HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN
FOOD-RELATED AREA IN MALAYSIA
21-22 JANUARY 2014
JAKARTA, INDONESIA
PROF. DR. ABDUL SHUKOR JURAIMI
DEAN
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
Presentation Outline
 Background of Agriculture Sector in Malaysia
 Higher Learning In Food Related Area
 Research and Development In Food Related
Area
 Issues/Problems
 UPM’s role in spearheading Malaysian
agriculture
Background
• Agriculture
contributes about 10% of country’s GDP.
•12% of population are engaged in agriculture.
•About 24% of Malaysia's land area (7,605,000 ha) for
agriculture (arable and permanent cropland).
•Only 5% cropland is actually irrigated.
•Huge plantations viz. rubber were planted since 1876, Palm
oil (1917), and Cocoa (1950).
• Other crops grown are rice, maize, vegetable and fruits.
THE ISSUE at hand: Agriculture is back on the agenda, BUT return to
agriculture remains low
Malaysia - returns to agriculture remains low, with the
exception of large scale enterprises, palm oil and
agro-based industries
• Supply sector constraints limit growth
–
–
–
–
–
Small scale farms
The strong pull of the industrial and services sector
Limited government and private sector investment
Resource constraints and lack of appropriate technology
All the above lead to LOW productivity
• Demand sector is bright
–
–
–
–
Income increase
Population increase
The retail revolution
Growing concern of food security and safety
5 5
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN
FOOD-RELATED AREA
6
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN
FOOD-RELATED AREA
1
No of Univ. Related to
Food and Agriculture in
Malaysia
19
2
No of Institutes/Colleges
Related to Food and
Agriculture
9
3
No of Academic Programs
59
4
No of Enrolments Per Year
11,000-12,000 students
(~2000 students intake Per
year)
5
No of Graduates Per Year
1,900-2,200 graduates
List of Universities in Malaysia – related to Agriculture/Food Production
Major Universities (6)
Other Universities (10)
Private Universities (3)
Uni. Putra Malaysia (UPM) Uni. Malaya (UM)
Uni. Selangor (UNISEL)
Uni. Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Uni. Utara Malaysia (UUM)
Uni. Nottingham Kampus
Malaysia (NOTTG)
Uni. Tunku Abdul Rahman
(UTAR)
Uni. Malaysia Terengganu
(UMT)
Uni. Sultan Zainal Abidin
(UniSZA)
Uni. Teknologi Mara (UiTM)
Uni. Kebangsaan Malaysia
(UKM)
Uni. Sains Malaysia (USM)
Uni. Malaysia Kelantan
(UMK)
Uni. Malaysia Sarawak
(UNIMAS)
Uni. Pendidikan Sultan Idris
(UPSI)
Uni. Sains Islam Malaysia
(USIM)
Uni. Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
(UTHM)
Uni. Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
Uni. Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
List of Colleges and Training Institutes in Malaysia – related to
Agriculture/Food Production (Non-degree Programs)
Institutes / Colleges (9)
Poly-technical Institutes
MARA Professional College
RISDA College
National Agriculture Training College-NATC (MOA)
MOA (Department of Agriculture)
MOA (Department of Veterinary Services)
College of Agriculture Malaysia
Skill-Tech Institute
International Institute of Plantation Management
List of Programs in University
University
Program
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)-21
Bachelor-15
Bachelor of Agriculture (Aquaculture)
Bachelor of Agriculture (Animal Science)
Bachelor of Science (Agribusiness)
Bachelor of Science (Bioindustry)
Bachelor of Horticultural Science
Bachelor of Agricultural Science
Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Science)
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
Bachelor of Engineering (Agriculture and Biosystem)
Bachelor of Science (Food Education
Bachelor of Science Food Technology
Bachelor Engineering (Process and Food)
Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Sciences)
Bachelor of Science (Food Services )
Bachelor of Science Bioindustry
List of Programs in University
University
Program
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)-21
Diploma-6
Diploma in Animal Health and Production
Diploma in Food Plantation Management
Diploma in Agriculture
Diploma in Fisheries
Diploma in Agribusiness
Diploma in Agricultural Engineering
Diploma in Fisheries
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)-4
Bachelor
Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Crop Production)
Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Horticulture and Landscape)
Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Livestock Production)
Bachelor of Aquacultural Science
List of Programs in University
University
Program
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)-6
Bachelor
Bachelor Agrotechnology (Post-Harvest Technology)
Bachelor of Applied (Fisheries)
Bachelor of Agrotechnoloy (Aquaculture)
Bachelor of Food (Food Technology)
Bachelor of Food (Food Services and Nutrition)
Diploma
Diploma in Fisheries
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)-4
Bachelor
Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Entrepreneurship
Bachelor of Bioindustrial Technology
Bachelor of Animal Production
Bachelor of Product Development Technology
Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)-2
Bachelor
Bachelor of Science Technology and Plantation Management
Diploma
Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)-1
Diploma Plantation Industries and Management
Bachelor
Bachelor of Agribusiness
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)-1
Bachelor
Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Science) with Honoured
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)-1
Bachelor
Bachelor (Agriculture)
List of Programs in Institutes and College
Institutes / Colleges
Polytechnical Institutes-4
MARA Professional College-1
RISDA College-2
National Agriculture Training College (MOA)-1
MOA (Department of Agriculture)-1
MOA (Department of Veterinary Services)-1
College of Agriculture Malaysia-1
Skill-Tech Institute-9
Program
Diploma
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Agriculture)
Diploma in Agrotechnology
Diploma in Aquaculture
Diploma in Landscape Horticulture
Certificate
Certificate of Mechanical Engineering (Agriculture)
Diploma
Diploma In Agro-Business (DAB)
Diploma
Diploma in Agriculture
Diploma in Platation Management
Certificate
Certificate of Agricultural Science
Diploma
Diploma in Malaysian Skill
Certificate
Certificate of Malaysian Skill
Certificate
Certificate of Agriculture Malaysia
Certificate
Certificate of Veterinary Malaysia
Certificate
Certificate of Agriculture of Peninsular Malaysia Agriculture Institute (IPSM)
Certificate
Certificate of Aquaculture
Certificate of Fruits
Certificate of Plantation
Certificate of Landscape
Certificate of Vegetable
Certificate of Marketing
Certificate of Processing
Enrolment
Number of enrolment, 2003-2012
Year
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Number of
enrolment
3,448
4,023 5,701
16.7
% Growth
41.7
2010
2011
Average
Enrolment
/ Year
2012
6,549 6,867 7,192 10,097 11,263 11,205 12,597
14.9
4.9
4.7
40.4
11.5
-0.5
12.4
7,894
16.3
Undergraduate Enrolment Trend, 2003-2012
16,000
Undergraduate Enrolment
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
Total
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
Graduates in Agriculture
Number of Graduates, 2003-2012
Year
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Number of
Graduates
390
% Growth
423
Average Graduates
/ Year
735
791 1,122 1,579 3,055 2,028 2,237 1,909
1,427
8.5 73.8
7.6 41.8 40.7 93.5 -33.6 10.3 -14.7
25
Trend of Number of Graduates in Agriculture from 2003 - 2012
Undergraduate Graduated
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
Total
1,000
500
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
Trend of Number of Graduates in Agriculture (different categories), 2003-2012
2000
1800
1600
Number of Graduates
1400
1200
1000
多項式 (Bachelor)
800
多項式 (Diploma )
多項式 (Certificate)
600
400
200
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
-200
-400
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
Number of Graduates by Universities Related to Agriculture in Malaysia, 20032012
1,800
Number of Graduates
1,600
1,400
1,200
2003
1,000
2004
800
2005
2006
600
2007
400
2008
2009
200
2010
-
2011
2012
Universities
Graduate Employed
Total: 18,246
Number of Graduate Employed (Different Field) 2003 - 2013
Marketing
(2471)
Veterinary
(1169)
Agricultural Extension
(7433)
Food Crop
(62)
Research and
Innovation
( 2517)
Plantation
(4518)
Planning and Economic
(76)
Number of Graduates in Agriculture in Different Level of Education, 2012
Level of
Education
UPM UMT UMS UUM
POLY KPMARA RISDA
IST
IIPM KPM
Total
%
Bachelor
355
346
93
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
839
32
Diploma
194
102
0
0
84
115
231
0
0
0
726
27
0
0
0
0
87
0
11 695
251
46 1090
41
549
448
93
45
171
115
242 695
251
46 2655
100
Certificate
Total
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
20
Number and Average Annual Growth Rate of Research Grants, Publications, Patents and
Agricultural Products For All Higher Education Institutions, 2006 - 2012
1200
1048
1000
942
Number
800
746
741
600
496
400
312
200
313
284
245
256
10
2006
6
15
2007
327
241
190
174
0
Growth
Rate / Year
15
9
2008
18
2009
Year
16
47
19
2010
62
22
2011
35
44
2012
RESEARCH
GRANT
26.1 %
PUBLICATION
15.3 %
PATENT
42.2 %
PRODUCT
31.7 %
Share (%) and Number of Research Grants, Publications, Patents and Agricultural
Products by Area, 2006-2012
Area
Food Crops
Commodity crops
Livestock
Marine Fisheries
Aquaculture Fisheries
Agricultural Engineering
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Extension
Food Science &
Technology
Herb
Floriculture
Total
Research Grants
No.
%
439
24.7
273
15.4
199
11.2
40
2.3
156
8.8
214
12.1
65
3.7
50
2.8
Publication
No.
%
1315 29.0
804 17.7
335
7.4
87
1.9
320
7.0
275
6.1
131
2.9
61
1.3
Patent
No.
%
39 18.7
43 20.6
29 13.9
1
0.5
9
4.3
50 23.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
Product
No.
