Name: _________________
Review for SBI 3U Final Exam
Animal Structure and Function
Why do single celled, or simple organisms NOT need specialized circulatory, respiratory and digestive
systems?
Why does there need to be digestive, respiratory AND circulatory systems in multicellular organisms?
What would happen if one of the systems was missing?
Explain HOW the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems in humans COOPERATE to keep you
alive.
What is the difference between MACRO and MICRO nutrients? Examples?
Make a list of the MACRO nutrients and provide ONE example of a good food source of each.
List, in order, the major organs of the digestive system. Beside each, list the major function of this organ.
BE ABLE TO LABEL the diagram of the digestive system!
What is the difference between chemical and physical digestion? Why do we need both?
For the list of enzymes or digestive components below, list the source (which organ produces this) and
what it is used for during digestion:
a) Amylase
f) Lipase
b) HCl
g) Amylase
c) Pepsin
h) Trypsin
d) Bile
i) Sodium bicarbonate
e) Pancreatic Juice
Explain how the structure and function of each of the following help in absorption of materials from
the digestive tract:
a) stomach
b) small intestines
c) large intestines
What materials does each of the above absorb?
How are materials moved through the digestive tract?
What happens to the materials that are not absorbed? Why do we need fibre in our diets?
BE ABLE TO LABEL the diagrams of the respiratory and circulatory systems.
BE ABLE TO LABEL the diagram of the HEART and show direction of BLOOD flow through the
heart and through the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
What are the 4 components of blood and what does each component do?
Compare the following pairs of items. How are they similar and different? (use chart format):
a) arteries and veins
d) white blood cells and red blood cells
b) systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
e) cellular respiration and gas exchange
c) atria and ventricles
Describe the function of the following:
a) Alveoli
c) Diaphragm
b) Epiglottis
d) Platelets
Explain what happens to your circulatory system and respiratory system when you exercise. How
does this relate to ATP?
How does lung capacity relate to body size and lifestyle?
What determines your pulse? Your blood pressure? Your heart beat?
Explain why our lungs are not two large hollow sacs.
All arteries carry oxygenated blood- TRUE or FALSE? Explain!
All blood vessels have valves- TRUE or FALSE? Explain!
Give some examples where the digestive, circulatory and respiratory systems do not/ cannot
function well.
Imagine that you are an oxygen molecule! Outline the adventurous journey that you would take from
entering a person’s nose to your final destination in one of the body cells. (You may record your
journey in point form- but be specific!)
Plant Systems
Explain the difference in seed structure and germination between monocots and dicots.
What is the difference between MACRO and MICRO nutrients for plants? List them. What do
deficiencies in each cause?
What are factors that affect seed germination and plant growth?
List plant hormones and their functions.
What is a tropism? Give positive and negative examples.
Describe the difference between monocots and dicots with respect to: roots, root cross sections,
stem cross sections, leaf veins, leaf cross sections, seed leaves, number of flower parts.
How does oxygen and carbon dioxide get in and out of the leaf of a plant? How do stoma open and
close?
Compare the functions of the xylem and phloem. And the way materials move through them.
How do plants rely on the properties of water and diffusion for transport of materials?
Label the leaf cross-section and describe each part and their function.
Where is glucose created and stored? Where is water obtained and where does it move to? How
does this relate to photosynthesis?
How do substances move in non-vascular plants?
Genetic Continuity
What does DNA stand for? Where is it found in the cell? What are the components of DNA?
List the stages of cell division (MITOSIS) and what happens in each phase.
List the stages of cell division (MEIOSIS) and what happens in each phase.
Compare MITOSIS and MEIOSIS… what are the key differences? End products? Location?
What is the purpose of MITOSIS? MEIOSIS? (Compare the end result for males/females)
BE ABLE TO LABEL THE DIAGRAMS of Mitosis and Meiosis
Define: sister chromatids, non-sister chromatids, homologues, tetrad, synapsis
Define: haploid, diploid, centromere
List 5 methods of sexual reproduction and give an example of an organism that uses that method.
Compare and contrast sexual reproduction with asexual with as many points as you can.
What’s a karyotype? A pedigree?
Describe the process and purpose of genetic screening. What are some techniques? Advantages?
Disadvantages?
Give 5 examples and brief descriptions of inherited disorders.
Genetics History: Outline Gregor Mendel’s contribution to the field of Genetics. What did he do?
What did he use? What did he propose? Why is he considered to be the “father”?
What are Mendel’s Laws?
Define the following: homozygous, heterozygous, hybrid, gene, allele, trait, P generation, F1
generation, F2 generation, genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, co-dominant traits,
Incomplete dominance, sex-linked traits, multiple alleles
A homozygous blue eyed man marries a heterozygous brown eyed female. Use a Punnett square
to determine the predicted genotype and phenotype percentages of the resulting children.
A Heterozygous dominant tall green round pea plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short
yellow and wrinkled pea plant. Indicate ALL of the possible pollen and egg cells (gametes) for
each plant.
A Heterozygous dominant tall green pea plant is crossed with a second plant that is identical. Use
a Punnett square to determine the percentages or ratios of the possible offspring phenotypes
List some examples of human traits that are sex-linked. What chromosome are these traits
located on?
A hemophiliac man marries a normal woman who’s father was a hemophiliac. Using a Punnett
square, determine the percentages of offspring (male and female) that are normal or carriers, or
have the disease.
Diversity and Evolution
What is classification? Why do we classify?
What characteristics can we use to classify living things?
Who was the first person to suggest a binomial system for naming organisms?
Why did this person suggest the LATIN language for this system?
What’s wrong with writing “T-Rex”?
List the 7 levels of classification that we now use to organize living things.
What are the 6 kingdoms that we group living things into?
What are the 3 Domains of Life?
Compare and contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Why are viruses NOT considered to be “alive”?
What similar/different about the lytic and lysogenic cycles?
What the difference between a bacteriophage and a retrovirus?
List key characteristics of organisms from EACH of the 5 kingdoms and give ONE example.
What are the major groupings of bacteria? What is different about them? The same?
What forms do bacteria come in? Be able to name the various shapes and groupings.
Name 3 protists and describe key features of each.
What is a cladogram? How is it used in phylogeny?
Do individuals evolve? How do populations adapt over time?
Who was Charles Darwin? What theory is his?
What other scienctists laid the groundwork for modern understanding of the life history on Earth?
What is biston betularia and what does its case show us?
What are shared derived characteristics?
Define and give at least two examples of homologous structures.
Where are the Galapogos Islands? Why are they famous? What ideas came from research there?
Define Natural Selection and the four components in the process.
What is biogeography? How does it support the theory of evolution?
What evidence to fossils give? What is a common ancestor?
What is a vestigial structure? What can it tell us? Give an example.
How does embryology reveal relatedness of species?
Describe the mechanisms of genetic variation.
What is an adaptation? Compare and contrast it to evolution.
How is a species defined? What two processes lead to the development of a new species? Which
process is better? What barriers prevent new species from developing?
What types of speciation can occur?
Describe divergent, convergent and co-evolution. Give an example of each.