Owing to different environmental conditions, the CRM practices are different
in Pakistan as compared to other developed countries. It is a quantitative research and
data have been obtained through questionnaires filled by 150 respondents belonging to
different sectors of Lahore, Pakistan. The various statistical tests including correlation and
regression analysis have been applied to find the results. The result of the study reveal
that there is a strong relationship between customer relationship management with customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has a strong relationship with the customer
retention so that CRM is also strongly related with customer retention.
Keywords: Customer Relationship Management, Customer Retention, Telecom Sector
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Mobile Service Quality Dimensions on Customers Satisfaction
Hassan Raza
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Business development mainly depends on information technology. With the support of
internet, development in wireless communication technology is an important tool for the
companies to increase the level of mobile commerce. Reduction in the price of devices
and improvement in functionality of mobile commerce has likelihood for companies to
perform. The purpose of this study is to measure the relationship among the mobile service qualities; availability, perceived risk, compatibility of mobile, entertainment service
and reliability; and customers’ satisfaction in area of Lahore. For this purpose, structured
questionnaires are used for the collection of data from 150 students of two universities
and regression and correlation are used for data analysis. The result shows that there is
significant relation between mobile service quality dimensions and customers’ satisfaction.
Keywords: Mobile Service Quality, Service Quality, Mobile Services.
Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behavior in Milk Brands
Nasir Ali
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of brand image on consumer buying
behaviour in packaged milk industry of Pakistan. For verifying the effect of brand image
on consumer buying behavior, three variables have been used including consumer’s perception, consumer awareness and brand image. It is analysed how these variables affect
each other in the process of making decision while purchasing any product/services. The
research is done with the help of primary data in which positivism research paradigm was
used. For the survey methodology, questionnaires with close ended questions were distributed among 250 respondents. Multiple regression and Pearson correlation test were
used. The results of research showed that consumer perception and consumer awareness
are the major factors in the buying process which affects brand image. It is recommended
that organisations and brands must work hard in developing positive consumer perception through celebrity endorsement and other advertisement tools must be utilised as
well. Through this research, we would be able to use the information more effectively in
FMCG sector of Pakistan especially in milk industry and would be helpful for manager,
legal bodies, and educational purposes.
Keywords: Brand Image, Consumer Perception, Consumer Awareness, Consumer Buying
Behaviour, Milk Brands.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Lifestyle on Brand Consciousness
Munnaza Hameed
Western Scientific Traders
The purpose of this empirical study is to determine the impact of lifestyle on brand consciousness particularly among the youth of Pakistan. This study also helps in finding the
segment of the society who is more brands conscious. A quantitative survey design has
been used for conducting the empirical study. For this purpose, 150 questionnaires were
distributed among the students of different universities in Lahore. Mainly, correlation and
regression analysis are utilised to check the impact of lifestyle on brand consciousness.
Lifestyle is influenced by different factors like demographics, social class, motives, personality, emotions, values, household life cycle, culture and past experiences. As an individual’s lifestyle changes his/her needs for different goods and services change. In this study,
the main focus is on demographic factors, social class and the personality of an individual
that is how an individual of certain area is influenced by such type of consciousness and
how his personality depicts such change. This empirical study shows that the factors like
age and income, social class and personality are significantly correlated to each other and
the regression analysis has shown that age and income have negative effect while social
class and personality have positive effect on brand consciousness. The findings of the
study will help the organisations and customers to improve their perceptions about different brands.
Keywords: Lifestyle, Brand Consciousness, Personality, Social Class.
Impact of Advertisement on Brand Preference
Ammar laiq Khan
Abacus Consulting Pvt Ltd. Lahore
This study investigates or depicts the relationship between advertisement and preference of customers about different brands. It also investigates that how an advertisement
whether it is printed or electronic attracts a customer to buy a product or brand. Through
this study, we can also come to know either a customer purchases a product because of
the benefits or he is inspired by the advertisement which has created a positive impact
on him/her. A quantitative survey design has been used for the proposed study. Data
have been collected from 200 customers by using self-administrated questionnaires. For
the analysis of the data, t-test using SPSS software has been utilised for validating the hypothesis. The study finds that advertising affects brand preference of customers regarding different types of products. This study helps firms realise the importance of advertising because they must keep in mind that in order to be successful and preferred brand,
we must run an innovative advertising campaign which composes all the elements of
advertisement.
Keywords: Advertisement, Brand Image, Brand Awareness and Brand Preference.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Marketing – III
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Service Quality on Consumer Loyalty in Islamic Banking Sector
Muhammad Sheikh Sohaib
Superior College, Lahore
The purpose of conducting this research is to find out the customer satisfaction level with
Islamic banking products and services and its impact on customer loyalty. A quantitative survey design has been used for conducting the empirical study. Data have been
collected by using self-administrated questionnaires from 150 account holders of all Islamic banks of Pakistan. Regression analysis has been used for testing the effect of service
quality on customer loyalty. The results show that there is a strong relationship among
service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction played
a mediating role between service quality and customer loyalty. The focus of this empirical
study is limited for all Islamic banking management, Shariah board advisory and account
holders of all Islamic banks of Pakistan and cannot be generalized to other sectors. The
study contributes significantly to all Islamic banking employees, upper management, and
Shariah board advisory and also conventional banking sector. This research is highlighting that how banks can attract, satisfy and fulfill the requirements of customers to make
them loyal to the Islamic banking services. Moreover, the findings of the study are helpful for marketers to develop those marketing and promotional strategies through which
companies can reinforce their services strongly and positively in the minds of customers.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Islamic Banking, Service Quality.
The Impact of Information Technology (IT) on Supply Chain Performance
in Chemical Industry of Pakistan
Nafees Ahmad
Harris Silicones &Glass Pvt Ltd
The purpose of this empirical study is to determine the relationship between information technology and supply chain performance with the mediating effect of customer
service management (CSM) and suppliers and order fulfillment (of) in a chemical industry
of Pakistan. A quantitative survey design is used for conducting the proposed study. The
data have been collected from 134 respondents through close-ended questionnaire on
five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha, descriptive statistics, PCA and regression analysis were implied for analyzing the data. The focus of this study is limited to supply chain
managers and executives of chemical industry of Pakistan thus cannot be generalized
on other sectors. This research conceptualized and measured three business processes
i.e. Customer service management (CSM), suppliers, and order fulfillment (of) across the
supply chain and found that information technology has benefits in the overall performance of a chemical industry of Pakistan. The results of this paper found that each of the
processes was positively related to supply chain performance. The findings of the study
will help supply chain managers and executives to develop such strategies through which
company can smoothly run its supply chain operations.
Keywords: Information Technology, Customer Service Management, Suppliers, Order Fulfillment, Supply Chain Performance.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Television Advertisement on Children Buying Behavior: An
Empirical Study in FMCG Context of Pakistan
HadiyaSarfaraz
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between tv advertisement and
buying intention of the children in Pakistani context. In addition, the study aims to examine the mediating role of brand awareness. A quantitative survey design is used for this
proposed study. Data are collected from 150 respondents who are parents of the children
of a private school by using close-ended questionnaire. For the analysis, PCA and simple
regression test are applied. The results show the significant relation between TV advertisement and buying intention of the children. Moreover, brand awareness fully mediates
between TV advertisement and buying behavior. The sample size is limited to 150 respondents and data are collected from few schools of Lahore so results cannot be generalized
to the whole population. However, the study will help marketers that how strategically
important is this segment to the advertisers and marketers. Marketers can devise the promotional strategies that enhance the brand image and market share.
Keywords: TV, Advertisement, Pakistan.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Image: A Study in Industrial
Sector of Pakistan
Memoona
Allied Bank Limited
A growing number of firms are recognizing the need for sustainable business tradition.
Organizations are now trying to resolve the impulsive, irresponsible and short-term beneficial decisions which have resulted in the global recession. As a result, the concept of
corporate social responsibility is a very popular topic for discussion. Therefore, the purpose of this empirical study is to determine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and brand image in industry of Pakistan. A quantitative survey design is used
for conducting the empirical study. Data are collected through self-administrated questionnaires from 150 consumers in Pakistan. PCA and regression analysis have been used
for data analysis. Consumers were satisfied with the level of CSR activity. However, the
research found strong link between satisfaction and purchase intention. The study seems
to suggest that CSR is fit which is bringing rewards in the form of consumer re purchase.
The focus of this empirical study is limited to the consumers in industry of Pakistan thus
cannot be generalized to other sectors. This study contributed significantly to the body
of knowledge by examining the impact of corporate social responsibility on brand image.
The study suggests that industrial managers can increase brand image by using corporate
social responsibility as a strategic tool for positioning differentiation.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Brand Image.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Is Social Media Killing the Email Usage? The Impact of Social Networking
Sites: Empirical Study in the Context of Private Sector Organizations of
Pakistan
Mahsheed Naveed
First Step Islamic School
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social media networking sites on
email usage. Social media provides the excellent communication and interactive platform
for the organizations and public. A quantitative survey design is used for the empirical
study having a structured and close-ended questionnaire. Data were collected from 150
employees of any private organization who have an idea about social media or networking sites, as their organization used the social media for interaction and communication.
The regression analysis was used to analyze and measure the observation. The results
indicate that social media or social networking sights have significant influence on the
use of email. This study prevails that most of the organizations use the social networking sites as a way to their brand image and also offer the forum of social networking for
organizations within the workplace boundaries to interact with employees and know the
customer’s demand and feedback. The sample size of the study constitutes a limited number of 150 respondents. However, in order to get more accurate results this study can be
conducted on large sample size. The study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge by highlighting that with the unique services and platform, social media enhances
the ability to unlock the “dark matter” usually trapped in email inboxes and makes the
important contents available for the organizations and general public. Based on the findings, this study will also provide the gate way for the several organizations to use social
media and networking techniques at strategy level to gain the competitive edge.
Keywords: Social Media, Social Networking Sites (SNS), Enhanced Organization Growth,
Socialization Forum, Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), Email
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Associated Product Grouping on Consumer Perception: In the
Context of Brand Alliance Scenario
Muhammad Ali Yab, Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
This research paper studies the impact of associated product grouping on consumer perception. The dependent variable is brand alliance on consumer perception. The following
variables are selected as predictors: usage condition, identity of the user and purchase
principle. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a survey involving customers purchasing different products. This describes the involvement of the customer
and their alliance to certain products, the type of purchase they are making. The product’s usage condition and the identity of the user are mainly focused. ANOVA has been
used as the statistical technique used in studying the relationship between the associated
product grouping and brand alliance consumer perception scenario. It was found that usage condition, identity of the user and purchase principle has a significant impact on the
brand alliance on consumer perception.
Keywords: Associated Product Grouping, Consumer Perception, Brand Alliance Scenario.
Role of Security and Internet Knowledge on E-Banking Adoption: A Mediation of Customer Satisfaction in Case of Pakistan
Kamran Safdar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect e-banking adoption with
the mediating effect of customer satisfaction towards e-banking adoption in Pakistan.
A quantitative survey design based on self-administrated questionnaire has been used
to collect data from 200 respondents who are using banking services for more than five
years in several banks of Pakistan. Data have been analyzed through regression and correlation analysis. Results of this study indicate that customer satisfaction is playing mediating role significantly among security, internet knowledge and E-Banking adoption.
Findings of this study also report positive effect of all variables on e-banking adoption.
However, customer satisfaction and internet knowledge have more effect on e-banking
adoption as compared to that of security and customer satisfaction. This study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge by examining the impact of factors that affect
e-banking adoption mediated by customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the findings of the
study will help policy makers in devising such policies and procedures that can enhance
the satisfaction level of customers through effective security and internet knowledge.
Keywords: E-Banking, Customer Satisfaction, Security, Internet Knowledge.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Influence of Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Case Study
of Faisalabad City
Najam-ul-Zia
Haleeb Foods Ltd
This study was conducted to determine the effects of advertisement on consumer buying
behavior of Faisalabad city. A structured questionnaire was developed to find out effects
of features of advertisement (colors, message, jingles and celebrities), brand familiarity
and repetition of ads on consumer buying behavior. For data analysis, regression, correlation, reliability analysis and descriptive analysis were used. It was found that consumer
buying behavior was influenced by features of ads (colors, message, jingles and celebrities). The findings are useful for the advertising agencies and the companies that advertise their brands.
Keywords: Advertisement, Consumer Buying Behavior.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Marketing – IV
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors of Customer Satisfaction in Banking Sector of Pakistan: An Application of SERVQUAL Model
Faisal Maqsood
SPEL (Synthetic Products Enterprises Ltd.)
Study Objectives: The study examines that the quality services provided by banks can
achieve the customer satisfaction which play the vital role in achieving success. The purpose of the empirical study is to determine relationship between SERVQUAL model and
customer satisfactions of the banks in Pakistan.
Research Design/Methodology: A quantitative survey design was used for the empirical
study having a structured and close-ended questionnaire. Data were collected from 170
employees of private or public banks who were using the bank services. The data were
analyzed by using the SPSS software for validating the result of hypothesis. PCA and regression analysis was made to analyze and measure the observation.
