. . 2012 .. . . . . . : . Declaration The work provided in thes thesis unless otherwise referenced is the researcher s own work and has not been submitted elsewhere for any other .degree or qualification Student's name: : Signature: : Date: : 1 : : 1 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 : 10 22 22 : 32 : 40 42 42 42 42 43 : 46 47 47 48 : 49 49 52 53 55 56 57 : 57 59 59 60 61 61 71 b Abstract 43 (1) 49 (2) (ANCOVA) 51 (3) 52 (4) 53 55 (5) : (ANOVA) (6) 71 (1) 72 (2) 93 (3) 94 (4) 102 (5) 103 (6) 118 (7) 130 (8) 131 - (9) .. .2011/ 2010 : : . . 36 149 41 35 . 37 . ANOVA ) ( ) ( . . : : . 2007 2007 ). (2005 . . . 1 ). (1997 . Cooper, 1993)) . . (2007) ( ) . ( ) . . 2 . .. . " (http://forum.illaftrain.co.uk) . " . . (http://forum.illaftrain.co.uk) . ( ) . . . 3 - Brown,Collins ) . & Duguid, 1989 . (Brill, Kim, Galloway, 2001) . . (Judith Conway, 1997) . 12- 11 (Kang, 2003) . . 4 . . . (1997 " (363 ) 2001) ." . International (TIMSS) Trends in Mathematics and Science Study 2007 49 43 ). (2009 5 2008/ 2007 (2008 ) ( 37 ) % 18 . . : -1 . " " -2 . : -1 -2 6 -3 -4 : (0.05= ) : ) ( ) .( (0.05= ) : ) ( ) . ( (0.05= ) : ( .( 7 ) ) (0.05= ) : ( . ( ) ) : .1 . . 2011/ 2010 . .2 " " .3 : " " . . . . 8 . : - (Brill, Kim, Galloway, 2001). : - : . (2007 ) : . (1999 ) :( ) - .(1996 ( ) : . (2003 ( - ) ) : (2003 9 ) ). . 1912 . . .(1982 ) . . (koffka,1965) . . 10 . ( ) . (2001 ) . . . (Von Glasersfield 1989, 1993) (2007) Sigle . " " . " " . : . 11 (2007 (Cognition Process) ). : (Adaptive) . Experiential World Viable . . . . .(Cobern,1996) : (2000) Jean Piaget -1 . Vygotsky . 12 -2 (2007 . 2003 ) (2003) - . . .(Bandura,1977) ( ) . . . ( ) ). ( 1988 (Bandura,1977) . . . 13 . . ) .(2008 300 .(2008 100 ) . . . . (Linda, Kim, Ira,& Daisy,2009) . 14 . Collins, Brown, & ) .(Holum, 1991 . . . . .(Linda et al ,2009) . . . (Brill et al,2001) Brown, Collins, & , (1989)) " :(Duguid .(p453) " (Brown et al ,1989) . 15 . . : . . . (Brill et al,2001) . (Linda et al ,2009) . : . (mentoring) Dennen (Collins et al, (Enkenberg 2001) (1989). : . . : (Modeling) -1 :(Explanation) -2 :(Coaching) -3 :(Scaffolding) -4 . . . 16 : (Reflection) -5 : (Articulation) -6 :(Exploration) -7 .(, 2001, p 503 Enkenberg) . ( ) : Modeling & Explaining . : .(Collins 1991) (Collins, 1991) . (Bransford, Zech, & Schwartz, 1988) . . Farnham-) . (Diggory,1990 17 .(Atkinson, 1999) .(Schoenfeld, 1985) : Scaffolding . . . : .(Collins et al, 1991) .(Johnson, 1992) : Coaching . (Bransford & Vye, 1989) 18 . . . : Reflection . . (Scardamali & Bereiter, 1989) : . : . : : : - . : (Collins & Brown, 1989) . 19 - . " . (29 )" . . (2000) . . . : . : ( ) . : : . (2007) : 20 ( ) . ( 2000 ). : . : . (1999 ) (2000) . (1999) . . 21 : . : . : : (2008) : ( . ) -1 ) ( ( ) -2 ( ) -3 ) ( ( ) -4 141 22 : 71 2008/ 2007 70 . : . .2008/ 2007 : (3x2x2) (0.05 ANOVA ) ( ) . (0.05 ) ( ) . ) (0.05 ) ( . ) (0.05 ) ( . (Johnson & Fischbach, 1992) : 23 - - - . . 35 64 . Treisman 13 29 Schoenfeld . . . 24 (Cash, Behrmann, Stadt, and McDaniels, 1996) : -1 -2 -3 . ( ) 28 36) (% 14) : (49 19) .(% 46) (% . ( ) : ANOVA . . 25 . (Jarvel , Erno,& Pekka,2000) . 22 . . . . . . . . . 26 12 . . . . (Hendricks,2001) . 220 SituatedLearning Model . 194 . (Chiu, Chou, & Liu,2002) . 122 27 Taipei : . -1 -2 . . 