%
46 38.7
13 10.9
15 12.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
6
5.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
137
7.7
627
13.8
16
7.7
14
11.8
163
38
1774
9.2
2.1
100
378
208
4541
8.3
4.6
100
21
1
209
10.0
0.5
100
20
5
119
16.8
4.2
100
Total of Number of Research Grant by University, 2006-2012
University
UPM
UMS
UMT
UniSZA
UiTM
UMK
UM
USM
UTM
UUM
UNIMAS
UPSI
USIM
UniMAP
UNISEL
NOTTG
UTAR
Total
2006
130
2
0
0
0
0
21
8
1
0
1
0
1
8
1
1
0
174
2007
224
12
0
0
0
0
15
18
2
1
2
0
2
6
0
2
0
284
2008
152
8
0
1
0
0
6
4
0
0
5
0
0
9
0
3
2
190
2009
200
3
9
1
0
0
2
5
2
0
0
0
1
14
0
0
8
245
2010
165
11
14
8
0
0
0
13
1
1
0
0
1
18
0
4
5
241
2011
226
18
19
3
0
0
1
7
4
0
0
0
5
15
0
3
12
313
2012
238
13
12
5
8
7
2
6
7
1
2
1
1
12
3
3
6
327
Total
1335
67
54
18
8
7
47
61
17
3
10
1
11
82
4
16
33
1774
%
75.25
3.78
3.04
1.01
0.45
0.39
2.65
3.44
0.96
0.17
0.56
0.06
0.62
4.62
0.23
0.90
1.86
100.00
Number and percentage (%) Research Grant by Higher Education Institutions,
2006-2012
Area
UPM
No.
%
UMS
No.
%
Food Crops
313 23.4
26 38.8
Commodity Crops
230
17.2
13
Livestock
166
12.4
19
UiTM
No.
%
UMK
No.
%
9 50.0
5 62.5
2
28.6
22.2
19.4
0
0.0
1
5.6
3
37.5
0
0.0
2
3.0
7
13.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
1.4
3
4.5
4
7.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
91
6.8
2
3.0
18 33.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
14.3
173
13.0
5
7.5
2
3.7
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
14.3
56
4.2
3
4.5
1
1.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
47
3.5
1
1.5
0
0.0
2
11.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
96
7.2
8
11.9
9
16.7
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
14.3
115
8.6
3
4.5
1
1.9
4
22.2
0
0.0
2
28.6
29
2.2
1
1.5
0
0.0
2
11.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
Jumlah 1335
100
67
100
54
100
18
100
8
100
7
100
Aquaculture
Fisheries
Agricultural
Engineering
Agricultural
Economics
Agricultural
Extension
Food Science &
Technology
Floriculture
UniSZA
No.
%
12
Marine Fisheries
Herb
UMT
No.
%
Issues/Problems
• Lack of interest among school leavers to apply for studies in
agriculture/food production
• Lack of infrastructure/equipment among new universities to
provide practical knowledge to students
• Opportunities for industrial training in food related activities
are limited. 75% of agriculture devoted to oil palm and
rubber plantations
• Upstream food production activities dominated by small
farmers e.g. rice, fruit and vegetable production. Limited
opportunity for students to develop practical skills.
Expectation Future Cooperation HRD
• International internship for students to learn new technology in
food production with countries that are advanced in food
production.
• Research activities with food producing countries to develop
Malaysian expertise in food production technology especially rice
and ruminant production.
• Cooperative research in seed production studies to overcome
problem of local seed production in Malaysia.
What can UPM do to spearhead Malaysian agriculture? Bridging the
technological gap..
UPM could spearhead agriculture through bridging the technological gap
between the university labs and the farms and university labs and
industry to improve productivity, efficiency and towards sustainable
development. Areas of contributions are:
• Human resource development
–
UPM is the leading IHL that produce agricultural leaders and highly trained agricultural personnel in
the country and will continue to do so
• Technological transfer
–
UPM has a number of technologies to be transferred that will help improve productivity and
efficiency
• Building entrepreneurship
–
UPM has the capacity to train agro-entrepreneurs who are competent in technology and business
• Policy labs
–
Malaysian government embarks on transformation plan through their policy labs. UPM is capable
to mobilise their policy labs to analyse agricultural policies.
27 27
UPM’s role in spearheading Malaysian agriculture: Mobilising our
core competencies, academic, research and professional services
UPM has the institutional capacity to churn out knowledge, technology and
innovation to advance agriculture through academic programmes,
research and professional services.
• Academic programmes
–
–
Provide programmes that are complete encompassing “farm to table” and whole value chain
(production, post-harvest, processing, biotecnology, veterinary, environment, agribusiness,
engineering and forestry)
Strong graduate programmes
• Research
–
–
–
Research are current addressing issues such as production, processing, biotechnology, green
technology, sustainable resource management, port-harvest losses, food safety and traceability
Received high research grants in agriculture
Strong in research publication in the international arena
• Professional service
–
Training, extension and outreach programmes
28 28
Terima Kasih
29