Findings: The study showed distinctive results for the relationship between service quality
dimensions and customer satisfaction. It has been observed that all independent variables of service quality were significantly related to customer satisfaction. According to
this study, the people of Pakistan are using the banking services and they are fully satisfied
with the quality services of the banks.
Research Limitations: The sample size of the study constitutes a limited number of 170
respondents of banks in Lahore. However, in order to get more accurate results, this study
can be conducted on large sample size. Secondly, by increasing the 5-point Likert scale to
10-point Likert scale will be more strengthening the principal component analysis (PCA).
Implications: This study will contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by examining that the SERVQUAL model is the most appropriate tool that can measure service quality in banking sector. The banks can attain the customer’s satisfaction level by providing
the prior services to the clients.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality in Banking, Customer Loyalty, SERVQUAL.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Student Behavior
Umair Jamil
Terranovapvt Ltd.
Study Objectives: The purpose of this empirical study is to determine the impact of mobile
phone usage on student behavior in Pakistani perspective. In addition, the study aims to
examine the mediating role of study time and social networking in the relationship of
mobile phone and student behavior.
Research Design/Methodology: A quantitative survey design has been used for the empirical study. Data were collected from 150 students by using self-administrated structured questionnaires. For the analysis of the data, SPSS software has been used for the
utilization of validating the hypothesis.
Research Findings: The findings of this study tell us that there is a linear relationship between variables. So h1 is accepted and ho is rejected.
Research Limitations: The focus of this empirical study has been on the students of higher
education. Since the sample size of the study constitutes a limited number of 150 respondents within the city of Lahore only, so a large sample size can be used for further generalizing the findings on a larger population.
Implications of the Study: The study will contribute significantly to the body of knowledge
by examining the impact of mobile phone usage on student behavior mediated by study
time and social networking. Moreover, the findings of the study will help thesis students
and mobile phone companies. The growth of mobile phones in developing countries has
led to the creation and growth in jobs in the formal market. Mobile phone companies also
contribute significantly to tax revenue in countries in which they operate.
Keywords: Mobile Phone Usage, Study Time, Social Networking and Student Behavior.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior in Lahore
Abdul Majid
Am Car Caring Company
The various arguments on the impact of advertising on consumer buying behavior have
been made by many researchers around the world. The objective of this research study is
to examine the impact of advertising on consumer buying behavior and to determine the
impact of brand awareness on consumer buying behavior. This study is based on quantitative research approach and the sample of 160 respondents was selected for the collected data by using self-administered close ended questionnaires from the respondents
who were students and teachers of different universities in Lahore. The descriptive statistics analysis, histograms, scatter plots, correlation analysis and simple-regression analysis
were applied by using SPSS 16.0 to find out the relationship between independent variable i.e. Advertising and mediating variable i.e. Brand awareness and also to find out the
relationship between mediating variable i.e. Brand awareness and dependent variable
i.e. Consumer buying behavior in Lahore. The results indicate that there is a significant
relationship between advertising and brand awareness and also shows that there is a relationship between brand awareness and consumer buying behavior. Moreover, the significance of this study is the combination of unique variables in under developed country
i.e. Pakistan, Lahore and the findings of this research study will help marketing managers
for decision making and policy making.
Keywords: Advertising, Brand Awareness, Consumer Buying Behavior.
Role of E-Marketing in Building the Brand Image of Footwear Industry
Muhammad Zaka
Possibilities Training and Development
E-Marketing is considered as debating factor in this modern era which helps marketers to
focus on online marketing and develops a system in organization regarding online services. The aim of the study is to check the e-marketing role on building brand image on
footwear industry. The data are collected from 150 people and quantitative approach has
been used in the study. Regression and correlation tests have been used for data analysis.
The findings of the study represent that e-marketing plays a significant positive role in determining the image of footwear industry of Pakistan. The study has certain implications
for the policy makers and practitioners. However, the findings of this study are limited to
footwear industry only. These results may be verified in future research studies for other
industries as well.
Keywords: E-Marketing, Brand Image, Footwear Industry.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior in FMCG Sector
of Pakistan
Rao M Ammar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The aim of this research is to examine the branding and consumer buying behavior in
the perspective of FMCGs in Pakistan. The data were collected from the sample of 150
individual and quantitative approach has been in this study. I used the instruments of
close ended questionnaire as the core source of data collection and regression test has
been used to analyze the data. In this study, the brand name, brand logo, brand color and
brand jingle are independent variables and on the other side, consumer buying behavior
is dependent variable. Findings show that the brand name, brand logo, brand color and
brand jingle affect the consumer buying behavior.
Keywords: Brand Name, Brand Logo, Brand Color, Brand Jingle, Consumer Buying Behavior.
Middle Management Perspective for ISO IMS Adoption and Its Impact on
Consumer Purchase Intention: Case Study of “Engro Foods Sahiwal”
Dr. Raja Irfan Sabir, Asad-Ur-Rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Sahiwal
Present research study aims to interrogate into the dairy product industry and dig out the
middle management perspective for integration adoption of ISO management systems
and consumer awareness about ISO systems the ultimately shape the purchase intention.
IMS system combined the ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 into only one
management system were discuss in dairy industry. These make tenacious efforts to improve the quality, environment and health and safety aspects. Present research also examine cost and benefit implementations whether dairy firm experience significant positive
improvement upon IMS certification. Population were the employees of dairy industry
those have knowledge of ISO systems and cluster sampling technique was used to collect
data from respondents and data collected from 250 white collar workers. Thematic analysis, correlation and regression analysis were conduct for verification of research framework as well research hypothesis. Research explicit that integration adoption of ISO would
enhance middle management performance and reduce cost and repeated work activities
and awareness of IMS system among consumer have positively influence on purchase
intention, furthermore IMS certification was the major marketing predictor that improve
customer perceive quality mental map of customer, brand image, brand attitude, brand
preference and purchase intention of consumer.
Keywords: IMS; Perceived Quality; Brand Image; Brand Attitude; Brand Preference; Purchase Intention
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behavior in Clothing Sector:
A Comparative Study of Males and Females of Central Punjab (Lahore)
and Southern Punjab (Multan)
Hafiza Ayesha Riaz
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Consumers give importance to brands and relate their prestige with different brands.
They see brands in different perspectives and expect better quality of brands. With the
passage of time if brands satisfy the need of the customers then they become loyal with
that brand. The basic purpose of this study is to see the impact of brand image on consumer buying behavior in clothing sector. It is a comparative study between two cities:
Lahore and Multan. The main objective of this study is to know which city consumers have
more clear concepts about brands and their usage about brand. The other objective is to
examine whether males are more brand conscious or female. Two independent variables
(brand image & consumer awareness), one mediating variable (consumer perception)
and one dependent variable (consumer buying behavior) were selected for this study.
The questionnaires were filled by the sample size of 155 and target audiences were both
males and females. Reliability of the data was checked by Cronbach’s alpha value. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (regression, correlation and independent sample
t-test) were applied with the help of SPSS software. For the comparative study, independent sample t-test was applied after computing the variables. The results show that males
are more brand conscious than females.
Keywords: Brand Image, Consumer Awareness, Consumer Perception, Consumer Buying
Behavior, Southern Punjab (Multan), Central Punjab (Lahore).
Middle Management Perspective for ISO IMS Adoption and Its Impact on Consumer Purchase Intention: Case Study of “Engro Foods Sahiwal”
Dr. Raja Irfan Sabir, Asad-Ur-Rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Sahiwal
Present research study aims to interrogate into the dairy product industry and dig out the
middle management perspective for integration adoption of ISO management systems
and consumer awareness about ISO systems the ultimately shape the purchase intention.
IMS system combined the ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 into only one
management system were discuss in dairy industry. These make tenacious efforts to improve the quality, environment and health and safety aspects. Present research also examine cost and benefit implementations whether dairy firm experience significant positive
improvement upon IMS certification. Population were the employees of dairy industry
those have knowledge of ISO systems and cluster sampling technique was used to collect
data from respondents and data collected from 250 white collar workers. Thematic analysis, correlation and regression analysis were conduct for verification of research framework as well research hypothesis. Research explicit that integration adoption of ISO would
enhance middle management performance and reduce cost and repeated work activities
and awareness of IMS system among consumer have positively influence on purchase
intention, furthermore IMS certification was the major marketing predictor that improve
customer perceive quality mental map of customer, brand image, brand attitude, brand
preference and purchase intention of consumer.
Keywords: IMS; Perceived Quality; Brand Image; Brand Attitude; Brand Preference; Purchase Intention
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Marketing – V
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Customer Buying Behavior through
Customer Perception (FMCGs)
Jessie Daniel
Superior Group of Colleges
Celebrity endorsement is used almost in all goods and service industries including food,
clothing, suiting, footwear, electronics, telecommunication, fast moving consumer goods
and many more. The marketers know that such advertisement is effective so they mostly
invest in this marketing tool with the purpose to retain the existing customers and create
attraction for new ones so that they perceive positive image about the product, feel association with it and take their buying decisions in favour of the product endorsed. The
objective of this study is to identify the impact of celebrity endorsement on consumer
buying behavior through customer perception in Lahore city. For scientific research frequency distribution, histogram, correlation, regression and mediation analysis are used.
Celebrity endorsement is measured through three variables including source attractiveness, source credibility and source congruency and it is concluded that use of celebrity
endorsement in tv ads has significant and positive relationship with customer buying behavior through the mediating effect of customer perception.
Keywords: Source Attractiveness, Source Credibility, Source Congruency, Customer Perception and Buying Behavior.
Consumer Anger and Frustration in Restaurants: A Case Study of Students of University of the Punjab Lahore
Muhammad WasimAkram
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The intent of this study is to investigate the reasons of students’ anger and frustration
in restaurants. A valid survey (questionnaire) was administered and data were collected
through random sampling from 197 respondents studying in different departments of
university of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan. The underlying study reveals that environment,
management, complaint handling and food quality have positive significant relationship
with anger and frustration except one variable which is price. The research focuses on the
influence of the four main independent variables from the literature, including complaint
handling and environment of anger frustration and dissatisfaction of consumers to the
dependent variables i.e. Anger and frustration. Statistical analysis of the data indicates
that the set of independent variables indicated above influence on the dependent variable.
Keywords: Environment, Prices, Management, Complaint Handling, Food Quality, Anger
and Frustration.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of after Sales Services on Buying Behavior of Customers in
Automobile Sector
Syed Bilal Ali Shah
The Lake City Holdings (Pvt) Ltd
Azhar Iqbal
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The study was conducted in the region of Lahore to gather information about the factors
related to after sales services in the automobile sector that play a decisive role in impacting the buying behavior of the customers. For this purpose, information was gathered
from 150 respondents using questionnaire as an instrument. The questionnaire contained
two parts: one was related to demographics while the other part measured the variables
on Likert scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to check the relationship between
variables. To compute strength of variables correlation analysis was applied. The results
show that the easy availability of a skilled artificer or technician has a strong and positive
relationship with buying behavior. Therefore, in order to convince a buyer to buy that specific car, its manufacturer should focus on the easy availability of an artificer/technician
who has all the respective skills required to fix a vehicle. Other variable easy availability of
reserve parts has negative or inverse relationship with buying behavior.
Keywords: After Sales Service, Artificer/Technician, Automobile, Buying Behavior, Lahore,
Reserve Parts.
Impact of Social Media Advertisement on Consumer Behavior
M. Bilal Hashmi
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The growth of online social networks has made the world a new place of contact and
communication among people. Mostly people can share their knowledge, opinions, and
experiences with one another through social media. Online social networks provided features and may have an impact on people’s behavior in terms of communication and purchasing. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social media (Facebook) advertisement on consumers’ behavior. I have used different independent variables which
can affect consumer behavior. Advertisement through social media (Facebook) and online word of mouth play a vital role to change the consumer perception as it is the best
way to interact with consumer and bring company closer to consumers. Consumer can
understand the culture of different people through social media. A theoretical framework
based on previous study showed that there is a gap regarding online social networks on
consumer’s behavior. The findings of the research are that online social networks have impact on consumer’s purchasing decision process to different extent regarding consumer
behavior. The reason behind impact of social media on consumer is that consumers spend
most of their time in web browsing specially Facebook features which allow consumers to
interact with brand directly.
Keywords: Facebook, Word of Mouth, Advertisement, Consumer Behavior.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors Affecting the Customer Loyalty in Retail Industry
KazimShahbaz
Meezan Bank Ltd.
There were a lot of studies in the past to check the factors affecting the customer loyalty in
retail industry and these studies used different types of factors such as impact of brands,
product quality, pricing etc. The previous research studies were done in the western context and no importance was given to the eastern countries. The present study is done to
check the factors affecting the customer loyalty in retail industry. The main objective of
the research was to empirically investigate the factors affecting the customer loyalty in
retail industry. The study was conducted in Lahore region. 150 people from Lahore were
randomly selected as sample to complete the study. Response rate was 100%. Data were
analyzed through statistical analysis spss16.0 in which histograms, scatter plots, correlation, and regression analysis were applied to the data.
