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UNlVERSlTl TEKNOLOGI MARA
FINAL EXAMINATION
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COURSE
: PHARMACEUTICS II
COURSE CODE
: PHM261
DATE
: 29 MARCH 2005
TIME
: 3 HOURS (9.00 A.M. 12.00 P.M.)
SEMESTER
: NOVEMBER 2004 -APRIL 2005
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.
This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (20 Questions)
PART B (8 Questions)
2.
Answer ALL questions from PART A. Answer any seven (7) questions from PART B.
Answer PART A and PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new
i)
page.
3.
Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.
4.
Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
the Question Paper
an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty
ii)
-
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
This examination paper consists of 7 printed pages
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PART A:
(30 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section.
1.
What is the weight of acetic acid B.P. (33% w/w) needed to prepare 500 g diluted
atetic acid B.P (6% wlw)?
2.
Calculate the amount of propylene glycol required in 50 mL preparation A if the
concentration is 5% in 1000 mL.
3.
Prepare 120 mL mixtures that contained 30 percent sodium citrate, 5 percent citric
acid, 25 percent syrup, 1 percent orange tincture, 0.5 percent lemon spirit, 30 percent
double strength chloroform water and water to 100 mL.
Note that double strength chloroform water has to be prepared.
4.
Paediatric paracetamol oral solution BP contains 2.4% w/v of paracetamol. Create a
formulation for 100 mL oral solution that contains 2.4% wlv paracetamol. Include
suitable additives in your formulation.
5.
K
Compound of Rhubarb Tincture
Light magnesium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Ginger syrup
Chloroform water
6 mL
1.5g
1.5g
Ft. Mist.
mitte 50' mL
Sig. 5 mL t.d.s.
i)
ii)
6.
State the insoluble and soluble ingredient(s).
State the volatile ingredient(s).
Master formula of benzoin inhalation solution B.P.
Sumatra benzoin
Prepared storax
Ethanol (96 percent) to
10%
5%
1000 mL
Calculate to prepare 150 mL of the above solution,
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3
PHIMAR 2005/PHM261
25 g of potassium iodide and 4 mL of peppermint oil are needed to prepare a litre of
throat paint. Calculate the amount needed for both ingredients to prepare 120 mL of
the paint.
The intravenous dose of mannitol is 1.5 glkg of body weight, administered as 15%
(wlv) solution. How many milliliters of the solution should be administered to a 60 kg
~atient?
A pharmacist adds 10 mL of 20% (wlv) solution of potassium iodide to 500 mL of
dextrose for parenteral infusion. What is the percentage strength of potassium iodide
in the infusion solution?
A hospital pharmacist constitutes a vial containing 1 g of azithromycin to 10 mL with
sterile water for injection. The solution is then diluted by adding it to 100 mL of 5%
dextrose injection for administration by infusion. What is the concentration in mg1mL
of azithromycin in the infusion solution?
A baby weighing 4.5 kg requires treatment with phenytoin at a dose of 20 mglkg. A 5
mL vial of phenytoin injection containing 50 mg/mL is available for dilution prior to
infusion. A suitable volume of phenytoin injection is diluted up to 50 mL with sodium
chloride 0.9% (wlv): Calculate the volume of phenytoin injection that must be used in
the preparation of the infusion. The infusion rate must not exceed 3 mglkglminute.
Calculate the maximum flow rate in muminute if these conditions are applied to the
administration.
A patient requires 15 mg of morphine sulphate injection every 4 hours for 16 hours.
Morphine sulphate injection is available as 20 mg1mL. What volume of injection
should be given to each dosing occasion? What is the total quantity of morphine
sulphate given over the 16 hours?
Drug A has a recommended oral dose for a child of 8 mglkg twice a day. An
emulsion is available at a concentration of 40 mgl5mL. Calculate the dose for a 7kilogramme child and recommend the volume of emulsion to be administered at each
dose.
How many mililitres of syrup containing 85% (wlw) of sucrose should be mixed with
150 mL of syrup containing 60% (wlw) of sucrose to make a syrup containing 80%
(wlw) of sucrose?