2003 (Kang,) : . . 28 . . Contextual Heuristics . . (Osana & Saymour,2004) . . . 5 30 . . 29 . (Gautier & Solomon 2005) : . . . - . - . . . : . 37 30 4- 3 . (Kolikant, Gatchell, Hirsch, & Linsenmeier, 2006) . . . 42 . . . (Charney, Cindy et al, 2007) (the Waksman Student Schoolars Programme) . : . 31 . . : (1996) (212) . ( ) . . (1997) . (6413) 1998 /1997 (94) (4 ) (91) (4 ) . (1998) 32 (185) . . 1998 /1997 (6732) . (7256) (454) (105) (120) . (130) . (99) . (2001) (61) ( 10 20) ( ( ) : (0.05) (0.05) . (2002) 33 11 20) (135) : ( 45) . ( 45) . ( 45) . ( ) : - . . . 34 (2004) " . 2004 /2003 . .( 2004 - 2003) (4 ) . ( 2004 - 2003) ( ) . : : ( ) . : ( ) . . 35 ( 1429) : ( ) -1 -2 ( ) ( ) (88) - . ): (44) (44) ( - : - : - - : (0,05) -1 . (0,05) 36 -2 . (2003) . : . (112) (30) (329) (25) (25) . 2003/ 2002 . (Schiering,1999) . (50) . . ( 1426) 37 : : . ) ( ( ) ( ) : 22 . 22 . : . (0 05) . (0 05) . (0 05) . (0 05) . (2001) ( 12- 11) . 38 (85) (0.61- 0.1) (0.14- 0.93) (Test-Retest Method) . .(0.93) (128) ( 2000/ 2001 31) 34 .( 33 30) 2000/ 2001 . .(%56) . (Two-Way ANOVA) ( =0.05) ( 0.05) 39 ( ) . : (2008) (1992) (1996) (2005) (2002) (2000) . (2008) (2001) ( 1426) (2003) . 40 . . 41 . . ( 2011/ 2010 ) 5286 (2010 ). 72 159 : 73 75 . . (1) . 42 . :(1) 76 41 35 73 36 37 149 77 72 . : . : : ) . (3 ( ) % 54 17 % 21 .% 8 33 . (4) . 43 % 33 . (4) . 20 . 2011/ 2010 ( 1) = 1 . . : 0 74 : 20 %100× 44 / = .%75 - %24 .(Allen; Yen, 1985) %80 - %20 ) : %100 × ( /( - )= %79 - %33 .(2007 ) %30 . (5) : ( 1978) 40 . 20 30 . (7 ) (6) . 45 (1978) . 20 . (0.81) . : . : . : 10 . . 46 9 . . ( ) . .(2) . . 35 . . : : . .1 47 : .2 : . .1 . .2 ANOVA ANCOVA . 48 . . 2 3 2 3 . :(2) 35 41 35 41 16.54 21.24 8 10.02 7.03 7.84 3.19 3.65 37 36 37 36 19.86 22.75 8.56 10 8.82 12.74 9.10 16.26 18.24 21.947 8.29 10.01 8.00 10.4 3.50 3.38 72 77 72 77 / : : 49 : (0.05= ) : ) ( ) .( ( ) : .(2) (2 ) (8.29) (10.01) (3.4) . (3) (ANCOVA) (2 ) : (18.24) (8) (10.4) (21.95) .(3.71) 50 (0.05= ) (ANCOVA) .(3) (ANCOVA) :(3) ( ) 0.083 3.049 181.649 1 181.649 0.052 3.83 216.307 1 216.307 0.003 9.45 534.026 1 534.026 0.463 0.54 30.599 1 30.599 59.568 145 8756.485 149 8938.134 (0.05= ) (3 ) ) ( ) : ( ) ( (0.003= p) (9.45) (0.05 = ) . (4 ) 51 :(4) (4 7.68 21.00 7.58 19.05 ) (21.00) ( ) ) . (19.05) ( : (0.05= ) ( : ) : (0.05= ) : ) ( ) . ( (0.05= ) (ANCOVA) .(3) 52 (3 ) ( ) (0.05= ) (0.46=p) (0.54) . 6 5 6 5 . :(5) : 35 41 18.6 24.68 0.52 3.53 37 36 20.97 25.38 0.48 2.64 19.82 25.01 4.300 3.998 72 77 / / / : : 53 : (0.05= ) : ( ) .( ) .(5) ( ) : (5 ) (4.300) (19.82) (25.01) . (5.19) (3.998) (0.05= ) (ANOVA) .(6) 54 (ANOVA) :(6) ( ) 0.023 5.278 0.000 0.216 87.967 1 87.967 61.366 1022.820 1 1022.820 1.547 25.787 1 25.787 16.668 145 2416.807 148 3531.248 (0.05= ) × (6 ) (0.05= ) (61.366) ( ) (0.05= ) (5 ) . (25.01) . (5.19) (19.82) : (0.05= ) : : (0.05= ) : 55 ( . ) ( ) (6 ) (0.216 = p) (1.547) ( ) (0.05= ) . ) ) ( . . 56 . . : (0.05= ) . . . . . 57 . (Johnson & Fischbach, 1992) . Cash, ) Behrmann, Stadt, and McDaniels,1996) . . (Kang, 2003) ) 58 ( . : (0.05= ) . : . (2008) . (Jarvel , Erno,& Pekka,2000) . . : (0.05= ) ) ( 59 . (2008) ) (0.05= ) ( . (Chiu, Chou, & Liu, 2002) . . . (Osana & Seymour, 2004) . (Kolikant, Gatchell, Hirsch &Linsenmeier, 2006) . : (0.05= ) 60 . . (2008) ( ) (0.05= ) . . : . . . 