The empirical evidences show that quality of product, shop atmosphere, customer service
and price satisfaction have strong correlation with each other and all these four variables
are strongly correlated with the customer loyalty. The results of regression analysis show
that the independent variable selection, price satisfaction, quality of product and customer service significantly affect the dependent variable which is customer loyalty. The
results also show that shop location has no significant effect on customer loyalty.
Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Retail Industry, Brand, Product.
Wal-Mart a Market Leader: Through the Power of Retailing Business
Mohammad Saarim Ghazi
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Malik ShahzadShabbir
Centre of Professional Excellence (CPE) Blue Area, Islamabad
Retailers are becoming more powerful than manufacturers particularly in recent years
which are evident from academic and trade circles. Wal-Mart, a retailer, is exercising the
power toward their suppliers. This study explores the reasons why manufacturers are becoming less powerful in comparison to retailers. It discusses the innovative retailing
strategies adopted by the company which made it more powerful and market leader.
Wal-Mart is taken as a case study in order to answer mentioned queries and particularly of its success. What factors have contributed in making Wal-Mart so successful,
uniqueness, worldwide operations, emergence and innovative capabilities and at what
extent?
Keywords: Wal-Mart, Market Leader, Trade Circles, Retailing Strategies, Retail Business.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Marketing – VI
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors Affecting the Customer Loyalty in Retail Industry
Kazim Shahbaz,
Meezan Bank LTD.
There was lot of study in the past to check the factors affecting the customer loyalty in
retail industry and these studies were with different types of factors such as impact of
brands, product quality, and pricing etc. As the previous research studies were done in
the western context no importance was given to the eastern countries. The present study
is aimed at checking the factors affecting the customer loyalty in retail industry. The main
objective of the research was to empirically investigate the factors affecting the customer
loyalty in retail industry. The study was conducted in Lahore region. 150 people from Lahore were randomly selected as sample to complete the study. Response rate was 100%.
Data were analyzed through statistical analysis spss16.0 which included histograms, scatter plots where correlation and regression analysis were applied to the data. The empirical
evidences show that quality of product, shop atmosphere, customer service and price
satisfaction have strong correlation with each other and all these four variables strongly
correlated with the customer loyalty. The results of regression analysis show that the independent variable selection, price satisfaction, quality of product and customer service significantly affect the dependent variable which is customer loyalty. The results also show
that shop location has no significant effect on customer loyalty.
Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Retail Industry.
Perceived Service Quality with Low Cost Career and Full Service Airlines:
A Study of Pakistani Passengers
NailaYousaf
Sialkot International Airport
Direct competition between full service airlines and low cost carrier is increasing all over
the world. This research contributes to literature by examining the consumer’s perspective of the service quality component of both type carriers. Based on a survey of 180 Pakistani passengers of both low cost carriers and full service carriers, this research finds the
differences in the perceived service quality of passengers of two airlines. The results of the
study reveal that although there have been significant changes in the aviation industry,
which is currently in disturbance, yet the emergence of low cost carriers has been successful in making inroads in this sector. The findings provide evidence for the importance
of service quality in both low cost and full cost airlines. The results show that passengers
consider significant difference in the tangible features of full service carriers in that they
examine it to be an important aspect of service quality. Whereas low cast carriers have become attractive given their low fares, passengers still consider tangibles to be an effective
source of service quality perceptions.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Services Marketing, Low Cost Carriers vs. Full Service
Airlines, Perceived Service Quality.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Integrated Marketing Communication on Sales: An Empirical
Study in Context of FMCG Sector of Pakistan
Mohsin Ali
Shaheen Air International
The study aims at examining the impact of integrated marketing communication (IMC)
on sales in FMCG sector of Pakistan. In addition, this study provides the picture of impact
of IMC on sales in the light of certain mediating factors which play a major contributing
part. The data were collected from a sample of 110 individuals. Quantitative approach
was used in this study and close-ended questionnaire was the source of data collection.
SPSS (16.0) software was used to analyze the data and relationship between the variables.
There is significant relationship between IMC and brand awareness. There is significant relationship between brand awareness and sales. There is significant relationship between
IMC and brand reliance. This study was conducted from a population consisting mostly
of general population with IMC knowledge, so it is focused. Data were collected from 110
people based in Lahore. So the research is focused, limited and small scale. In this study,
the IMC is independent variable and on the other side, sales is a dependent variable. The
findings implicate the positivity brought by IMC and its impact on different brands and
products. Moreover, it empowers managers with critical decision making data.
Keywords: IMC, Brand Awareness, Brand Reliance, Brand Value, Customer Satisfaction.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Customer Perception towards Social Media of Electronic Products of
Pakistan
Madiha Rasheed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Study objectives: The purpose of the empirical study is to determine how customer perception is affecting the social media marketing regarding electronic products in Pakistan.
Information, trust, brand consciousness, entertainment, and privacy are identified as the
main factors leading to measure perception of customers towards marketing on social
media of electronic products in Pakistan.
Research design/methodology: A quantitative survey is used for conducting the study.
Data are collected by using online questionnaires from 103 social media network users of
Pakistan. For analysis of the data, SPSS software was used for validating the hypothesis.
Research limitations: The focus of this study is limited to empirical study. The sample size
of 103 was selected for this study which is limited to the geographical area of Lahore, the
study results are based upon customer perception at that particular point in time when
data were collected. The sample of the study is restricted to similar users of social networks
Research findings: The finding of the empirical study is that the customer perception
towards social media marketing is positive and significant in Pakistan. Marketers should
focus more on trust, privacy and accurate information in order to raise customer loyalty.
Yet, social media networks plays stronger role to meet customer attention in electronics
industry
Research implications: This study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge by
examining the perception of the customers towards social media marketing of electronic
products. Furthermore, social media marketing in Pakistan of electronics industry is an
important variable to be measured according to customer perception.
Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Trust, Customer, Information, Electronics.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Consumer’s Perception towards Online Shopping in Pakistan
Sana Shahid
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this empirical study is to determine buying behavior of consumers and
analysis of products that are frequently sold on internet and the factors affecting attitude of consumers towards online shopping in Pakistan. A quantitative survey design was
used for conducting this empirical study. Data were collected by using online questionnaires from 100 social media network users of Pakistan. For the analysis of the data, SPSS
software was used for validating the hypothesis. Regression analysis was computed to
investigate the contribution of independent variables. This study examined that there is
significant relationship between online shopping adoption and elements of consumer
perceptions such as (security, price, time and brand image). This study also investigates
that garment industry in Pakistan is attracting major sales online and the reason behind
this attraction is that they are working on ‘buy first – pay later’ strategy. Consumers feel
comfortable in making such a purchase. The focus of this study is limited to survey only as
it was conducted online where most of the people feel reluctant to fill the questionnaire.
So, the sample size is relatively very small. This study contributes significantly to the body
of knowledge by examining association of price, security, and brand quality with online
shopping adoption.
Keywords: Online Retailing, Consumer Perception, Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Branding Factors Influencing the Student’s Decision Making for the Selection of Higher Education Institution in Pakistan: A Quantitative Study
on Public and Private Higher Education Institutions
Tabinda Usman
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between branding strategies adopted by private and public universities in Pakistan and students’ decision making for the
selection of HEI. The survey questions were formed keeping in view the three factors of
branding strategies: the brand image, brand loyalty and brand awareness. The sample size
for the purpose of analysis of the survey was 3000 from university of the Punjab, Lahore
(public); university of central Punjab, Lahore (private); superior university, Lahore (private)
and university of Lahore (private). An empirical analysis has been conducted on the data
collected through adopted structured questionnaire for the study. The statistical software
SPSS has been used for the findings and hypothesis testing. The research findings indicate
that branding mix has a positive relationship with student’s decision making for selecting
a university. The findings show that the process of student’s choice of university consists
of five steps: motives, information gathering, evaluate alternative, final decision and post
choice evaluations. The findings also show that the branding strategies in Pakistan consists of five elements which are teaching and learning, customer centered focus, goodwill
of the university, infrastructure, environment and advertising. The study contributes to
knowledge in the way it researches theories from the west in a different context.
Keywords: Higher Education, Branding Strategies, Brand Awareness, Brand Loyalty, Brand
Image, Decision Making Behavior.
Impact of Social Media Advertising on Smart Phone Purchase Decisions:
A Study on University Students of Lahore
Abdul Mannan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Presently, majority of the students in higher education institutions maintain their profiles
on social networks and most of them use smart phones which is the latest technology due
to its multidimensional uses. The people in business are using the social media platform
to advertise their products. The basic purpose of this study is to examine the relationship
between social media advertising and purchase decisions of university students regarding smart phones. This study is quantitative in nature. For collecting data, a survey was
conducted among the university students of Lahore. Sample was taken from the students
of 4 universities of Lahore, 2 from public sector and 2 from private sector. Sample size was
100 consisting of both male and female students who possess smart phones and maintain
profiles on social networks. Demographic analysis, principle components analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the data in SPSS. The results show that social media
advertising has a strong and significant impact on purchasing decisions of smart phones
among students of higher educational institutions. The findings of this study are useful for
multinational companies which intend to advertise their products through social media.
Keywords: Social Media Advertising, University Students, Purchasing Decisions, Smart
Phones.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Determining Subscriber’s Churn Rate in Telecommunication Industry:
The Case of Pakistan
Hira Aleem, Muhammad Ashraf, SumairaRehman
University Of Gujrat, Gujrat
Retaining customer is the most challenging task for telecom companies in Pakistan. The
purpose of this study is to show the factors that affects the probability of customer churn
rate in telecommunication industry. The data used for this research is primary and collected via self-administered questionnaire. The variables considered under this research
are customer satisfaction, network coverage, value added services, social influence, effective retention programs, effective advertisement and service usage. The result shows
that customer satisfaction, network coverage, value added services and effectiveness of
advertisement plays a vital role in retaining customers.
Keywords: Telecom Companies, Customer Churn Rate, Customer Satisfaction.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Education
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Students’ Perception of Academic Quality: A New Dimension of University Ranking
Adnan Ahmad Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
More than 4.5 million tertiary students worldwide are enrolled outside their countries
of citizenship and academic rankings are among the most influential factors in this decision making for the students. However, the practice of ranking academic institutes as
standalone entities is somehow ambiguous and misleading. This approach camouflages
the relatively weaker departments of any particularly institute under the umbrella of outshining ones. Students join departments for earning the degrees of their choice, not the
universities in a logical perspective. So, academic rankings conducted by considering universities/institutes as a unit of comparison can mislead the students and their parents in
making the most appropriate decisions. A short survey on international students studying
at post graduate level is conducted to test the role of university rankings in students’ decision making in joining a university. The main study examined the footings of different
departments comparatively to the parent university/institute. The results of 405 respondents from two departments (computer science and business administration) from each
of three participating institutes supported the argument that department wise ranking
portrays a different picture as compared to ranking done by universities as single units.
Keywords: University, Ranking, Students.
Evaluating the Performance of Gender Education in Pakistan
Zahid Hussain, Syed Hassan Raza
Lahore Leads University
Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Sports have always been considered as an important part of the society but now, these
are becoming an increasingly important part of the economy of all the nations. Soccer ball
is arguably the most favorite game of the world, which has seen its 20 world cups. Pakistani soccer ball producing firms are well known for high quality production. Accordingly,
this research paper shall try to assess the performance of five soccer ball producing firms
in district Sialkot Pakistan. For this purpose, we shall apply linear programming based
technique data envelopment analysis (DEA) in order to obtain the technical and cost efficiency scores. The secondary data of five years shall be taken from annual auditing reports
of Nasir & company. Suitable inputs and output variables shall be selected to calculate the
technical and cost efficiency scores. The results shall allow to find the relative efficiency
of soccer ball producing firms during last five years. This shall be a pioneering study of its
kind and shall be helpful in improving the policy of sports sector of Pakistan.
Keywords: Technical Efficiency, Cost Efficiency, DEA, VRS, CRS, Sports, Soccer Ball.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Instructional Technology on Students’ Learning
Dr. Aamna Saleem Khan
Preston University
Nasir Iqbal
International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of instructional technology on
10th class students’ learning of Wah Cantt. Mere transference of the bookish knowledge
is not enough for effective teaching and clarification of concepts so teaching should be
supplement with other ways also. These ways may be new teaching models and methods
and new emerging technology. So the study focused on the importance of technology for
better instruction and learning. For this purpose, empirical research was done. Two hundred students of government secondary schools of Wah Cantt. were randomly selected for
the study. The questionnaire was prepared in the light of literature by researcher herself
on the parameters of effective learning, development of interest, first-hand experience,
provision of depth and variety of learning, use of audio-visual aids by teachers for effective learning, clear concepts, everlasting learning, natural and consequently easy learning,
development of understanding, and direct impact of textbooks and instructional material
to check the importance of instructional technology in teaching. Descriptive statistics was
applied for analysis of these parameters. The results of the study revealed that audio-visual aids bring accuracy to get firsthand knowledge for obtaining the desirable objectives
and effective learning of students. Instructional material is very necessary in education
system, it provide basis for the development of understanding. The chances of students’
learning increase with the help of these teaching aids. Students’ learning becomes more
easy, quick and long-lasting because these aids leave high impressions on the mind of
students. Teaching aids are very helpful for teaching even difficult and complex concepts.
