Othello William Shakespeare Cast of Characters Othello Iago Cassio A young upstart in the Venetian army, Cassio befriended Othello right away and began delivering love notes back and forth between Othello and Desdemona. Othello decides that Cassio will be the new lieutenant. Desdem. (Desdemona) The daughter of a Venetian senator, Desdemona goes behind her father’s back to marry Othello. She is widely regarded as chaste and virtuous as well as exceedingly beautiful. Emilia Roderigo Act I Scene One: A Moor (a black man from Africa) who is the general of the Venetian army, Othello has fought for Italy for many years. Othello’s ensign, or right-hand man. He has worked his way up and befriended Othello over the last five years. Since there was an opening for a new lieutenant, Iago assumed the position would be his because of his friendship and dedication to Othello. Iago’s wife, Emilia, serves Desdemona just as Iago serves Othello. She is dedicated to her mistress but also loves Iago with fierce intensity. Iago happens to believe that Emilia has slept with Othello. A very wealthy spice merchant, Roderigo loves Desdemona and wants her. He would mostly like to marry her but would settle for one night of sleeping with her. He is upset and suicidal after learning that she has married Othello. Venice, in a Street Roderigo I take great offense with you, Iago. You have had access to all my money and resources, and you didn’t tell me about this? I thought you hated this man. Iago I told you I did, and I meant it. I had three of the most powerful men in this city trying to get me this promotion to lieutenant, but of course, he already chose Michael Cassio. Cassio’s not even from this city! He’s never fought before and has no experience planning a battle. I’ve been the general’s right-hand man for five years, and I get passed over. So now you tell me: can I possibly love this man as a friend? I hate him more than you do. Roderigo I’d quit my job if I were you. Iago I need to keep working for him if I want to undo him. I have plans for revenge. By working for him, I’m really working for myself. I am not what I am. Roderigo The thicklips1 has it made if he gets away with what he’s done. Iago Well, we’re outside Desdemona’s house. Let’s wake up her father and tell him about the elopement. Let’s poison his mind before Othello has a chance to talk to him. [He yells.] Signior Brabantio! Wake up! Someone has robbed you, is robbing you this very moment! Brabantio Desdemona’s father. Montano An officer in Cyprus who wields a lot of power. Bianca A prostitute in Cyprus who falls in love with Cassio. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [Brabantio opens his window. He has obviously been sleeping; he’s in his nightgown.] 1 In the 1400s, thicklips was a derogative term used to describe a person of African descent. 1 Othello William Shakespeare Brabantio Who is yelling at me at this hour? [He looks down and sees Roderigo but not Iago.] Roderigo, is that you? I told you to stop coming around my house. My daughter is not interested in you, and neither am I. Roderigo Signior Brabantio, do not close your window! I have news about your daughter. She, uh… Iago [Covering his face so his identity is unknown] Even now an old black ram is tupping2 your white sheep! Brabantio How dare you use such language about my daughter! Iago Check her room, sir! You can kill us if she is there. Brabantio [To a servant] Check Desdemona’s room. [To Iago and Roderigo] I will have you both whipped for disturbing my household at this hour. Servant Roderigo [Returning.] Sir, Desdemona is not in her chamber. So it is true! Othello has kidnapped and is raping your daughter right now. Scene TWO: The street outside Othello’s house [Enter Othello and Iago. Iago reveals to Othello that Brabantio is on the warpath. Othello acknowledges that he has eloped with Desdemona but states firmly that Desdemona was a willing participant. He is not worried. In comes Michael Cassio, the newly promoted lieutenant. He already knows that Brabantio and a bunch of angry neighbors and soldiers are coming for Othello. He also brings news that the duke of Venice needs Othello to report to the grand council. In the distance, they see the horde coming with torches and lanterns.] Cassio Here they come, Othello. Iago General, hear my advice: they come with weapons and intend to use them