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http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/518371 - fn1 K: <+ + I & 774 M ( * 8=>>* G $ " 7G 2 8==7* % V E0 " 8==6* ! & : * * % " / $ . 2 " # = )0 (2 . 0 , ( * G & " % ) % (% 8==>* / & ?$ 0 84 6@ ); 2 ( ?: ?0 )$ ! ! $ + ?V# ? =6 % " *2 * ) ) # ) * * 773 2 % *" = + !! ** ) ! ) ) ! * K = + / ) + 5 ) ! * )* !) * ! 20 ! + ! ) > K 0 I ) ! #A , 5 7 F" > ! ! # - ) > B 3! ; 7 * ? ! . " 0 7 ! * " > % J K : < K 0 " * )0 ? 8==4* ) % * )$ ?G 8==3* 83 8= 0 % < )$ / . 1 2 . ( " . 0 778* ) I ! 0 )" (/ . 3! < & = ; H ( #? G % )0 )$ = Y: ' =. )0 & 1 ( 1 )$ ; & 8==7* 1 "0 7 ) 8==8* *2 8==A* 4 84 " * / / ( 8 8==3* & = / / ?" / *2 & 773* $ B / ) 773* ) * )$ 4 ) G 0 . (/ 0 2$ & , ; . / ?G E * 5 ?0 : - ! ! 8==>* 1 CD> )H 8==7* : / " 0 + K & 77@* K 77 * & % () ) )/ =0 ,; 0 )0 ?0 ?; J )H . 2 ? " 8==7* 21 . / 8 (% )$ ?$ ! 774* % $ G % 8>> 8=A G V G > H <" # # GD : 67 H , ,% 7 H V <" # 8=>3? <" # 8===? 8=== )K 8 7F 8=3=? # 8=3=? " !! )' 2 !! )' 8=>3? " & 8=>>* # 777* ; & 8=>7* % 8 A 8@A ; & 7> 8> % Z ZV *" 5 ! ! !! G > * 0 7 + K #A , # B 7 " & : " : ! ;' 7 - S! < < E S! S! S! S S 2 S% 2 S S! S S2 # / )8===* . / ( . & 0 2 H 2 & - B : =3 886 ) B K 2 1 - (/ 2 8 6) " ?EE ) 787* <" & ? # ) 773* I & ' E2 0 8 0 ! ?0 6A)88*? 67 6= ) 2 ) 774* <0 " ' @6? 67= 6 3 ) # *% ? * ) 788* <0 A& ! G * * /8 G* 2 ) - * 0 ?! I % D )8*? & ( * 0 % ? 9 7G ) * H 2 2 E- ! ? !!2 9 7 " .H!0-' 9 70 22 B ) 776* <! ?0 2 & / ) 773* / ?H 1 ?EE ? ;G ?EE " 5 2 ! 2 2 ) 773* <0 ??)6*? 3@4 A7 ) 2 ) $ )8=>7* 1 *) * K ) ) 77A* 8 + E " & B " ) =% ( & ' ' ) S [ 2B ( Y .J E E434 E! . ! [ ! ? & - ) * * * ' 2 * 1 0 )9 H * $ ?. # 0 ?2 " B 2 *) ;G H K 2 $ / * ) 77=* 3 ) 2 *) # / 2 " # 2 ) 788* <' G / H 2 ) 77 * < % <& <! B : + & <0 / H ( # & H 2 ? * $ 2 ) 77@* / $ ?G " 3 =/ & G / ( 0 D / 8 >3 ) = ( * ? ) ?" 5 *2 5 ( H & & ( = $' 3 8= ) =. 2 ? ) 2 . 2 ? ) * # 2 * * G ! ) 77A* & 5 Wed 7th November: Gendering caste [Radhika Govinda] This lecture will employ a gender lens to look at caste in relation to sexuality and marriage, food and occupation, social activism and electoral politics, with a focus on Dalit women. Do women experience caste discrimination differently from men? And is Dalit women’s experience of caste discrimination different from that of women of other castes? What is Dalit patriarchy? Is it different from Brahmanical patriarchy? How are Dalit women’s experiences of caste, class, gender theorized? What place and/or voice do Dalit women and their concerns have in Dalit and women’s movements? Is Dalit women’s participation in local politics a stepping stone for their empowerment? It is answers to questions such as these that the lecture will seek to explore. 23 Key readings and resources Dube, L. (2003) ‘Caste and women’, in A. Rao (ed.) Gender and Caste, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 223-48 (hub reserve) Govinda, R. (2009) ‘In the name of “poor and marginalized”: Politics of NGO Activism with Dalit Women in Rural North India’, Journal of South Asian Development 4(1): 45-64 Guru, G. (2003) ‘Dalit women talk differently’, in A. Rao (ed.) Gender and Caste, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 80-85 (hub reserve) Ilaiah, K. (2003) ‘Why I am not a Hindu’, in A. Rao (ed.) Gender and Caste, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 86-89 (hub reserve) Manimekalai, L. (2007) Goddeses, Chennai: C. Jerrold. (film on the extraordinary struggles of three ordinary Dalit women) Available at: http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watchonline/play/8142/Goddesses Omvedt, G. (2003) ‘The downtrodden among the downtrodden: an interview with a Dalit agricultural labourer’, in A. Rao (ed.) Gender and Caste, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 310-24 (hub reserve) Rege, S. (2003) ‘A Dalit feminist standpoint’, in A. Rao (ed.) Gender and Caste, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 90-101 (hub reserve) Sainath, P. (2003) ‘Unmusical Chairs’, in A. Rao (ed.) Gender and Caste, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 336-40 (hub reserve) Additional readings and resources Anupamlata, Ramsheela, Reshma Ansari, Richa Nagar, Richa Singh, Shashi Vaish, Shashibala, Surbala and Vibha Bajpayee (2006) Playing with Fire: Feminist Thought and Activism Through Seven Lives in India, New Delhi: Zubaan, pp. 50-65 (on order) OR Kannabiran, K. (2006) ‘A Cartography of Resistance: The National Federation of Dalit Women’, in N. Yuval-Davis, K. Kannabiran and U. Vieten (eds.) The Situated Politics of Belonging, London: Sage, pp. 54-74 (e-reserve) Beteille, A. (1990) ‘Race, Caste and Gender’, Man 25(3): 489-504 (e-resource) Chakravarti, U. (1989) ‘Whatever Happened to the Vedic Dasi’, in K. Sangari and S. Vaid (eds.) Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, New Delhi: Kali for Women (hub reserve) OR Chakaravarti, U. (2003) Gendering Caste Through a Feminist Lens, Calcutta: Stree (on order) 24 Kapadia, K. (2002) ‘Translocal Modernities and Transformations of Gender and Caste’, in K. Kapadia (ed.) The Violence of Development: The Politics of Identity, Gender and Social Inequalities in India, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 142-82 Mundhra, J. (2000) Sandstorm (Bawandar), Bombay: G. Joshi and J. Mundhra. (film on the struggle of a lower caste woman employed by a state-sponsored women’s development programme) Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMYyRRowms0&feature=related Namala, A. (2008) ‘Dalit Women: the Conflict and the Dilemma’, in M. John (ed.) Women’s Studies in India: A Reader, New Delhi: Penguin Books, pp. 458-66 (on order) OR The Globe and Mail (2011) Q&A: Annie Namala takes your questions on caste. Available at: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/breakingcaste/qa-annie-namala-takes-your-questions-about-caste/article554696/ Viramma, J. Racine and J.L. Racine (1997) Viramma: Life of An Untouchable, London: Verso (on order) , 7 * = + ! ! ) D) > ! * ! K See readings for week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