No one can deny the important role that technology plays for students’ learning.
Keywords: Instruction, Technology, Educational Technology, Instructional Technology,
Basic Material, Non-Basic Material
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Quality Management on Outcome Based Education: A Case of
an Engineering School of Pakistan
Farrukh Idrees, K Savul
FAST National University, Islamabad
Universities are places which provide education to the students and contribute towards
producing intellectual and ethical students. One of the models being adopted by institutes as a facilitator to impart and measure technical, ethical and social skills in graduates
in the framework of “total quality management”. The study deals with the application of
TQM in identifying and measuring the program outcomes for students’ development process. An engineering school has been taken as a unit of analysis. In this empirical research
graduating feedback surveys have been used to in measuring the level of achievement
of programs outcomes. Various dimensions have been identified to impart and improve
outcome based education e.g. Presentation skills, ethical values etc. Further research may
be done by conducting a thorough market needs analysis.
Keywords: Universities, Quality Management, Students, TQM.
Contextualizing the Use of Maslach Burnout Inventory among Secondary School Teachers
FaizaShaheen, Dr. NasirMahmood
Institute ofEducation andResearch, University of the Punjab
The substantial purpose of this study was to use Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in order
to identify the burnout rate of secondary school teachers in three dimensions as emotional exhaustion EE, depersonalization DP, and inadequate personal accomplishment pa
at national level. The ultimate purpose of the study was met by highlighting some of the
unheard and unattended concerns and problems of teachers prevailing within their work
environment followed by demographic variables of teachers. The findings of the study
demonstrated the level of teachers’ emotional burnout with various intensities. It also
opened up some avenues for further research by pin pointing the causes that come on
way for putting the internal involvement of teachers in doubt.
Keywords: Burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, Inadequate Personal Accomplishment
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Comparison of Economic Research Publications in HEC Recognized Education Institutes
Warda Maqbool, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Research culture is growing in Pakistan after the advent of higher education commission
(HEC). Considering the evident increase in literature, we shall explore the differences in
research publications produced by research community in Pakistan. The purpose of this
paper is to identify the research in public and private universities recognized by HEC. By
tapping research publications of each university it would be able to highlight the larger
contribution of either public or private sector in discipline of economics. Presented in
this paper, the comparison of public versus private research contribution, gender wise
distribution and foreign versus local benefaction. Descriptive statistics are planned for
analyzing the data. Data has been collected from respective websites. Findings of this
paper shall directly contribute the knowledge of HEC and shall help in formulating policy
for expanding research culture.
Keywords: Higher Education Commission, Research Publications, Degree Awarding Institutes.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Role of Risk Management in the Success of an Academic Entrepreneur
Komal Mushtaq, Rana Rashid Rehman
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad
Entrepreneurship in the midst of academics is by no means a novel phenomenon. The
debate on academic entrepreneurial role played by universities is greatly alive today in all
spheres of society. Rising importance has been given to university knowledge initialization and operations spillover having the potential of growth and creation of economic
value. However, the liaison between academic entrepreneurship and risk taking has long
puzzled by researchers. Moreover, the role of risk-management in the success or failure
of an academic entrepreneur has yet not been addressed in the preceding studies. This
gap in our knowledge leads to the main objective of this empirical study i.e., to investigate the role of risk management in the success of an academic entrepreneur. Sequential quantitative methods were adopted in two stages; namely an initial survey of 350
academic entrepreneurs/academic patent inventors in research institutes of Pakistan and
an investigation of risk taking in 311 identified academic entrepreneurs. Initial survey is
conducted using a five-point scale developed by Harvey a. Goldstein. This approach was
believed to identify the academic entrepreneurs who become consensually adapted to
academic entrepreneurship. In the second stage choice dilemma questionnaire (CDR) developed by Kogan-Wallach, provided the detail data about risk preferences of consensually adapted academic patent inventors. The results of initial survey suggested that out
of 350, 311 were consensually adapted to academic entrepreneurship, whereas, 39 took
academic entrepreneurship ‘for granted’. Further, CDR suggested that those academic
entrepreneurs who take and manage risks fruitfully are rewarded but failure and passivity
to deal with risk result in the stoppage of academic entrepreneurs. Therefore, the study
concludes that the key to academic entrepreneurship is an understanding and management of risk. For success of an academic entrepreneur, it is necessary to pursue and commercialize research and to manage the associated risk at the same time. The study has
two-fold implications. At the one hand it can help practitioners to identify the extent to
which commercialization of knowledge has become institutionalized, and on the other
hand CDR assess the choice of risk alternatives of academic entrepreneurs thus, indicating
the probability of success.
Keywords: Risk Management, Academic Entrepreneur, Academic Patent Inventors, Choice
Dilemma Questionnaire
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Emerging Markets
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Applying Plat Forming Concept in Healthcare Services Development:
Comparison, Issues, and Future Research
Lianfeng ZHANG, Linda
IESEG School of Management, Université Catholique de Lille
While developing product platforms for designing product families is effectively applied in the manufacturing industry, this platforming concept is rarely employed in the
healthcare industry, hospitals in particular. In view of the lack of structured approaches
to developing healthcare services, this study proposes the adaptation of the platforming
concept –developing healthcare platforms for designing healthcare families –in hospitals
to improve hospitals’ business performance. It first examines make-to-order (MTO) firms,
where platforms are developed for designing product families, and hospitals with respect
to work environments and performance requirements. Based on the many similarities between MTO firms and hospitals, it concludes that developing healthcare platforms and
designing the corresponding healthcare service families in hospitals will be promising.
As initial efforts, this study also provides some general guidelines for planning healthcare
platforms and discusses the related issues in detail. In accordance with the characteristics of delivering healthcare services in hospitals and the application of the platforming
concept in MTO firms, it identifies a number of potential future research issues and topics
pertaining to developing healthcare platforms for designing healthcare service families.
Keyword: Product Platform, Healthcare Platform, Healthcare Service Design, Healthcare
Service Family
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Determinants of Establishment Mode Choice in Emerging Economies:
Greenfield vs. Acquisition
Faisal Shahzad
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Helsinki, Finland
This paper aims at finding the determinants of entry mode choices for MNCs that enter emerging economies through Greenfield or acquisition. Prevailing literature suggests
that this area of international business literature is comparatively understudied and motives for conducting more research exist. I provided answer of main research question in
this study what are the determinants of establishment mode choice in emerging markets.
Investigation showed that within the domain of TCE, there are certain firm-level factors
that influence the decision of establishment mode choice. To explore the influence of the
independent and control variables on the likelihood of either acquisition or Greenfield investment, I conducted a logistic regression model technique to incorporate wide range of
diagnostics. In this Paper, the result of the logistic regression modeling provides support
to the hypothesized relationships that take into account the firm level factors which play
vital role in the choice of decision between Greenfield or acquisition investment. Results
reveal that MNE’s prior experience or learning, international strategy and technological
intensity are influential in the complex foreign investment decision concerning establishment mode choice.
Keywords: Entry Mode, Acquisition, Greenfield, Emerging Economies, MNC, organization
Learning, Technological Intensity, International Strategy.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Manner Expatriate Failure Influence on Organizational Performance:
A Study of Multinational Companies in Emerging Markets
Saqib Ali, Ambreen Sarwar, UzairAkhtar
Bahauddin Zakariya University
Many companies face a problem of expatriates’ failure. This present study investigates the
impact between expatriates failure and organizational performance in term of financial
perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, learning and growth of
the multinational companies work in emerging markets. The association of expatriate’s
failure indicator with organizational performance was also identified. The aim of this paper is achieved by developing and testing the model based on expatriate’s failure indicator including as recruitment and selection, training and development and career planning
system as independent variable and organizational performance as dependent variable,
organizational culture is considered as moderating variable. A structured questionnaire
was send to expatriates that were employed in the different subsidiaries of the multinational companies work in the emerging markets and their responses were collected for
study purpose. The results of this study prove that expatriate failure and organizational
performance have a significant relationship. Furthermore the organizations inhabiting expatriate failure on a wider scale generate higher performance in term of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, learning and growth as compare
to other organizations that inhabiting expatriate failure on minor scale. To survive and
sustain for future it is important that the multinational companies should inhabit the expatriate failure to boost organizational performance and gain competitive advantage.
Keywords: Expatriate Failure, Organizational Performance, Multinational Companies.
Role of Forestry in Sustainable Development: An Empirical Analysis
AbidaRamzan, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
The history of humans is a story of forests and their use and one of the most vital contributions made by forestry to human enlightenment is the concept of sustainability. This paper is an attempt to explore the link between forestry and sustainable development. We
empirically investigate the causal relationship between forestry and sustainable development by using data of Forest Area, Sustainable Development Index and Governance Index
for 15 years’ time period from 1999-2013 for 128 countries. By employing the dynamic
panel data model results shows that forestry contributes towards sustainable development. Policy recommendations shall be based on empirical findings.
Keywords: Forestry, Sustainable Development Index, Governance, Dynamic Panel Data.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Institutional Development and Time Patterns in an Emerging Market of
Pakistan
Abida Hafeez
Applied Economics Research Centre (AERC), University of Karachi
This research paper will investigate the impact of institutional development on time patterns over the period of 11-year from 2002 through 2012 in an emerging stock market of
Pakistan i.e. the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). The focus of this research paper is to detect
anomalies in time patterns through the channel of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH).
The efficient market from the informational execution point of view is defined as one
where “stock prices ‘fully reflect’ all available information” (Fama, 1970) and is categorized into three levels: weak-form, semi-strong form and strong-form of efficiency. Such
a study is important in order to investigate possible anomalies and inefficiencies of stock
market and to find out the contribution of financial liberalization and regulatory policies
in achieving market efficiency. For the test of return predictability, the information set is
defined as past history of stock prices, firm characteristics, market characteristics and time
patterns.
The basic motive for this study is apparent from the fact that there is lack of research work
on time patterns and return predictability in the Karachi stock exchange (KSE). Investigation of time patterns is crucial in detecting anomalies and in probing the extent of regulatory policy changes and institutional development to overcome the anomalous behavior
of the stock market and in achieving market efficiency. The associated hypotheses for
time patterns are that whether all coefficients are equal during the reform periods.
The empirical research approach adopted in this paper includes both parametric and
non-parametric approaches. Under the weak-form of efficiency, parametric test consists
of dummy variable technique to find out holiday effect, the day-of-the-week effect and
month-of-the-year effect through an ordinary least square (OLS) method as explored by
Coutts et al. (2000). To verify the regression results, descriptive statistics like mean, median, Kurtosis etc. will be used along with Chow test for policy changes (Gujarati, 2003). According to Coutts (1997), usage of both parametric and non-parametric tests is in vogue
these days. This study will be useful in understanding the asset return predictability and
time patterns in a Pakistani stock market and will benefit potential users including investors, financial analysts and market regulators.
Keywords: Institutional Development, Stock Exchange, market efficiency
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Energy Security of Pakistan: A Public Policy Dilemma
Fiaz Hussain, Dr. Malik Ghulam Behlol
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi
Dr. Shehzad Hussain
National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Energy is considered a vital factor for economy and its security is an essential component
of national security of any country. Pakistan is an energy starved country and its energy
appetite is expected to grow further in coming years. Pakistan heavily depends on natural
gas which constitutes about 50 percent of primary energy mix. This share of natural gas
has been supplied from country’s own resources for its usages in power generation, domestic, commercial, industry and CNG-fitted transport usage. According to Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2012, the natural gas proven reserves of Pakistan at the end of 2012 are 22.7
trillion cubic feet and they would last for approximately 16 years more if they are used at
current rate of production. Natural gas supply is expected to decline from current 4 billion
cubic feet per day (BCFD) to less than 1 BCFD by 2025-26. This would create a shortfall of
8 BCFD. Two irrational policy decisions in the past, introduction of CNG transport and conversion of power generation on gas, have become somewhat cause of today’s gas crisis in
the country. Government is following a multi-pronged strategy to mitigate the crisis. But
the short term solution lies with the rationalization of existing gas resources and import
of liquefied gas. The midterm solution rests with the import of gas through pipelines. It
is expensive and time-consuming endeavor. The long-term and stable solution lies with
the exploitation of country’s gas potential. With this backdrop, the paper is empirical in
nature and uses published secondary data gathered from government agencies and international data agencies. The objective of this paper is to examine energy situation of
Pakistan in general and natural gas scenario in particular. It further aims to highlight the
natural gas demand and supply phenomenon and forecasts future natural gas demand.
It critically reviews the government’s energy policy with short-term and long-term plans
(Sectorial allocations of natural gas, pipeline or un-piped gas projects), and lastly suggest
possible policy measure to mitigate the looming gas crisis in Pakistan.
Keywords: Natural Gas, Energy, Energy Security, Energy Policy, Natural Resource, Energy
Mix
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Are the sourcing models sustainable or there should be alternative
business models: A comprehensive analysis of the sourcing industry in
emerging markets
Dr. Sikander Khan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
More and more organizations in the industrialized world are outsourcing some or more
of their functions or activities among others to the BRICs or other emerging markets. As
the organizations in the industrialized world outsource an increasing number of value
chain functions, this provides business opportunities to the enterprises in the emerging
markets.