on you. Othello Peace, gentlemen. All will be resolved. [Enter Brabantio, Roderigo, and several soldiers.] Brabantio [To his soldiers] Take him out, men! [Both sides draw swords; everyone is ready to fight except Othello.] You foul thief; where have you hidden my daughter? Is she still a virgin, or have you raped her already? You must have drugged her or enchanted her with a spell to get her to come to you. Well, men, do what I said! Get him! I don’t care if he’s dead or alive! Brabantio Good God! We must find Othello at this very instant. Round up my neighbors, Roderigo. Roderigo Yes, sir. Iago [To Roderigo] I must return to Othello. I have to warn him about what’s coming. Don’t worry, Roderigo: I’m just playing a part. You will have your lady before this night is over. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Othello I want to talk to you, Brabantio. Where do you want me to go? [EXEUNT3.] 2 Copulating with, having intercourse with. Tupping was a very vulgar term at the time this play was written. 3 Exeunt means “Everyone in the scene exits at the same time.” 2 Othello William Shakespeare Brabantio The only place I want to see you is in prison. Let’s go to the duke and see what he says. Othello Cassio Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Brabantio And I need yours. Duke Whatever is the matter? I’ll obey your wishes, but you must know that the duke wants to see me for other reasons, too. Let us go peacefully. Brabantio My daughter! Oh, my daughter! It’s true; the duke has sent for Othello. Please, put your swords away, gentlemen. Brabantio Worse. She has been stolen from me and abused. Brabantio The duke is holding council at this time of night? Very well. Soldiers, take hold of Othello. I don’t want him sneaking off on the way to see the Duke. [Directly to Othello.] I will see you punished if it is the last thing I do. Duke Duke [Pauses.] She’s not dead… is she? Mercy! Whoever is responsible for the abuse of your lovely daughter will be held accountable! He has wronged you as well as her. He will be punished to the full extent of the law, even if it means death. Brabantio I was hoping you would say that. [EXEUNT.] [Turns and glares at Othello.] That evil man stands before you now. Duke, arrest Othello and send him to the dungeons. Scene Three: Duke Inside the grand council of venice [The duke and several council members are sitting at a table. They are holding an emergency meeting because a fleet of Turkish ships is headed for Cyprus, a neighboring city. If the Turks take Cyprus, Venice will be next. The council has decided to send Othello, a mighty warrior and the general of the Venetian army, to defend Cyprus. [To Othello] This is a very serious charge. What can you say to defend yourself? Othello [Speaking calmly and evenly.] Most potent, grave, and reverend Signiors, my very noble and approved good masters, that I have taken away this old man’s daughter, it is most true. I have married her. Rude am I in my speech, yet, by your gracious patience, I will a round, unvarnished tale deliver of my whole course of love: what drugs, what charms, what conjuration and mighty magic, for such proceeding I am charged withal, I won his daughter.4 Duke But, Othello, did you forcibly subdue and coerce this maiden to love you? Enter Brabantio, Othello, Iago, Roderigo, and several soldiers.] Duke [To Othello.] Valiant Othello, we must send you straight to Cyprus to fight against the Turks. [Noticing Brabantio in his pajamas.] Signior Brabantio, I did not see you there. Welcome. We sent for you to help us with our defense plans, but you were not at home. We need your counsel. Oh, my. I am very sorry to hear that. 4 This section has not been adapted from the original. It has been left in order to show the language and strategy Othello used in his address to the council. 3 Othello Othello William Shakespeare I do beseech you, send for the lady to my apartment and let her speak of me before her father. If you do find me foul in her report, the trust, the office I do hold of you, not only take away, but let your sentence even fall upon my life. While we wait for her, I will tell you how we fell in love. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [Exit Iago to get Desdemona.] that his daughter went behind his back. He disowns her and warns Othello, “Look to her, Moor. She has deceived her own father. She may very well deceive you, too.” Othello cannot believe that Desdemona would ever betray their love. Since Othello must leave in the morning to fight against the Turks, the council ends. Desdemona and Iago’s wife, Emilia, will sail to Cyprus in a few days. Everyone leaves except for Roderigo and Iago.] Duke Well, get on with your story, Othello. Roderigo Othello Her father, Brabantio, loved me as a friend and often invited me to their house for dinner. He questioned me for the story of my life because he was interested in the battles I have fought and the people I have encountered in Africa and on my way to Italy. Desdemona always listened to the stories, too, but she would have to attend to her duties as lady of the house, so she never stayed long at dinner. After dinner, though, after her father had retired, her greedy ears would devour up my stories. I told her stories that made her laugh and that made her cry. It moved me to see how much she cared about the hardships I have lived through. I loved her, but since I am a Moor and in a lower class than she, I knew a relationship was out of the question. One day, though, she spoke of a potential future husband. She told me, “Can’t you teach him to tell stories like you? Then I would be forever content as his wife.” That statement made me bold enough to confess my love for her. She reciprocated my love. This is the only witchcraft I have used: my stories. Iago, what will I do now? Desdemona was the only thing I lived for! Now she is married to the Moor! I think I will go drown myself. Iago Roderigo, don’t be so dramatic. Be a man. Desdemona can’t possibly continue to love Othello. To her, he is just exotic, with his dark skin and exciting stories. She will tire of him, and then she will look for someone else. You need to be there when she starts looking. So, enlist in the army! I’ll make sure Desdemona tires of Othello. God, I hate that man. Make sure you bring lots of money, Roderigo. You’ll need to buy some expensive gifts for Desdemona. Roderigo I can live with this plan. Where will we meet in the morning? Iago Meet me by the army ships. I will see to it that you are well-situated. Roderigo I will see you in the morning. I promise not to drown myself, at least not while I’ve still got a chance with Desdemona. [Exit Roderigo.] Iago5 [Looking up.] Here she comes now. Why don’t you ask my Desdemona? [Desdemona confirms Othello’s story. She tells her very sad father that she can no longer live with him since she is now married to Othello. Brabantio is brokenhearted [Aside] I hate the Moor, even though most people—including him—think I am his best friend. Well, I’m pretty sure that he slept 5 Iago is speaking to the audience in this part. There are no other actors on stage. This is the audience’s chance to hear the innermost beliefs and thoughts of Iago. 4 Othello William Shakespeare with my wife, so I don’t feel any allegiances toward Othello anyway. He does think highly of me, though. If Cassio hadn’t gotten that promotion, then I would have been a shoo-in. If I want to be lieutenant, I’ve got to get Cassio out of the way. [Thinking of a plan.] I know that Cassio and Desdemona are very close. I think I can play with that relationship and make Othello think that they are lovers instead of just friends. Othello thinks I’m honest, so even though I’ll be lying about Desdemona sleeping with Cassio, Othello will believe me. I will lead him like I would lead a horse. [EXEUNT.] Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Act II Scene One: A Seaport in Cyprus [Othello and Cassio left for Cyprus the next morning in separate ships. As they sailed, a large storm brewed ahead of them. Cassio’s ship made it to Cyprus before the storm hit; Othello’s ship was delayed. Cassio fears that it has been lost. Meanwhile, another ship with Iago, Desdemona, and Emilia has arrived. Desdemona, like Cassio, is worried that Othello’s ship might have gone down in the storm. A messenger arrives and states that Othello’s ship has been spotted on the horizon. There is more news, too: the storm sank all the Turkish boats, so there will be no war. Desdemona is relieved that Othello is safe, and Cassio is giddy that the Turks were already defeated by Mother Nature. Cassio takes Desdemona’s hand and kisses it. He starts to whisper in her ear.] Iago [Speaking to himself.] Oh, Cassio has taken Desdemona by the hand? Now he’s whispering in her ear. I could use this against him. I can feel a plan forming now: I can get revenge against Cassio by stripping him of his lieutenancy, and I get also get back at Othello for passing me over by breaking up his marriage. And he continues to kiss her fingers! This will be too easy. [Aloud to everyone.] Here he comes! That was Othello’s trumpet! Desdem. Let’s go and meet him! I can’t wait to see my husband! Hurry up! [Othello runs into the scene. He stops when he sees Desdemona.] 