61 . . . 1 .(2007) .(2008) . 1 . .(1999) . .(2003) . .1 .(2001) . . . (1997) . - . 62 6 .(2002) . . .(2001) . . . .(2007) . . 1 . .(1996) . 2 . .(1997) .(1997). : . .1 . 13 . 24 . .(1982) .(2003) . .3 . (2001) . . 63 6 . (2000) : . . .(2003) . . . . 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( - .. ... .. . :Scaffolding - - 76 . . - . - 1 70 1 - 71 2 - 72 2 - :Reflection - .. : .. - :Articulation . - . 77 2 1 - . - . :Coaching 69 (1) : 78 - : 3: : . - . : : :Modeling .. : - .. 73 3 . . . - 79 :Scaffolding . 73 3 - . =1 2 . . :Reflection . .. : . 80 :Articulation . . . . . . :Coaching 75 4 - 75 3 - . 85 81 : - 7 - : 4: : . - . . : : :Modeling - .. . . 77 . 5 - 82 . = :Scaffolding . 77 5 - . .77 5 . = = - = =( ) . - 83 . :Reflection - . ... : 82 - . . . :Articulation . . . . 78 . 84 . :Coaching 78 4 8 7 6 5 . 9 . 97 85 - : : 3: : . - . - . : : : .. . 6 88 : 6 86 - . . : . .. . : . - : 2 x2 =1 x1 . . : 89 87 10 - : 3: : . - . - . . : . : : - .. 90 7 ... .... - . 88 . : . 7 - . . - . : . - . : . .. . : 92 89 11 - : 3: : . - . : . : : 93 22 . . - . . 95 90 8 - : . . . ( ) . . 95 8 - . : . : - ... .8 - . : . - 91 . . . : . 93 12 - . 96 13 - . 97 92 - :(3) %0 %0 %15 %15 %55 %15 %0 %0 %0 %18 %55 %17 93 :(4) : 33 . 94 : * : -1 - - - : -2 - - - : -3 : -4 - - - : -5 - - - 95 3 / 1000 / 3 -6 900 : % 20 - % 90 - % 80 - % 10 - :9 -7 : 2 4 : 81 - 9 :2 - 81 : 4 - 2 :9 - : -8 - - : -9 - 10 : . - - 96 : - 11 - . . . - 12 3 (3 / 1000 = 20 - ): 10 - 40 - 30 - : - 13 . - . 10 . - . 100 2 - 14 10 2 800 : 800 - 100 - 180 - 8000 97 : - 15 % 20 - % 80 - % 100 - % 50 3 / 1000 - 16 1030 1 : . 2 100000 = 10300 - 2 / 10 100000 - 1000 × 110300 - 110300 - 17 : + - - 300 - 18 450 : 3 / : 1000 3 15 - 3 015 - 3 1 5800 3 / 3 15000 - 4000 - 19 0.1 : 01 - 3 / 1- 10 - 1- 98 : - 20 - - : - 21 - : - 22 - - : - 23 - - - : - 24 99 : - 25 : - 26 - : - 27 - - : - 28 - - : - 29 - - - 100 / 1 1500 - 30 : / 1.5 - / 3- / 22 / 4- 5 2 - 31 10 80000 : . / 3 120 - / 3 60 - / 3 20 . 60000 / 3 40 - 12 - 32 0065 : / 1.2 / 3 0.016 - / 3 0.16 - / 3 0.00016 - / 3 0.0016 - ): - 33 ( 0.00046 = / 16 - / 1.2 - / 40 - / 20 - 101 :(5) % % 61 55 64 43 34 70 70 79 68 45 59 51 50 40 43 33 38 39 57 61 48 43 60 70 72 65 53 49 48 50 67 66 39 25 25 33 31 27 47 49 30 32 30 27 71 69 69 48 70 48 53 78 44 28 31 27 28 45 30 33 34 57 74 77 76 76 102 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 :(6) : -1 . 25 - 50 50 50 25 - 50 - 25 -2 : . . - . . 5 -3 ( ) 35 120 1 40 135 2 45 150 3 60 165 4 80 180 5 85 195 6 103 -3 - -4 55 : 160 180 : 150 170 -5 104 : 9 -6 . . . -6 : - - - : -7 - - 105 -8 -9 - 10 : . - 106 - 11 : - . : 15- 12 : × 5.6 ( ) 5.6 5.6 2.8 8.4 11.2 14.9 6.8 100 ( ) 1 ( ) 8 1 2 8 2 8.4 1 12 3 11.2 1 7 4 14.9 1 7 5 16.8 1 10.5 6 - 12 : 2 1 3 2107 3 16 1- : - 13 - - - - : - 14 6 3- 3 2- 6 4- 4 3- : × 1 - 15 - 2 - 5 8 6 - 5.6 4 - 16 - 108 - 17 - . : 19 18 . : - 18 109 - 19 : - 20 1906 19- ^ 10 x 1.6 = - 21 110 - 22 - 23 3 10 3 - 24 10 111 - 25 - - 26 - 27 - 112 - 28 - 29 - 30 - 113 - 31 : - 32 : - 33 Warburg - Warburg 114 - 34 : - 35 : 38 - 36 x,y,z . - 36 115 - 37 - 38 z z - z z y - x - z - 39 - 116 - 40 1872 . . 117 :(7) : 30 . 118 : -1 . 