One of the most important reasons given for outsourcing is to lower product and production costs. By outsourcing some elements of the supply chain a company can obtain general cost efficiency, increased potential for innovation, and reduce the risks of fluctuating
demand, to name the few advantages. However, there is also a backside to outsourcing:
environmentally dangerous activities are outsourced; exploitation of cheap labour; lack of
safety measures; countries were outsourcing enterprises are located are highly corrupted,
with wide spread human rights violations, lack of democracy and good governance.
At present the focus is on garment, textile and leather industry located in Bangladesh,
China, Egypt, India, Pakistan and Turkey. This study also covers the major retailers located
in France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK, and the USA. The entire study is carried out by
researchers coming from 12 different universities located both in the industrialized countries and in the emerging markets.
The results of the study are expected to either recommend in keeping the present sourcing models or propose alternative business models.
Keywords: Sourcing Models, Emerging Markets, BRICS, Value Chain Functions, Supply
Chain, Garment, Textile, Leather Industry.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Unraveling the Mystery of Natural Resources regarding Education and
Growth in Pakistan
Aneela BiBi
Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad
Pakistan is well acquainted with natural resources. Nevertheless, it is lacking in their exploration. To make Pakistan as an emerging economy in real terms, such resources can
contribute to its GDP growth. Moreover, Pakistan has no issue of Dutch decease. Empirical
research through SUR model represents that some of the indicators for natural resources
have significant share in GDP growth while some of them have a little consequence on
GDP growth. An important fact for former category of resources is that they do not have
significant share in exports that lead crowding out logic. With the support of time series
data analysis (taken from economic survey of Pakistan) such astonishing results negate
two channels of transmission mechanism from vast natural resources to slow economic
growth, concluded by other studies. In the case of Pakistan, t-statistics although suggests
that natural resources have not robust consequences on real GDP but proxies for natural
resources are positively correlated with real GDP throughout the sample period (19712013). While natural resources may affect education through overconfidence channel in
Pakistan.
Keywords: Pakistan, Natural Resources, GDP Growth, Education.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Market Growth Trends in Pakistan as Impacted by Ecology
Engineer Mumtaz Hussain
The Environ Monitor and Environment Consultant
Like most of the developing countries Pakistan’s environmental profile is not enviable.
Its Nature and natural resources are severely threatened. Its environmental degradation
accounts for 6-8% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which amounts around one billion
dollars per day.
Pakistan’s economy is in doldrums. It has been adversely affected by factors like exponential growth of population, low technological development, small manufacturing, and
disrupted supply chain of raw materials, rising global market competitiveness, terrorism
and hostile bio-physical & socio-economic environments. Despite these constraints Pakistan’s market is growing with snail’s pace, of course with tremendous futuristic potential.
In many cases production processes are orthodox and labor intensive. There is general
lackness of observing environmental and social safeguards on account of their exports
levels are not up to mark. Small percentages of entrepreneurs follow the international
specifications & standards and have obtained the certifications of quality, environment,
social & others. A few organic & green products are found in the local markets as well as
their export is scant. For sustainable development it is essential that golden principles of
environmental friendliness, social acceptance and economic viability are strictly implemented at all steps in the marketing arena.
Ministries of Commerce, Industries, Trade and Environment should provide technical &
financial assistance to the manufacturers/entrepreneurs for producing green products. By
observing the global regulations our business community has the potential to compete
in the global markets. The public departments need to facilitate the manufacturing/production so that required amount of foreign exchange may be earned. Further, Chamber
of Commerce & Industries are required to make arrangement for showcasing the national
products in the international exhibitions.
Keywords: Environmental Profile, Sustainable Development, Environmental and Social
Safeguards, Green Products, Growing Market.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Comparative Study of Entrepreneurship Growth: Evidence from Past History of Asian countries Pakistan, India and Malaysia
Malik Shahzad Shabbir
International Islamic University, Islamabad
This paper aims to investigate the historical background of entrepreneurship in Pakistan,
India & Malaysia. Entrepreneurship is considered as business activity undertaken with a
combination of innovation and risk taking to earn profit or bear loss. The entrepreneur
is at the core of the entire process of production and distribution. Entrepreneurial activities promise higher economy growth rates as well as it provides opportunities to all fragments of the society, thereby it also provides opportunities to poor people to upgrade
their living standards. However, India & Malaysia have strong business history of entrepreneurship. But unfortunately, Pakistan is unable to provide sustainable support to small
scale industry due to which in turn, the industry is unable to support the economy even
after long period. The reasons behind low growth of entrepreneurship in Pakistan are the
economic policies which are always in favor of landlords and feudalists for the development of large scale sectors and this sector was developed as rent seeking sector rather
than entrepreneurial sector. This study emphasizes on the effort required for academic
- industrial collaborative research to enhance management knowledge, entrepreneurial
skills and development of technical skills in Pakistan. It provides a stable platform for entrepreneurs to provide expertise on key areas like making project feasibilities, acquiring
business operations knowledge, establishing brand names, etc.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, History, Indian Business, Malaysia, Pakistan.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Islamic Banking – I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Impact of Islamic Modes of Financing on Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Pakistan
Muhammad Bilal Naeem
Gift College, Lahore
The purpose of this research is to study the impact of Islamic modes of financing on the
financial performance of the three Islamic banks including Meezan Bank Ltd, Bank Islami
Ltd and Dubai Islamic Ltd in Pakistan. Data are taken from financial statements of these
banks from 2007 to 2013. Multiple regression, unit root test and correlation are applied
for the purpose of finding the impact of Islamic modes of financing on financial performance. The results show that Ijarah has significant positive impact on return on assets,
return on equity and earnings per share which are used to measure financial performance
whereas other independent variable diminishing Musharkah has negative impact on financial performance indicators. Only full fledge Islamic banks are considered and data of
Islamic windows of conventional banks are not included in this study. In this paper, impact
of financing side products: Ijarah and Musharkah on financial performance of the Islamic
banks in Pakistan are studied and liability side products are not considered. This study
will help to understand how existing Islamic financing products are affecting the financial performance of the Islamic banks in Pakistan. This study will guide the management
of Islamic banks in Pakistan to focus on those products which are affecting the financial
performance of the Islamic banks. This paper is an attempt to establish a quantitative relationship between the Islamic modes of financing i-e Ijarah and Dimishing Musharkah on
financial performance of Islamic banks in Pakistan.
Keywords: Islamic Modes of Financing, Financial Performance, Islamic Banks, Pakistan.
Determinants of Perceived Performance of Islamic Banking in Pakistan
InamUllah
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The aims of the present study are to identify the factors that affect the Performance of
Islamic banking. This will determine that how different factors will take part to increase
the performance of Islamic banks. Therefore, the present study employed quantitative
methodology using performance as dependent variable and Mudarabah, Musharkah, and
Letter of Guarantee as independent variables. A survey method is used where close ended
questionnaire is prepared to collect data. A correlation and Multiple Regression test are
applied on the variables. According to correlation, Mudarabah, Musharkah and Letter of
Guarantee have weak relationship with Performance.Regression tests show that there is
positive relationship among Mudarabah, Musharkah and Letter of Guarantee with Performance.
Keywords: Mudarabah, Musharkah, Letter of Guarantee and Performance.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
How Services Quality, Sharia Principles and Customer Awareness Affect
the Islamic Banking Adoption: A Perspective from Pakistan
Falak Shah
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this empirical study is to determine the factors that affect Islamic banking
adoption in Pakistan. A quantitative survey design is used for conducting the empirical
study. Data are collected by using self-administrated questionnaires from 150 respondents who are using banking services in several banks of Pakistan. Correlation and regression analysis have been employed to analyze the data. The study finds that all three
factors: Awareness, Shariah Principles and Services Quality affect the customers’ decisions
about adoption of Islamic banking in Pakistan. The results of this study show that most
of the customers consider all these three factors in choosing a bank. Most of customers
have lack of awareness about Islamic banking services. The focus of this empirical study is
limited to the banking customers of Pakistan thus cannot be generalized to other sectors.
Sample selected for this study is limited to the geographical area of Lahore, so, a larger
sample can be used to further generalize the findings to a larger population. This study
will contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by examining the impact of factors that affect Islamic adoption. Furthermore, the findings of the study will help policy
makers in devising such policies and procedures that can enhance the growth of Islamic
banking.
Keywords: Islamic Banking, Awareness, Shariah Principles, Services Quality.
Determinants of Islamic Bank Profitability: An Empirical Research in
Banking Sector of Pakistan
Samra Fatima
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The purpose of this empirical study is to determine the increased performance of Islamic
Banks in terms of Profitability. Islamic banking is now emerging with modern Banking
system. The classification of banking sector attributes brings major changes. For this empirical study, purposive sampling technique has been used. A quantitative survey design
is used for the empirical study using secondary data from annual reports of Islamic banks
for the period 2010-2014 in Pakistan. The data have been analyzed by using the E-views
software for validating the result of hypothesis. Pool Unit Root test (PURT) and Pooled Regression Analysis have been made to analyze and measure the observations. The results
from pool unit root tests show that data is stationary. Based on the findings, this study
has also provided the prospect for Islamic Banks to take advantage of Riba free banking
system. The study has evaluated the performance of Islamic Banks in terms of profitability
by increasing portfolio, deposit mobilization and working capital because Islamic banks
are allowed to earn profit purely in Sharia’s compliance mode.
Keywords: Islamic Banking, Firm Performance, Deposit Mobilization, Investment Portfolio, Working Capital, Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS).
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Internal Determinants of Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Pakistan
Muhammad Arslan
Meezan Bank Limited.
The purpose of this research is to study the impact of internal determinants of financial
performance, i.e. bank size and operating efficiency in the financial performance of the
three Islamic banks in Pakistan including Meezan Bank Ltd, Bank Islamic Ltd and Dubai Islamic bank Pakistan Limited. Data are taken from financial statements of these banks from
2007 to 2013.The regression model is applied for the purpose of finding the impact of
bank size and operating efficiency on financial performance of the Islamic banks in Pakistan. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and earning per share (EPS) are used
as proxies to measure the financial performance. Results show that ROE and EPS receive
positive significant effect from bank size and operating efficiency. Only full fledge Islamic
banks are considered and data of Islamic windows of conventional banks are not included
in this study. This research will help the management of Islamic banks to understand the
impact of the internal factors which affect the performance of the Islamic banks.
Keywords: Islamic Banking, ROE, ROA, EPS, Bank Size, Operating Efficiency.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Islamic Banking – II
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Factors Affecting Liquidity Risk in Islamic Banks of Pakistan
Shahid Jamil
Superior Colleges, Okara
This study aims to describe the impact of four factors i.e. Deposits Volatility, Size, Exchange
Rate and Liquid Assets on the Liquidity Risk of Islamic Banks in Pakistan. To examine the
impact of these factors on Liquidity Risk, the data of five Islamic Banks of Pakistan have
been collected for the period of five years from annual financial reports of the related
banks and analyzed through Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. The findings of the study
suggest that the NPL has positive impact on Liquidity Risk whereas the Size and Liquid
Assets of Islamic Banks have negative impact on Liquidity Risk of Islamic Banks in Pakistan.
The study has important implications for the policy makers and practitioners to assess the
liquidity risk and to devise the strategies to overcome this problem.
Keywords: Liquidity Risks, Islamic Banking in Pakistan.
Determinants of Credit, Operational and Liquidity Risks of Conventional
and Islamic Banks of Pakistan
Malik Javied Anwar
Superior University Campus, Lahore
In present global environment, risk management is mandatory for survival of all natures
of business particularly in banking sector. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk
management practices in Islamic and conventional banks of Pakistan. The data are collected from the annual reports of Islamic and conventional banks. Risk management is
measured by using the three variables i.e. liquidity risk, operational risk and credit risk.
Panel regression analysis is conducted with the help of E-views-5. Non-performing loans
(NPLs), loans provision, operating efficiency and capital adequacy have insignificant effect
on credit risk in Islamic banks but in conventional banks, asset management and operating efficiency have significant and positive impact on credit risk. Non-performing loans
(NPLs) have insignificant but positive impact on operational risk in convention bank and
insignificant effect on Islamic bank. In conventional banks, all independent variable have
significant impact and in Islamic banking sector, dependent variable has insignificant impact on liquidity risk. On the basis of the result, the study is to recommend the suggestion
to banking industry of Pakistan how to manage the operational, liquidity and credit risk.
Keywords: Conventional Bank, Liquidity Risk, Operations Risk, Credit Risk & Islamic Bank.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Comparative Evaluation of Risk Management Practices in Conventional
Verses Islamic Banks of Pakistan
Bushra Naeem
KBM Group
Islamic banking is considered as alternative to conventional banking. Conventional Banking cherishes a long history while Islamic banking gained importance in last few decades.