5 Othello William Shakespeare Othello Oh, my fairest warrior! Desdem. My dear Othello! Othello My soul is now at rest. If I were to die right now, I would be happy, now that I have seen you again. I do not think I could bear another separation from you, darling. Desdem. May heaven bless our marriage and make our love only grow. I couldn’t bear to be apart from you, either. Othello Enough of this talk. Come here, sweetness. Let me stop your lips. [He kisses her.] [To everyone] Let us go to the castle. We never got a proper honeymoon, so let us go and celebrate! Scene TWO: A Hall in the Castle [Enter Othello, Desdemona, and Cassio. Othello is tired from his travels, but he desperately wants time with Desdemona since they haven’t had a real wedding night yet. He leaves Cassio in charge of the night watch and leaves with Desdemona to their chamber. Iago comes to Cassio with a few bottles of wine. He tries and fails to convince Cassio to drink. Cassio says that he’s on the job and can’t. A doorbell rings, and Cassio gets up to see who is at the door.] Iago [To Iago] Go fetch my bags from the boat. [To Desdemona] Come, my wife. We have much time to make up for. [EXEUNT all except Iago.] Iago Oh, you can celebrate now, Othello, but I will soon play you like a piano. That’s what you get for sleeping with my wife. I may not have the proof you did it, but a husband always knows. [He looks up to see Roderigo approaching.] I wonder what he wants? [Roderigo has disguised himself as a soldier. He has sold off most of his belongings and has given most of his money and jewels to Iago, who is supposed to give them to Desdemona as presents from a secret admirer. Roderigo is upset that Desdemona has not left Othello yet. Iago calms him down and tells him of the new plan: get Othello to believe that Desdemona is sleeping with Cassio. Roderigo, convinced that the new plan will work, leaves with Iago.] [EXEUNT.] Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [To himself.] If I can get this man to drink one drink, I know he’ll drink more after that. I know him—he’s a nasty drunk. It’ll be too easy to get him ready to fight. [Cassio re-enters with an important soldier named Montano, who is already tipsy. Together with Iago, Montano convinces Cassio to drink a toast to Othello’s new marriage. Cassio starts with one drink and finishes quickly. It is very easy for Iago to push more alcohol on Cassio. They continue drinking and telling jokes until Cassio starts to get argumentative. He insults Iago when he claims that he is more important that Iago is.] Cassio Iago, I’m sorry. That was out of line. *Hiccup* Oops, I’m supposed to be working. Iago, you weren’t supposed to let me get drunk! Is there any more wine? Iago You’ve consumed most of it. Cassio No matter. Let’s get back to work, but not until I relieve myself. [He stumbles as he gets up. The men laugh at him.] Do not think, gentlemen, that I am drunk. I know this is my left hand, and this is my right hand. I’m not drunk. *Hiccup* I 6 Othello William Shakespeare can stand up and speak well enough. You must not think that I am drunk. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Cassio You had better let go of me. This is not your fight, but it could be. [Cassio exits to find a bathroom.] Montano Come on, man. You’re drunk! Montano Cassio Drunk!? That’s it! Well, he’s a fun fellow! Seriously, though, let’s sober up and get to work. Iago Doesn’t it worry you that he’s so easily affected and controlled by wine? He’s clearly drunk! How can he do his job? Honestly, I don’t know why Othello puts faith in him. Montano Does he get this drunk very often? We should tell the general if this is the case. Iago Cassio is my friend; I don’t want to do him wrong, but I do wish he wouldn’t drink so much so often. [There is a loud noise in the hall. Two men are yelling at