Climate Dynamics
氣候動力學
授課老師：張詠斌
(x5161, yuanpin.chang@mail.nsysu.edu.tw)
(Office Hours: Thursday 12:10~14:00 PM, 海A2014)
時間： 週五 14:10-17:00
地點： 海A2042 教室
Schedule
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0917 Introduction of Earth’s
Climate (1)
•
•
0924 Introduction of Earth’s
Climate (2)
•
•
1001 Introduction of Earth’s
Climate (3)
•
•
•
1008 Introduction of Earth’s
Climate (4) : Monsoon
•
•
1015 Introduction of Earth’s
Climate (5) : Wind and Monsoon
•
•
1022 Typhoon Holiday
•
•
1029 Solar Activity and the
Stratosphere
•
•
1102 Climate Archives, Data and
Models
•
1109 CO2 and Long-term Climate
•
1119 Mid-term
1126 Plate Tectonics and Climate
(I) (Mid-term Paper Report)
1203 Plate Tectonics and Climate
(II)
1210 Orbital-scale climate
change (I)
1217 Orbital-scale climate change
(II)
1224 Orbital-scale climate change
(III)
1231 Deglacial and Millennial
Climate Changes (I)
0107 Deglacial and Millennial
Climate Changes (II)
0114 Final Exam (3 pages paper
report)
Episode 9
Plate Tectonics and
Climate (I)
Tectonic Plates
A. Wegener (1914) proposed that continents have slowly moved across Earth’s
surface for hundreds and millions of years.
Earth’s structure
Continental crust: granite, 3070 kilometers thick, 2.7 g/cm3
in density.
Ocean crust: basalt, 5-10
kilometers thick, 3.2 g/cm3 in
density.
Plate margins
Divergent （輻散） : mid-ocean ridge
Convergent (輻合）: trench, subduction
Transform fault (轉形斷層)
Tectonic Plates
Earth’s magnetic field
Magnetic stratigraphy
1. To roll back the recent motions of the seafloor.
2. To reconstruct the rate of seafloor spreading.
Age of the seafloor
The Polar Position Hypothesis
1. Ice sheets should appear on continents when they are located at polar or
near-polar latitudes
2. No ice should appear anywhere on Earth if no continents exist anywhere
near the poles
moraine
scrape
Roche moutonnee
Climate Change and CO2
Data from: Wikipedia
Pangaea
Pangaea (盤古大陸)
Laurasia (勞亞)
Gondwana (剛瓦納)
Model simulation
evaporite (蒸發岩)
Temperature and monsoon
Tectonics
Zachos et al., 2001
Climatic Change for the Past 5 My
Tiedemann et al., 1994
BLAG hypothesis (spreading rate hypothesis)
Spreading rate and CO2 input
Negative feedback
Chemical weathering on land:
CaSiO3 (Silicate rock) + CO2 (Atmosphere) → CaCO3 (plankton) +SiO2 (plankton)
Meting and transformation in subduction zones:
CaCO3 + SiO2 (ocean sediments) → CaSiO3 (Silicate rock) + CO2 (Atmosphere)
In this hypothesis, chemical weathering is a response driven by three factors:
Temperature, precipitation and vegetation.
The Uplift Weathering Hypothesis