In this study, the risk management techniques have been evaluated in conventional and
Islamic banking system. Specifically, this particular research has been focused to assess
difference in risk management practice in conventional and Islamic banks. The study selected three Islamic (Bank Islamic, Dubai Islamic bank & Meezan bank and three conventional banks (Faysal bank, Muslim Commercial bank & Bank Al-Habib). The data used for
analysis have been collected from Annual Financials Reports of different banks working in
Pakistan and the frequency of data pertains five years starting from 2009-2013. Independent sample t-test was used to estimate the results. The results found that Islamic banks
are efficient in liquidity risk and operational risk as compared to conventional banks.
Moreover, risk management practices of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan are
not significantly different from each other.
Keywords: Risk Management Practices, Conventional Banks, Islamic Banks, Pakistan.
A Review of Islamic &Commercial Banks Profitability: An Approach Based
upon Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants: The Case from
OIC Countries
Muhammad Ilyas
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Muhammad Ashraf
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
The paper reveals that weather internal management and external (macroeconomic) determinants affect the bank’s profitability for selected sample of different countries. To attain study objective and response to the study question, balanced panel data and regression analysis (fixed effect) model used on the data sample. The ROA and ROE were used
as profitability measure to analyze the bank’s profitability. The Study results reveal that
greater size of assets and management efficiency regarding expense management contributes to increase in return on assets (ROA).The paper demonstrates that management
efficiency about management of operating expenses impact on profitability positively.
Keywords: Islamic Banking, Regression Analysis. Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Profitability.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Patronization of Customers from Commercials Banks to Islamic Banks
Muhammad Ashraf, RabbeeaTahira
University of Gujrat, Gujrat
The purpose behind writing this paper is to show what selection criteria customers employ while selecting an Islamic bank. And it also shows the customer’s level of satisfaction
with the banks. The data for this research is primary data collected through structured
questionnaire and different analytical tools have been employed to get the results. The
variables determined under this study are secure feeling, services offered by bank, efficiency, religious factor, quality related issues, responsiveness, attractiveness and convenient location. The results disclose that the most essential elements are “Religious factors”, “Convenience on the basis of location” and “Efficiency” that customers of Islamic
banks consider importance when they select an Islamic bank. Certain other important
variables consist of secure feelings, standard quality and responsiveness.
Keywords: Islamic Banks, Customer Attitude, Pakistan, Selection Criteria, Patronizing Factors.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Information Technology and
Business Management
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Online Social Networking and its Impact on Online Business in Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan Maqbool, Muhammad Adnan Aquil
Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad
Use of online social networking sites is at its boom around the world and Pakistan is no exception to it. Face book, Hi5, MySpace, Twitter, YouTube and Google+ are a few of the famous platforms for such an activity at mega scale. Like the advertisements on billboards,
print and electronic media, these sites have also revolutionized themselves to become
a podium for marketing by mega, medium and even the small businesses. Apart from
advertisements on these sites, businesses have also evolved out with their specialized
online stores for online shopping. Further, many sites have hosted multiple brands and
products so as to ease the customers looking for diversified products. However, online social networking sites have been the main stay for advertisement and shopping. This paper
is aimed at analyzing impacts of online social networking on online business, in order to
relate marketing strategies by mega businesses. This will help the small companies take
lead from the mega ones to organize the businesses over the World Wide Web. The results
show that online business is becoming famous as Social Networking Sites are becoming
huge and hosting diversified people with different experiences. Though, all issues of the
clients are not addressed by the SNS, still accessing online stores through SNS gives confidence to the clients. Businesses are exploiting this platform to gain competitive advantage over others and advertisement here is more attractive and less costly. Though money
derives many things, but people with low income that cannot use e-commerce still go to
online stores for reviews, comments and products’ specification and price comparisons.
Keywords: Social Networks, Online Shopping, Online Marketing, E-Commerce, E-Value
Creation.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Computer and Special People
Irshad Ullah
Member ISOSS/Analyst, JISR. Reviewer/Editorial Board Member AIRCC (CS&IT), Data Analyst
Sajjad Ullah
University Of Health Sciences, Lahore
Computer is such a device which is used everywhere. Special peoples are those who are
not fully normal because of some sort. They are unable to perform the normal. So computer is a useful device for them. In this study it will be focused that what are advantages
of a computer system in the life of them. The data collection will be made by standard
methods in a given period of time and also visiting their institutions. The revolution made
by computer in their life will be studied. After performing experiments with reliable techniques the results produces will be bring into front. The extracted results from the bulk
of data will be kept to the analysis process. After proper analysis of the generated results
decision will be proposed. As people are working and examples are here from the real
world just like a common man combine some special children and make the football team
of them. On receiving proper training they make the world wonder. Although they not
get the title but they get the courage and also deliver a lot of courage even to the normal
people by outstanding performance in a very short and insufficient resources.
Keywords: Special, Device, Computer, System, Life
ITPM in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan
Muhammad Hasan Maqbol, Farah Hayat
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
IT revolution started in the last decade of the last century and since then has been booming exponentially globally to which Pakistan is no exception. Almost the organizations,
even a few very small, have taken maximum advantage of the availability of the diversified IT solutions. The paper is aimed analyzing the extent of IT penetration in the public
sector of Pakistan in improving the quality of the services as well as impact of using IT in
managing the organizational resources efficiently and with efficacy. The chosen topic is
new and has wide area of research. There is little research that has been done in this field.
Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the propositions, results and models prior
to their application in real life. The results of the paper will have direct implications for
improvement of application of IT in public sector of Pakistan, which is already lagging
technically and technologically due to diversified reasons. The ITPM will help the managers of the organizations to evaluate their position vis-à-vis the requirements of their organizations. The outcomes of the paper will value for management of specific organizations
in particular and public sector in general to improve upon the role and involvement of IT
in improving their routine work as well as the performance of the organization as a whole.
Keywords: ITPM, IT, Performance, Pakistan Public Sector, Quality and IT
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The Impact of Information Communication Technology on the Productivity of Pakistani Banking Sector: Pre and Post ICT Adoption
Amna Nisar, Dr. Bilal Mehmood
GC University, Lahore
Some studies have been done related to the impact of ICT in banking sector of Pakistan.
But many analyst end up without learning that how much productivity change due to the
adoption of ICT in banking sector of Pakistan .To overcome this problem, this research will
focus on investigating productivity change due to adoption of ICT, mainly by employing
Transcendental Logarithmic Production function. First objective of the study is to assess
the pre and post adoption impact of information communication technology on the productivity of Pakistani banking sector. In second objective, quantification shall be done
of impact of ICT on banking sector productivity. This study shall help the banking sector
stake holders to know about the contribution of ICT in banking sector.
Keywords: Production Function, Information Communication Technology, Transcendental Logarithmic Production function.
Computer and Society
Irshad Ullah
Member ISOSS/Analyst, JISR. Reviewer/Editorial Board Member AIRCC(CS&IT), Data Analyst
Society is the combined living style of a locality. Society is the representation of the life of
a place or location. In this research it will be studied that what are the effects of computer
on a society. What role it plays. Its benefits and shortcoming will be focused. This will
explore and help the society. As in daily life computer is a major part of the daily life. The
research data will be gathered by using different data collection tools and techniques. The
data collected will be subject to different experiments. The accuracy and reliability will be
checked. Finally the results will be discussed on the basis of outcomes. Suggestion will be
generated in the light of the results.
Keywords: Society, Computer, Locality
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Computer and the Global warming
Irshad Ullah
Member ISOSS/Analyst, JISR. Reviewer/Editorial Board Member AIRCC(CS&IT), Data Analyst
Sajjad Ullah
University Of Health Sciences, Lahore
Global warming may be defined as Global warming is the unequivocal and ongoing rise in
the normal temperature of Earth’s climate structure. Computer is a useful device which is
used by every organization. As it helps to speed up and facilitate the process. In this paper
it will be discussed that how computer may help in the phenomena of global warming.
As global warming is a very interested and important phenomenon. Here it will be studied that how such (Computer) systems helps to minimize and improve it. As it observed
and practices that today world is very advanced and developed. All resources including
skills are present. But the human is destroying the world in some sort either with the help
of crucial wars or by not having proper planning for construction and development. On
one hand it reach to the surface of planets but on the other hand not hesitating to use any
type of the most destructive weapons like Atomic Bombs, hydrogen bombs, carpeted
bombing etc. Hence here the problem will be focused from such angles to contribute to
the solution with the help of computer.
Keywords: Global, Computer, Help, Study, Problem
Impact of technology penetration and cultural difference on customer
buying decision in Pakistan: Testing of mediating model
Sidra Ejaz
Mathamax Markets Pvt. Ltd, Lahore
The purpose of this research study is to examine the impact of technology penetration or
proliferation and the cultural difference on the customer buying decision in the context
of Pakistan. The study is aimed at examining the mediating role of show rooming, which
is an action in which consumer is going to buy the product online. People use show room
because they have short of time, short of money and they want reassurance about the
product specifications and want a variety of product to choose a desired one from them.
A quantitative survey design is used for the research study. Data were collected from
150 customers of online stores through a close ended structured questionnaire by using
the tool of Five Point Likert Scale. For analysis of data, multiple regression analysis was
conducted through SPSS software. The result shows that there is significant relationship
between technology penetration & cultural difference with the buying behaviour of customers in the presence of show rooming. The focus of this study is on the technological
adaptation and cultural difference and its impact on the customers buying decision. The
results were not observed for other determinants that affect customer buying decisions.
The findings of the study will help to study the customer’s perception towards shop the
products online and online stores can design their promotional campaign accordingly.
Key words: Show Rooming, Cultural Difference, Technological Adaptation, Customer Buying Behaviours.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Media and Communication – I
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Role of Social Media in Promoting Social Entrepreneurship in
Pakistan
Adnan M. Shah, Dr. Abdul Qayyum
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (SZABIST) Institute of Science and Technology,
Islamabad
This study investigates the effect created by social media in promoting social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The aim of the study is to find out the role of both sources
of social communication in promoting social entrepreneurship in Pakistan, while
sorting out the impact of the company and user social communication on social
entrepreneurship metrics. My study investigate the role social communications in
promoting social entrepreneurship in Pakistan and guides to important implications
for social enterprise activities. The effect on social entrepreneurship express that
social communication creates a positive effect on social welfare creation, effective
use of resources and opportunity creation with other stakeholders. This study guide
the following research objectives for entrepreneurs in a changing communication
environment. 1) Investigating the role of social media communication in promoting
social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. 2) To explore the opportunities by the social
media for social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The responses of 200 questionnaires
were taken from the students of 3 different universities (Public and Private sector)
of Islamabad, who frequently uses social media and studied the courses like social
marketing, entrepreneurship and marketing communications in their previous studies as well as employees of social enterprises. The instrument (a self-administered
questionnaire) contained 41 items, 12 items of social media communication that
measured the 18 elements of social entrepreneurship. The items were assessed on
a five-point Likert scale. I measured several constructs in my study framework from
existing scales or studies in the literature. Two observable variables of social media
communication were adapted from the literature to promote the social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. My instrument is validated (face and contents) by three different universities (public and private sector) students of Islamabad, research experts
and employees of social enterprises. Multiple regression and correlation analysis
was used to investigate the effect of social communication to promote social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. Study results show that social media communications have
a significant role in promoting social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. User’s social
communication is shown to have a higher role in promoting social entrepreneurship as compared to a company social communication. Furthermore, the present
study highlights that users’ social communication has a higher impact on effective
utilization of enterprise resources as compared to other variables (dependent and
independent).The research illustrated in this paper is new as according to the field it
contrasts the Impact of social communication on social entrepreneurship in Pakistan
– this topic is increasing interest to the firms and users in the age of Twitter, YouTube
and Facebook but so far a vast area of this field is investigated. Secondly, the difference between consumers generated and company created the communication
of social media is gaining importance, as companies want to transfer their power
of marketing the brand to its users through social media platforms that offers high
value to entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship, Social Media Communication, Social Welfare
Creation, Effective Use of Resources, Opportunity Creation.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
A Study of Nationalism and Provincialism: Statuses at Official Facebook
Pages of Provincial Governments of Pakistan
Mian Aurangzeb Ramish, RubinaAnwer, Sohail Riaz Raja
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Nearly one decade ago in the era of global communication, Facebook became forward
to fill the social communication needs. Social media are about our social life, Facebook
is a widely used in Pakistan. Government bodies are also using it for the communication purpose, where open feedback system is available. Now, measurement is about more
than just numbers, liked, comments, and sharing of statuses. Today it is about trends and
human feedback. Facebook provide their own free analytics tools that allow administrators to track views, impressions and comments. A study of nationalism and provincialism: Statuses at Facebook official pages of provincial governments of Pakistan during 1st
June to 30th September2014. To evaluate nature, frequency, and stance of face book statuses. The variables and categories are constructed under the light of Uses and gratification theory came from Katz, Blumer, and gurevich (1974). A sample comprised statuses of
four provincial units of Pakistan. A total 100 statuses were considered during this period.
The data was categories according to the devised coding. .Quantitative analysis of the
data revealed that there is strong relationship between Facebook statuses and national
solidarity or provincialism. The study has been concluded with theoretical and practical
implications for Facebook official pages admin. The study also suggested strategies for
the enhancement of nationalism and can be used for the elimination of provincialism.