each other.] What is that noise? Roderigo [Cassio jerks out of Montano’s grip. Montano tries to grab his own sword, but Cassio is too quick. He slashes Montano across the abdomen. Montano yells loudly and falls to the ground. Servants run into the room and start yelling for help. Cassio stands still, stunned at what he has done. Roderigo manages to slip out without being seen. Moments later, Othello, wrapped in a sheet, storms into the room. He looks at Montano on the floor and sees Cassio with his sword drawn and bloody.] Othello What is the matter here? Montano I’ve been cut! I think I might die! [He faints. Servants go to tend to him.] Othello Nobody move. What happened here? Answer me! [From the hallway.] Help, help! [No one answers. Othello glares at everyone and then focuses on Iago.] Honest Iago, I know I can count on you for the truth. Who started this fight? [Roderigo runs into the room followed closely by Cassio, whose sword is drawn. Cassio looks deranged.] Cassio Come back here, you coward! Insult me again! Iago I do not know. Montano [Stepping in front of Cassio.] Lieutenant, what is the matter? Othello [Irritated, he turns to Cassio.] Michael, why is your sword drawn? Why are you so pale? Cassio How dare a common soldier insult me like that! I’ll beat him into a wine barrel! Cassio If I speak, I incriminate myself. Please pardon my silence. Roderigo [Hiding behind Montano.] Save me! He said he was going to kill me! Othello [Yelling, almost growling.] Someone must tell me how this happened! Montano is very important here is Cyprus! Whoever did this to him, even if it were my own brother, will be immediately punished! [Cassio reaches his sword around Montano and swipes at Roderigo. Montano grabs Cassio’s free hand.] Montano Lieutenant! You must stop! A soldier does not behave like this! [He turns again to Iago.] Who began this fight? 7 Othello Iago William Shakespeare I would rather have my tongue cut out of my mouth than bring blame upon Michael Cassio. If you must know, there was a ruckus in the hall. Cassio chased some rogue in here, and Montano got in the middle of their fight. He tried to calm Cassio down, but Cassio lashed out at him instead. for help since Othello will likely listen to anything his wife says. Cassio thanks him and leaves.] Iago [Iago lowers his head, acting sorry about the things he is saying about Cassio.] I hate to say this, sir. Cassio was in the wrong, but surely he didn’t mean it. He was under the influence. Othello Thank you for your honesty, but don’t try to make Cassio look better. He has brought this upon himself. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [To himself.] I can’t believe how easy this is! This fool is going to be found whispering secrets to Desdemona, who will then make every word out of her mouth about Cassio. Meanwhile, I’ll make sure Othello thinks she’s on Cassio’s side because he’s sleeping with her. The more she talks about Cassio, the angrier Othello will get. Jealousy is powerful. I will turn her bright virtue into darkness, and her own love of helping others will undo her. [EXEUNT.] [He turns to Cassio.] You may be a dear friend of mine, but you will never again be my officer. [Desdemona comes in, also wrapped in a sheet. She looks confused.] Look at this, Cassio! You even woke up my bride. I’m going to make an example of you. Desdem. Husband, what is the matter? Othello [His tone much softer.] All’s well now, sweetheart. Come away to bed. [To Iago.] See that this mess is cleaned up. [To Desdemona.] Come, wife. You will learn that it is part of a soldier’s life to be woken up in the middle of the night. [EXEUNT all but Iago and Cassio.] [Cassio falls to his knees and cries out like he is wounded. Iago, seizing an opportunity to further his plan, acts concerned about Cassio. It turns out that the only part of Cassio that is injured is his reputation. He begs Iago for help. Iago counsels him to ask Desdemona 8 Othello William Shakespeare Act III Iago Cassio! No, surely he would not skulk away so guilty-like from your wife. It must have been someone else. Othello No, it was Cassio. You think he looked guilty? Scene One: In Front of the Castle [Cassio has already met with Iago again. Iago promised that through his wife, Emilia, Cassio will be able to speak privately with Desdemona. This scene begins after Cassio has asked Desdemona for help.] Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [Before Iago can continue, Desdemona rushes over to the men.] Desdem. How are you, my husband? I have been talking with a suitor here, a man who is so miserable since he has fallen out of your favor. There he goes now. Please, Othello, call Cassio back and talk with him. Othello So that was him who went just now? Desdem. Your husband is so honest and faithful to his friends! Do not doubt, Cassio. You will be lieutenant again in no time! Yes, and he was so sad that he left part of his grief with me. I’m suffering with him. Please, call him back. Othello Not now, sweet Desdemona. Perhaps he can meet with me another time. Lovely lady, whatever becomes of me, I will always be your servant. Desdem. How soon? Emilia Desdemona, here comes Othello. Othello The sooner just for you. Cassio [Looks uneasy.] Madam, I can’t face him, not now. I’ll take my leave. Desdem. Shall we invite him to supper, then? Othello No, not tonight. Desdem. Tomorrow night for dinner, then? Othello No, I have to meet with my soldiers tomorrow night. Desdem. Well, then, three nights from now. You can’t put it off forever. He’s really sorry; you know that. Othello Fine, let him come when he’s ready. I can’t deny you anything. But leave me alone for a while. I have business to attend to. Desdem. That’s all I wanted to hear. Let me be on my way. Desdem. Cassio, of course I will help you. I’ll do everything in my power to make sure that your friendship with my husband and your position are restored. Emilia Yes, madam, do this. My husband has been complaining to me as if it were he whom Othello had demoted! Desdem. Cassio Desdem. No, stay and hear what I have to say to him! Cassio I just can’t. You didn’t see the way he looked at me last night. I must go. [Trying not to be seen, Cassio leaves. Iago points out Cassio leaving to Othello. They have a private conversation before joining their wives.] Iago Hmm, I don’t like the look of that. Othello The look of what? Hey, was that Cassio who was leaving my wife? 9 Othello William Shakespeare Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Othello You know it won’t be long until I come to you, wife. Othello You are always honest with me. For that, I am bound to you forever. Desdem. Whenever you like. I am an obedient wife. Iago I can see that my thoughts have upset you. [Exit Desdemona and Emilia.] Othello Not at all, not at all. Othello [Calling after Desdemona.] God help me, I love you! What a beautiful woman! Iago Come on. Cassio’s my friend, and yours, too. I can see that you’re upset about this. Iago [Changing the subject.] Sir, when you started your relationship with Desdemona, did Michael Cassio know about your love? Othello Why should I be? I think Desdemona’s perfectly honest. Iago Good for her! And good for you for thinking that. Othello He knew about it from first to last. Why? Iago Oh, no reason. I was just wondering. I didn’t think he knew her that well. Othello …And yet, I wonder about her. If she lied to her father… Othello Well, he did. He actually was the one who delivered our love letters. Brabantio would have had me arrested if I openly pursued his daughter. Do you think it’s bad that Cassio delivered my letters? I think he’s an honest man. What do you think of him? Iago Othello, sir, I am not in a position to tell you what to do, but don’t think about that. It will only consume you. Think on her better qualities. Othello [Visibly distracted now.] All right, Iago. Farewell for now. I’ll talk to you later about your thoughts. In the meantime, can you ask Emilia to keep her eye on Desdemona? Thank you. Leave me, now. Iago [Turning to go.] I take my leave, sir. Othello [Mostly to himself.] Why did I marry? She seems so honest, but Iago knows more than he is telling me. Iago [Turning back to Othello.] Othello, please do not think about this problem anymore. Leave it time. Cassio deserves his place as lieutenant, but you can keep him wondering for awhile as you observe your wife. Iago You know I love you as a friend. I guess I think Cassio’s an honest man. Othello Come on; tell me what you really think. Iago But I have no proof to support my own opinion. All I will say is this: watch your wife when Cassio is around. Othello Really? You think I should? Iago Remember, sir, she did deceive her father in marrying you. She pretended that she was