How many mililitres of concentrated chloroform water do you need if you want to
prepare 1.5 litres of double strength chloroform water?
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PHIMAR 2005/PHM261
16.
A mother buys a 150 mL bottle of cough linctus. She gives each of her two children 5
mL four times a day for 3 days. How many doses will be left at the end of 3 days?
17.
4'-ou have 4 mL of ophthalmic tobramycin solution 0.3% (wlv). You dilute it with 2 mL
of normal saline. What is the percent strength of tobramycin in the final solution?
.
v.
Atropine sulphate
2% w/v
make isotonic with boric acid
Purified water to
15 mL
How many milligrammes of boric acid is needed in the formulation?
Freezing point depression for 1% of the solution is as below:
0.07"C
Atropine sulphate
Boric acid
0.2goC
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Chlorbutol
Dextrose
Purified water to
Make isoton. sol.
Sig. Nose drops.
0.5 g
0.25 g
q.s.
50 mL
How many grams of dextrose should be used in compounding the prescription?
Freez!ng point depression for 1% of the solution is as below:
0.18"C
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Chlorbutol
0.14"C
Dextrose
0.09"C
20.
Show calculation to prepare 125 mL of liquid paraffin emulsion containing 10 mililitres
liquid paraffin in the formulation.
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PART B:
5
(70 marks)
Answer SEVEN (7) questions only in this section
QUESTION 1
Pharmaceutical preparations generally are categorized into internal and external
preparations.
(a)
List and give examples of FOUR (4) types each of both internal and external
preparations.
(4 marks)
(b)
Water is the vehicle of choice in preparing soluble mixtures. Discuss THREE (3)
types of water that are commonly used.
(3 marks)
(c)
Oil is one of the essential ingredients in formulating external pfeparations. Discuss
THREE (3) types of oils that are widely used.
(3 marks)
QUESTION 2
Filtration is a process of removing unwanted particulates from preparations. List and discuss
TWO (2) methods of filtration.
(10 marks)
QUESTION 3
(1 mark)
(a)
Defines acid and base in accordance to Lowry-Bronstedtheory.
(b)
List and discuss FOUR (4) important applications of pH in pharmaceutical practice.
(6 marks)
(c)
Buffer solution is essential in pharmaceutical practice. By giving an example, explain
(3 marks)
how buffer solutions maintain pH of the solutions.
QUESTION 4
(a)
Discuss the stability problem(s) that might arise in an emulsion.
(b)
Using glyceryl trinitrate as an example, explain the stability problem(s) that might
arise and give your recommendation(s) for overcoming the problem(sr..(5 marks)
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(5 marks)
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QUESTION 5
(a)
List the situation(s) where you need to use the parenteral route.
(3 marks)
(b)
Qefine 'water for injection' and describe its preparation and sterilization.
(7 marks)
HOSPITAL TAMPIN
Cod liver oil
Chloroform water
20 mL
to 100 mL
Ft. emulsio
Mitte 120 m l
(a)
Show all calculations to prepare the above.
(b)
Write short notes on emulsifying agents use in pharmaceuticals preparation.
(6 marks)
(4 marks)
QUESTION 7
(a)
Write short notes on impingement as one of the mechanism in filtration.
(b)
Describe the applications for solidlfluid type of filtration in pharmaceutical industries.
(5 marks)
(5 marks)
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PHIMAR 2005lPHM261
QUESTION 8
(a)
(b)
Explain the type(s) of interaction(s) that occur and the proper way(s) to handle the
problem.
i)
Preparation of parenteral multivitamin that contains cyanobalamin and vitamin
C.
ii)
Preparation of sodium salicylate and lemon syrup (containing citric acid)
mixture.
iii)
Dilution of cisplatin with sodium chloride 0.1% (w/v) solution.
iv)
Dispensing tetracycline and antacids containing magnesium trisilicate.
(6 marks)
Describe FOUR (4) methods to prepare syrup.
(4 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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