Researcher found that government of the Punjab showed greater interest in nationalism.
Provinces are increasingly using social media platforms to engage with their public. Such
activity may result in the creation of harmony in Pakistan having many differences.
Keywords: Nation, Nationalism, Provincialism.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Effects of Turkish Dramas on Women
Afshan Ehtesham jawaid Bajwa, Ayesha Azam
Superior University Campus, Lahore
TV dramas of any society reflect the culture, behavior and tradition. Soon after the arrival of private entertainment TV channels of Pakistan, they introduced foreign TV dramas
which are injecting traditions of other culture in Pakistan. This study examined the effect
of Turkish dramas on Pakistani society. Uses and gratification media approach was used
in the theoretical frame work of the study. Target population of the study was household
females, living in Lahore. The objectives of the study are to describe the effects of Turkish
drama on Pakistani socio-cultural institutions. Quantitative methods of data analysis resulted that Turkish dramas being aired on different Pakistani channels have only raised the
level of vulgarity in Pakistan and in our media. The Urdu translation of this Turkish soap is
considered to be infectious by its viewers and while some Pakistani writers, directors, and
producers take it as a healthy competition, others believe it’s a grave threat. Such dramas
affect directly culture and when a nation is culturally weak it’s easy to destroy it.The study
has been concluded Media is important component in culture transformation and for social change in the society. Media also portray the true image of existing culture, constructs
the social values especially for women.
Keywords: Women and Media, Effect of Turkish, Pakistani Society and Social Change
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Effect of Dramatized Crime Shows on Youth Behavior
M. Imran Arshad, Muhammad Safyan
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Soon after the arrival of private media, crime shows remained more attractive as well as
more influential for the viewers of Pakistan. Vice versa, media houses kept on airing chains
of crime reenactment to retain and augment viewers. This study investigated the effects
of dramatized crime shows on the youth of Lahore. The study used the theoretical framework of “Cultivation Theory” by Professor George Gerbner (1973). The main objective of
the study was to analyze the overall effects of reenacted crime shows on youth and to
find level of crime attraction, attitude change and crime learning behaviors after watching
crime on television. Data were collected through survey comprised of 150 young respondents (ageing 18 to 30 years) living in Lahore. Quantitative analysis of the data revealed
that most of the youth are not heavy viewers of crime shows; there is strong effect of
reenacted crime programs on viewers. Vulnerability and heavy viewership of crime shows
affected negatively. Reenactment of crimes increases the level of crime attraction and
frustration among youth. Heavy and continuous viewers of crime shows attach meanings
of their own with the crime stories that are told. The study found that gender differences
were directly proportional to the change of effects intensity. Further, males are more affected negatively than females. The Study also highlighted that majority of the educated
youth are comprised of light and normal viewers of crime shows. Whereas, crime shows
are not priority of youth while watching T.V. In future, upcoming researchers can work on
social gaps due to the crime reenactment, relationship between reenacted crimes and
their practical implementations by criminals and comparative analysis of script and production techniques used in Pakistan’s media and developed media.
Keywords: Private Media, Dramatized Crime Shows, Youth
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Effects of Morning Show on Pakistani Household Women Behavior
HiraShafique, Ahmad Saeed
Superior University Campus, Lahore
These Pakistani morning shows have become a part of our lives since the past few years
and have become a must talk among our ladies. This study explored effects of morning
show on Pakistani household women behavior.The study used the theoretical frameworks of “The cultivation” approach from media studies. The main objective of this study
was to examine which kind of segment audience really like in Morning shows. To examine
these shows effect on society. To determine how morning shows have become a medium
through which designer clothes promote. To Study the change in the behavior of the
morning show viewers. Data was collected through survey comprised 50 house wife’s
(ageing 20 to 40) Quantitative analysis of the data revealed that morning shows have
become a medium through which designer clothes are advertised and the makeup artists
gain more publicity. The women fall prey to the gleaming world of glamour and in turn
provide these designers an opportunity to manipulate their weakness of being younger
and prettier to increase their profits. Study found these morning shows promote vanity and show off. The hypothesis of study proves partially right.The findings suggest that
some morning shows are really very good and informative but most of them are promoting vulgarity. This research paper also suggests these Pakistani morning shows are setting new trends, spreading awareness and medium of entertainment. The study has been
concluded as media is very powerful medium so its influence the behavior of its consumer
directly and indirectly so morning shows has been effect the behavior of household in
both negatively and positively.The study also suggested morning shows should be design
in productive way which can bring positive change society.
Keywords: Pakistani Morning Shows, Household Women Behavior, Publicity
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Technological Innovation Diffusion Management, Religiosity and Sexting among Youth of Pakistan
Dr. Raja IrfanSabir, Asad Ur Rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal
Sexting among youth define by the Macquarie Dictionary Online (2010) as sending and
receiving of sexually explicit, text and images via mobile device. Hence the present study
interrogate the sexting behavior, mobile technology diffusion management and its
contribution in sexting practices among Muslim Pakistani youth, furthermore religious
issue&Islamic rules regarding sexting. This study in first phase investigates sexting behavior comprehensively. Interviews were conducted with 87 young boys and girls, snowball
sampling techniques used to select the further respondent. To create the context for the
second phase29 interviews’ were conducted with socio-Islamic scholars, academic and
marketing professionals. On the basis of thematic analysis of data and literature reviewed
grounded theory and insight of phenomena highlighted that conversational sexting
(consistently sending and receiving sexual explicit text) practice was majorly performed
among youth which was not evidenced in sexting literature ever before this study. But
lack of interest in sharing erotic pictures due to conducive family culture. Mobile technology was diffused & commercialized but no such protection measures were developed to
tackled the harmful effects on user and no exact legislation there which define the limit to
business giants and user of mobile application to counter the sexting problem. Instead of
only 170 words was illegal to communicate over mobile device. Sexting is haram in Islam
as it was playing with your sexual parts and mental health while performing sexting.
Keywords: Sexting,Religiosity, Diffusion Management, Text Messaging, Communication.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Media and Communication – II
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Public Opinion about Coverage of PTI and PAT’s protest by Mainstream
Electronic Media of Pakistan
Jaffar Hussain, Anam Shahbaz, Sohail Riaz Raja
Superior University Campus, Lahore
Television screen has become more influential and diverse after the arrival of private media
in Pakistan. Where mushroom growth of media houses has resulted in public awareness
and political mobilization, at the same time, media has injected confusion and uncertainty
about issues of public interest while manipulating its power. This study investigates the
public opinion on the coverage of PTI and PAT’s protest by Pakistan’s main stream electronic media. Cultivation theory and framing hypothesis has provided with the theoretical grounds for the study. Objective of study is to explore public awareness about coverage patterns of media. To find the answer, data was gathered through survey consisting
of 120 respondents (Students of Mass Comm.) at Superior University, Lahore. Findings of
data through quantitative analysis showed that media remained biased while covering of
PTI and PAT’s protest. There was also a strong relationship between media coverage and
public opinion. The study will provide foundations to the future researchers to analyze
media’s coverage patterns of political clashes. Study will also endow media houses with
guidelines for betterment in coverage patterns.
Keywords: Television, Private Media, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Political Comics: Emerging Trend in Social Media and its Impacts on Pakistani Youth.
Saba Sadiq, Aisha Parveen, HiraFarooq
Virtual University of Pakistan
Social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube etc. has great influence
on youth and it offers them with tremendous opportunities to learn. Present study aims
to explore emerging trends of political comics in social media and its impacts on Pakistani youth. This is a triangulation research including both empirical data and interview
material. This study completed in two phases: First phase; survey research design was
used for which survey questionnaire was developed on the basis of existing litterateur
and interview content. Data was collected from a sample of 120 postgraduate students
of Lahore district including an equal number of girls and boys. Second phase; an interview has been conducted with an artist who develop political comics. Qualitative data explored that although it has an element of entertainment but these comics underlined the
meanings which directly affect the viewers’ psychologically. Analysis of T-test shows that
political comics have a tremendous impact on Pakistani youth. It included both positive
and negative impacts. Another important finding indicated that boys are more negatively
impacted than girls due to such emerging trends in social media. From this investigation,
it is concluded that a country’s political leaders’ negative image and reputation can have
a large negative impact on national brand equity. This may lead to more extremism in
Pakistani youth that is a point of serious concern and need to be handled carefully and
wisely. This study also revealing the facts that social media should play a healthy role as
its impacts are widespread and long lasting. This study will provide a guiding ground for
GOVT and other policies making organizations to make strategies to promote a healthy
role of social media and healthy political environment in our society.
Keywords: Social Media, Political Comics, Impact, Youth
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Does Awareness of Health Hazards Associated with Fast Food Affect the
Consumption Pattern? A Case Study of Youth in Pakistan
Naima Malik
Superior University Campus, Lahore
The health hazards associated with fast food are a major concern of the current era that
speak for taking prompt actions to safeguard the health of our youth where the prime
target is the fast food suppliers. The basic aim of this research is to analyze the awareness
level of the youth regarding the health hazards and its impact on the consumption pattern. In this study, the level of awareness was assessed along with various factors related
to eating habits to deeply study the impact of awareness on consumption. This study is
conducted using positivism paradigm and quantitative method of inquiry through simple
random sampling. This research is carried out on youth in Lahore, Pakistan and as this
study is limited to international food chains, upper and upper middle class is selected as
the target sample. The survey is conducted across multiple youth demographic categories and responses are analyzed on the basis of gender, age group and qualification. The
results are drawn that awareness has a significant effect on the consumption of fast food
in youth. The youth visit international fast food chains mostly once a week, signifying
taste as the major attraction and preference of going to international chains. From the
results, it is concluded that if fast food industry wants to grow at the same pace they need
to cater the health hazard issues associated with the fast food.
Keywords: Youth, Consumption Pattern, Fast Food, Awareness.
Predictors of Body Image Dissatisfaction among Young University Female Students of Pakistan (a Tripartite Model of Body Image Disaffection
Assessment)
Dr. Raja IrfanSabir, Asad Ur Rehman
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal
In recent era theoretical approaches of body image disturbance have begun to focus on
multi-predictor models. In present study tripartite influence model was examined with
large sample of university females’ students (ages 20-29). This model is amalgamation of
core source of influence i.e. peer, parents and media which contribute to development
of body dissatisfaction & image perception. Furthermore model suggested that two additional factors mediate the relationship between socio-cultural factors (peer, parents,
and media) and body dissatisfaction and image perception those are social comparison
and internalization of appearance ideal body. Methodological triangulation was used and
qualitative data was analyzed by using thematic analysis technique. The theories develop
from qualitative section of study exactly the same which was explore by previous studies
as well. Quantitative data was analyzed by regression and correlation analyses and confirmatory factor analysis conducted to verify the validity of adaptive instruments. In current
study social comparison and internalization of appearance ideal body significantly develop body dissatisfaction and image perception among university female students and
also mediate the relationship of socio-cultural factor (peer, parents, and media) and body
dissatisfaction and image perception. Present study yet offering replication and extension
of pervious work with social comparison and internalization of appearance ideal body
with Muslim ethnicity and provide support for further testing of tripartite model.
Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Image perception, Social Comparison, Internalization of
Appearance Ideal Body.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
A Statistical Study regarding knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards
Dengue Fever (DF) among the students of University of Azad Jammu &
Kashmir
Farooq Abdullah, Atif Abbasi
University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
Dengue is a widespread mosquito-borne infection in human beings, which in recent years
has become a major international public health concern. Symptomatic dengue virus infections can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from a mild febrile illness
to a life-threatening shock syndrome. Both viral and host factors are thought to contribute
to the manifestations of disease in each infected. It is important to understand its burden
on health care, morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and suspicion of DF in primary
care might reduce the complications if handled properly. We must understand the depth
of the problem in terms of its transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management
and prevention. Pakistan is at high risk of being hit by large epidemics because of many
overcrowded cities, unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, large number of refugees and low vaccination coverage. These conditions promote the spread of infectious
diseases and consequently every year a large number of epidemics/outbreaks occur in
different parts of the country, which result in increased morbidity and mortality. Dengue
is considered to be significant threat for the mankind in the developing countries as well
in developed countries. Dengue (DENG-gay) fever is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Despite the alarming condition, no
documented evidence exists in Pakistan that increases the awareness and practices of the
country’s population regarding dengue fever. To determine the frequency and determinants of knowledge of dengue infection among the students of University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and to investigate how awareness can be raised among the people and
to pull out the important factors which could raise awareness about dengue fever and
suggest measures to government and health oriented organizations including NGO’s.