afraid of you when her father was around, remember? She put up a false front against the one person she claimed to love the most; she could do it again. [Seeing Othello getting upset.] But really, sir, these are just my thoughts. Nothing more. [He pauses, thinks, then continues.] I would, however, take notice if you see him talking to Desdemona alone. I would also pay attention to how much she talks about him. Unless you see or hear something, 10 Othello William Shakespeare Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood though, don’t worry yourself about it. Think positively, sir. Emilia Oh, Iago, you should be glad to find me alone. I have something for you. Othello Don’t worry about what I’m thinking. Iago Iago Fine, sir. I take my leave. Oh yes? It’s a common thing that I could get any night from you. Emilia Don’t be crass. What would you give me if I told you I had Desdemona’s handkerchief? You know, the one you keep asking for? Iago [Very interested.] Have you stolen it from her? Emilia Oh, no! She dropped it on the ground. I simply took it up, and here it is. [She holds the handkerchief in front of her.] Iago That’s a good wench. Give it here. [He grabs for it.] Emilia [Snatching it out of his reach.] No, no, no… You have to tell me what you are going to do with it. Why have you been after it for so long? Iago [Grabs the handkerchief out of her hands.] Why, what’s it to you? Emilia Oh, please give it back. Desdemona will be so sad if she thinks she lost it! Iago I’ll return it soon enough. I want to have the pattern copied. Please, leave me. [Exit Iago.] Othello [Muttering to himself.] Iago has always been honest with me. I have no reason to doubt him. If I can prove she’s been unfaithful, I’d make it known to all and punish the woman. Oh, marriage is a curse! I can call the woman mine, but I can’t control what she hungers for. [Looks up.] Here she comes now. [Desdemona comes in and sees that Othello is distressed. He complains of a headache. She tries to soothe him by wrapping her handkerchief around his head, but he waves her off. The handkerchief falls to the floor, unnoticed. Desdemona convinces Othello to come to bed so she can take care of him. As she and Othello leave, Emilia comes in.] Emilia [Seeing the handkerchief, she scoops it up from the ground. It is white with embroidered strawberries. Emilia talks to herself.] I am so glad I have found this handkerchief! Desdemona would be so sad if she lost it. It was her first present from Othello. [Emilia starts after Desdemona, but then she stops.] Hmm… Iago has been pestering me to steal this handkerchief. Maybe I’ll let him know I have it before I give it back to my lady. [Enter Iago.] Iago Woman, what are you doing here alone? Are you not supposed to be working for Desdemona? [Emilia, looking sad and neglected, obediently leaves.] Iago [To himself.] This is perfect! I can “lose” this handkerchief in Cassio’s room, and then it will look incriminating! [Looks up and sees Othello coming. He stuffs the handkerchief into his shirt.] Hello, Othello! How goes it? [Othello is upset and yells at Iago. He has obviously been thinking more about the possibility that Desdemona is cheating on him. He forces Iago to tell 11 Othello William Shakespeare him more. Othello threatens to kill Iago if he cannot produce proof that Desdemona is cheating. Iago mentions that he saw Cassio with the handkerchief, and Othello accepts it as proof of the affair. Othello mentions the possibility of murdering both Cassio and Desdemona, but Iago stops him from talking about it. Othello, then and there, promotes Iago to lieutenant, although it’s not official until Othello does the paperwork and announces it to everyone.] Desdem. How are you, good Cassio? What’s the news with you? Cassio There is no news. Things are still as bad as they were before. Please, Desdemona, will you please try your hardest to make him hear my case? It kills me that Othello is still angry with me. Desdem. Cassio, I would talk to him, but I don’t know that he would listen to me right now. Iago Is Othello angry? Emilia He left just now. He seemed deeply disturbed. Iago I can’t believe he’s angry! I must go investigate. Desdem. Please do, Iago. Othello always listens to you. [EXEUNT.] Scene two: In Front of the Castle Later that Day [Emilia and Desdemona are sitting outside and discussing marriage when Othello