25 - 50 50 50 25 - 50 - 25 -2 : . . - . . -3 : . - 119 -4 : - . -5 -6 - 120 . -7 1906 19- ^ 10 x 1.6 = - -8 -9 121 - 10 3 10 3 - 11 10 - 12 122 - 13 1872 . . - 14 - 15 123 - 16 - 17 - 18 : - 124 - 19 : - 20 Warburg - Warburg - - 21 : 125 - 22 : 25- 23 x,y,z . - 23 - 24 126 - 25 z z - z z y - x - z 28 - 26 ( ) 35 120 1 40 135 2 45 150 3 60 165 4 80 180 5 85 195 6 - 26 - 127 - 27 55 : 160 - 150 - 180 - 170 : - 28 : 128 30 29 . : - 29 - 30 : - 129 (8) 130 - (9) 131 An-Najah National University Faculty of Graduate Studies The Impact of Using Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy in Science Education on the Tenth Grade Students Achievement and Improving Their Scientific Thinking in Nablus By Suha Mahmood Sabri Thouqan Supervised by Prof. khawla Shakhshir Sabri This Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Educational Science in Methods of Teaching Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University Nablus- Palestine. 2012 The impact of Using Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy in Science Education on the Tenth Grade Students Achievement and Improving Their Scientific Thinking in Nablus. By Suha Mahmood Sabri Thouqan Supervised by Prof. khawla Shakhshir Sabri Abstract his quasi empirical study aimed to identify the impact of using cognitive apprenticeship strategy in science education on the tenth grade students achievement and improving their scientific thinking in Nablus governmental schools in Palestine for the year 2010/2011. This study based on the following main questions: What is the impact of using cognitive apprenticeship strategy on the tenth grade students achievement in Nablus governmental schools ? What is the impact of using cognitive apprenticeship strategy on improving tenth grade students scientific thinking in Nablus governmental schools ? The researcher used three tools in this study which are: the Teacher's Manual for teaching according cognition apprenticeship strategy in fluids pressure, achievement test, scientific thinking scale. The study's sample consisted of 149 students from two schools selected intentionally, the sample was divided into two groups; one b experimental consisted of 41 male students and 36 female students, the other is control group consisted of 35 male students and 37 female students. The experimental group teached using cognitive apprenticeship strategy while the control group teached using the traditional method. The results showed statistically significant differences regarding the mean difference between experimental and control group for the experimental group attributed to the teaching method. Statistically significant differences attributed to gender were not found between the mean scores of males & females, no statistically significant impact between the teaching method & the gender. Concerning the scientific thinking, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups for the experimental group, & statistically significant differences attributed to gender were found between the mean scores of males & females for the females, no statistically significant impact between the teaching method & the gender. c This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.win2pdf.com. The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only. This page will not be added after purchasing Win2PDF.