In 2013, a survey was conducted among 365 students of University of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir. Knowledge of dengue fever and the use of preventive measures were measured
by means of structured questionnaire. Differences in knowledge of dengue fever and the
use of preventive measures between risk groups were calculated by chi-square test and
logistic regression were used for identification of determinant of knowledge. Out of365
students, 97% had knowledge of dengue whereas 12.6% said that malaria break out of it
and 67.7% stated that dengue fever is transmitted by dengue mosquito. In multivariate
analyses, knowledge of dengue significantly differed by age, sex, and region (P < 0.05),
the students with age above 25 knew more about dengue than the others odds ratio (OR)
of 3.076for the age group above 25 compared with people age group 15-20. In comparison with reference group, knowledge of dengue was significantly higher among females
students (OR: 2.222), but lower among male students. In conclusion, the majority of the
study population had good knowledge of dengue but the students with qualification
group intermediate and graduation had relatively little knowledge of dengue. Therefore,
these groups need special attention in future health education programmes. Students
with knowledge of the disease more frequently reported the use of preventive measures
than the others. Increased knowledge and use of prevention measures really decrease the
risk of dengue infection.
Keywords: Dengue, Mortality, Transmission, Manifestation, Prevention
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Mediating Role of Hope in the Relationship between Workplace
Incivility and Turnover Intensions: Evidence Electronic Media Sector of
Pakistan
Muhammed Tahir Manzoor
Dr. Mumtaz Khan
NUML National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan
The idea of the study is to find the mediational role of hope on the relationship of workplace incivility and turnover intentions. Existing literature supports the negative relationship of hope toworkplace incivility and turnover intentions. Turnover intentions are a combination of three dimensions: intention to quit, job search behavior and intention to stay.
Electronic media in Pakistan is one of the sectors which have implemented modern HR
policies and management practices.Data collection is carried out through the self-administered questionnaire. Finding of the study revealed that workplace incivility is positively
related to turnover intentions and hope partially mediating the relationship between
workplace incivility and turnover intentions. To reduce employee turnover management
needs to create such environment that can increase hope in employee that eventually
reduce workplace incivility and turnover intentions. This study, therefore, contributes in
the literature by exploring the mediational role of hope in the relationship of workplace
incivility and turnover intentions in Pakistan. Limitation of the study is a small sample size
and data collection is limited to one city of Pakistan.
Keywords:Workplace Incivility, Hope, Turnover Intentions, Electronic Media.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
CALL FOR PAPERS
(Volume 4, Issue 1)
Inte​rnational Journal of
Management Research
and Emerging Sciences
International Journal of Management Research
and Emerging Sciences is a high quality international refereed journal which is published
once in a year. It calls for papers in areas relevant to Management and Emerging Sciences.
The term “Emerging Sciences” covers the areas
mentioned below as “Research Areas”. We follow a blind peer review policy of reviewing research work submitted to International Journal
of Management Research and Emerging Sciences.
IJMRES accepts to review:
1.
Research Papers
2.
Case Studies
3.
Literature Surveys
4.
Book Reviews
Research areas:
1.
Marketing
2.
Finance
3.
Management and HR
4.
Education Leadership
5.
Production Management
6.
Islamic Finance
7.
Accounting
8.
Banking
9.
Economics
10. Management Information Systems
11. Transport & Logistics Management
Submit your manuscripts to be considered for publication in volume 4,issue 1 to IJMRES as attachments enclosed in e-mail and send to:editor.
ijmres@superior.edu.pk after reading our guidelines for authors latest by
January 15, 2015.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
Guideline To Authors For Manuscripts
1. As a guide, articles should be between 6000 and 8000 words in length.
2. A brief yet comprehensive & self-explanatory title should be provided.
3. A brief autobiographical note should be supplied including full name, affiliation, email address, full international contact details and brief professional biography. This
information should be provided on a separate sheet and authors should not be identified anywhere else in the article.
4. Authors must supply a structured abstract that should not exceed 250 words and
cover the following aspects
- Purpose (mandatory) - Design/methodology/approach (mandatory)
- Findings (mandatory) - Research limitations/implications (if applicable)
- Practical implications (if applicable) - Social implications (if applicable)
- Originality/value (mandatory).
5. Please provide up to five keywords which encapsulate the principal topics of the
paper.
6. Categorize your paper under one of these classifications:
- Research paper - Viewpoint - Technical paper
- Conceptual paper - Case study - Literature review
- General review.
7. Headings must be short, with a clear indication of the distinction between the hierarchy of headings. The preferred format is for headings to be presented in bold format,
with consecutive numbering.
8. Notes or Endnotes should be used only if absolutely necessary and must be identified in the text by consecutive numbers, enclosed in square brackets and listed at the
end of the article.
9. Each Figure (charts, diagrams, line drawings and photographic images) should be
supplied separately (i.e. not within the article itself). Figures should be of clear quality, numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals, and may be supplied in color to
facilitate their appearance in color on the online database.
10. Figures created in MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, Illustrator and Freehand
should be saved in their native formats. Electronic figures created in other applications should be copied from the origination software and pasted into a blank MS
Word document.
11. For figures which cannot be supplied in MS Word, acceptable standard image formats are: .pdf, .ai, .wmf and .eps. If you are unable to supply graphics in these formats
then please ensure they are .tif, .jpeg (.jpg), or .bmp at a resolution of at least 300dpi
and at least 10cm wide.
12. Tables should be typed and included as part of the manuscript. They should not be
submitted as graphic elements. Supply succinct and clear captions for all tables and
figures. Ensure that any superscripts or asterisks are shown next to the relevant items
and have corresponding explanations displayed as footnotes to the table or figure.
13. References preference is that manuscripts be prepared using the Publication Manual
of the American Psychological Association. All publications must be in APA style and
carefully checked for completeness, accuracy and consistency.
14. The editors do not own any responsibility for the use of authors and the reliability of
the data used by them. The authors are self-responsible for any plagiarism.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
GREEN ECONOMY IN THE
EMERGING MARKETSRENEWABLE ENERGY ROLE
IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF EMERGING MARKETS
November 05-06, 2015
Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
Important Dates
Submission Full Paper/Abstract
Notification of Acceptance
Full Papers for Accepted abstracts
Registration
Conference Date
:
:
:
:
:
August 3, 2015
August 28, 2015
September 30, 2015
August 03 – October 18, 2015
November 05 - 06, 2015
Conference Theme:
Today, the entire world is concerned about the climate change. Air and water in most
parts of the world is polluted. Number of people living below the poverty line (less than
US Dollars 2 per day) is increasing day by day. Unemployment is rising to name the few
things. Green economy is considered to be a solution particularly for the emerging markets. However, it is a challenge to implement a green economic development plan.
Call for Papers:
While we encourage papers that address the conference theme, we also welcome papers
that fall outside of the main conference theme but deal with issues of international business in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the USA and the interactions between these regions.
We are pleased to offer a platform to discuss the role of green economy in the emerging
markets. In continuation of our previous effort to facilitate the academicians, practitioners
and policy makers in dealing with the challenges of tomorrow, Superior University invites
you to attend our 6thconsecutive International Conference on Management Research
(ICMR) in Lahore on November 05 - 06, 2015.
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The conference will address the key issues including but not limited to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Green growth and emerging markets
Green growth for sustainable and equitable development
Opportunities and Challenges by integrating green economy with FDI
Green economy and social development
Green economy and self-reliance
Promote and enhance the transition to a green economy in order to significantly
reduce the greenhouse gas emission and maintain the temperature increase
Ecological transition seen as a real economic opportunity that will enable recovery
from the economic crisis by opening new and sustainable markets
Strengthening green economy process with the cooperation of private and public
sectors, bilateral and multilateral institutions
Cross-border trade and investment among emerging markets
Talent, leadership and other HR issues
Innovation
Trade, poverty and inequality
Entrepreneurship skills
Tourism industry in emerging markets
Education and research
SAARC and other regional co-operation
Governance and corruption
Sustainable and transparent busniess
Outsourcing and Offshoring: Key trends and Issues
Business and political risks
Infrastructure and logistics
Exploitation of natural resources
Role of Media and Communication
This conference will provide exceptional networking opportunities for researchers, business leaders, bankers, chief learning officers, HR directors, governmental and leaders of
international agencies, business school heads, from regions including Pakistan, the UK,
the USA, Sweden, France, Australia, Italy, China, Turkey and India. We eagerly look forward
to your participation in the sixth ICMR-2015.
For further information please contact at:
conference@superior.edu.pk
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
NOSTALGIC
MOMENTS
@ICMR
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
2013
Superior University organized its 4th consecutive International Conference on Management Research (ICMR-2013) on November 21-22, 2013 in collaboration with IESEG,
France; ICRIM, Italy; French Embassy and Italian Embassy. The theme of the conference was “Growth in Emerging Markets’.The main purpose of the conference was to
promote research culture in Pakistan by inviting international and national scholars,
researchers, academicians, businessmen and corporate sector executives to share
their exposure and to foster cooperation across the globe. The conference was attended by renowned researchers from UK, USA, Russia, Sweden, France, Australia,
Kazakhistan, UAE and different parts of Pakistan. The Ambassador of Italy to Pakistan,
representatives of French Embassy, Minister of Education, Punjab, Vice President of
Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Heads of various academic institutions and representatives of corporate sector graced the occasion with their presence. One of the
distinguishing features of the conference was the Italian and French business forums
which were attended by Italian Ambassador and diplomats, French diplomats and
representatives from corporate sector particularly those having businesses ties with
Italy and France.
In welcome address, Dr Sikandar Khan, Pro Rector Superior University, thanked the
audience for their participation and also shed light on the theme of the conference.
While discussing the role of research in providing solution to the problems faced by
Pakistani industry, he highlighted the endeavors of Azra Naheed Center for Research
and Development.
The Chairman Superior Group of Colleges Prof. Dr. Ch. Abdul Rehman while thanking
the chief guest and addressing to the participants said, “The solution of our challenges and threats lies in research where only through research we can regain our lost
status and dignity. No doubt, the key success of the developed nations is due to their
aptitude in research resulting in countering and solving their problems and it is a fact
that Superior University has established Azra Naheed Centre for Research and Development (ANCRD) to promote research and find the solutions of the 21st century. ANCRD has huge funds for researchers to explore new opportunities and share research
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
in the existing issues of Pakistan. It is hoped that by applying research, new dimensions
and opportunities can be explored nationally and internationally.”
Prof Dr Stephen Murdoch, Associate Dean at IESEG School of Management, France, H.E.
Adriano Chiodi, Amabassador of Italy in Pakistan, Eric Noitakis, Head of the Economic Department, Embassy of France in Pakistan, Vice President of LCCI and other distinguished
guests shared their views and experiences with the audience related to the growth in
emerging markets. They also emphasized the role of educational institutions in strengthening and promoting research culture across the globe.
The chief guest of the conference, Mr Rana Mashood Ahmed Khan, Minister of Education,
Punjab, admired the efforts of Superior University in promoting research culture in Pakistan. He said, ‘‘It is the 4th International Conference on Management Research and it is
a sign of pure dedication that on one side people of the world are skeptical and highly
critical about Pakistan, but Superior on the other side has managed to give a positive
picture of Pakistan to the world. With the presence of renowned scholars, more avenues
of investment and opportunities will be explored which will benefit Pakistan in future’’.
Five parallel workshops were organized by seasoned trainers. The first workshop was
conducted by Dr Anna A. Dokukina, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics on the
topic of ‘Transition Period: Strategic and Management Issues for Emerging Economics’.
She highlighted the basic transition of economy, modern and classical issues, foundations, characteristics, policies, conditions and international practice of smart growing
business assessment. Second workshop was conducted by Dr Bahauddin G. Mujtaba, Professor Nova Southern East University, the USA on the topic of ‘Situational Leadership
Skills for Employee Development and Engagement. His focus was to match leadership
style to follow lower readiness level through a task-oriented diagnosis. Third workshop
was lead by Dr Taufique Samdani, University of Lille, France where he talked about the
importance of ‘Behavioural Finance in Developed and Emerging Market Countries’. Mr
Ahmad Qureshi, Chief Executive Officers National Outbreach Program focused on the
topic of Breakthrough Thinking and explained that breakthrough thinking can be characterised as a way of preparing the mind to increase significantly the likelihood of obtaining quality concepts in less time and costs as it is a real way of removing barriers to real
progress. He was of the view that in this age of Global Village, knowledge and how to
176
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
use knowledge is power and it can be applied practically. Lastly, Mr Attique Ahmad, Chair
IT-NPO-Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries addressed the topic
of ‘A New Generation of Leaders: The Social Entrepreneur’ and highlighted that just as
entrepreneurs change the face of business, social entrepreneurs act as the change agent
for society seizing opportunities others miss and improving systems, inventing new approaches and creating solutions to change society.
More than 170 research papers on Strategic Human Resource, Management, Marketing,
Entrepreneurship, Finance, Women Empowerment, Economics, Leadership, Gender perspective, media and many more were presented by national and international researchers
in the conference. The conference was concluded with certificate awarding ceremony.
177
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
International Conference on Management Research
Emerging Markets’
Role of Education, Media, Governance, Social & Industrial Development
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The University Of
NEWCASTLE
Australia
International Conference on Management Research
“Emerging Markets’ Future: Business, Innovation, Entrepreneurship & Finance at Superior University Lahore - Pakistan (December 15-16, 2011)”
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
The University Of
NEWCASTLE
Australia
International Conference on Management Research
Local & Global Challenges in Emerging Markets’at Superior University Lahore - Pakistan (December 2-4, 2010)
Superior University, Lahore - Pakistan
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