storms in. Without saying hello, he demands to see the handkerchief. Desdemona cannot find it and lies that it is back in her closet. Othello demands that she go find it, but Desdemona changes the subject. She asks Othello about repromoting Cassio, who has been to see her again. Othello becomes more angry at the mention of Cassio’s name and storms off, still yelling about the handkerchief.] Emilia Desdem. Emilia What is wrong with him? He’s acting so jealous! I’ve never seen this side of him before. I can’t believe he was so angry about the handkerchief. I myself am really upset that it’s missing. Have you seen it? [Exit Iago, Desdemona, and Emilia. Cassio stays and is found by Bianca, his lover in Cyprus.] Bianca Hey there, Cassio. Where have you been? Cassio Ah, Bianca! How are you, lovely woman? I swear, I was just on my way to your house. Bianca And I was on my way to your house. [Sourly.] You haven’t been to see me in a week. Cassio Please excuse that, Bianca. I’ve been dealing with a lot, but I promise that I will be to your house soon. Here, I have a gift for you. [He pulls out Desdemona’s handkerchief.] How do you like this? Bianca [Takes it eagerly.] Oh, Cassio! It’s lovely! Wait, where did this come from? Does it belong to another woman? Cassio Oh, please. You’re getting jealous over nothing. [Nervously.] No, madam. [Looks up.] Lady, here comes my husband with Cassio. [Enter Iago and Cassio. Desdemona pretends that everything is all right.] Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood 12 Othello William Shakespeare Bianca Well, where did it come from, then? Cassio It’s as simple as this: I found it in my room. I don’t know whose it is, but it’s as lovely as you are, so it’s for you, Love. Bianca Well, then, I’ll accept it. See you at dinner tonight? Cassio Not soon enough. [EXEUNT.] Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Act IV Scene One: In Front of the Castle [Othello and Iago discuss whether or not the loss of the handkerchief makes Desdemona guilty of adultery. Othello again threatens to kill Iago if he cannot prove that she is unfaithful. Iago comes up with an idea and asks Othello to hide behind a wall. He fetches Cassio and questions him about Bianca but makes it seem like Cassio is talking about Desdemona.] Iago Cassio, how are you doing? Cassio I could be better. Othello is still mad at me. Iago Make sure you keep after Desdemona. [He lowers his voice to a whisper.] Now, if all you had to do was make Bianca happy instead of Othello, you’d be lieutenant just like that! Cassio [Laughs.] Yes, that poor, love-hungry woman. Iago [Speaking loudly now.] I never knew a woman who liked a man so much. Cassio True, true. I think she loves me. Iago She’s been telling people that she wants to marry you. Do you intend to? Cassio Please! I’m just a customer! Iago Really, though, I’ve heard that you wanted to marry her, too! Cassio She’s spreading that rumor by herself. She follows me everywhere. It’s borderline obsession! Every chance she gets, she’s hanging on me, even in front of the soldiers! I need to think about seeing someone else for their, um, services. 13 Othello Iago William Shakespeare [Looks up.] Well, have fun telling her. Here she comes, and she looks angry. [Enter Bianca.] Bianca I can’t believe I believed you! What were you thinking, giving me some other woman’s handkerchief! Here! [She throws the handkerchief in his face.] Take it and give it back to your whore. Cassio What, Bianca? What are you talking about? Bianca Don’t bother showing up for dinner tonight. Don’t come to my house at all unless you want to get a piece of my mind! [Exit Bianca.] Iago You best go after her, friend. Cassio I can make it up to her easily. See you, Iago. [Exit Cassio. Othello comes out from behind the wall. He is seething with anger.] Othello How shall I murder him, Iago? Iago Did you hear him laugh at his sins? Did you see the handkerchief? Othello Iago Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [There is a trumpet signaling the arrival of a boat from Venice. The duke has sent Lodovico, Desdemona’s cousin, to deliver a message to Othello. Lodovico enters with Desdemona, who has been looking for Othello. Lodovico hands a sealed envelope to Othello. He opens it and begins to read.] Iago Welcome, Signior Lodovico. Lodovico Thank you. How is Lieutenant Cassio? Desdem. Cousin, he and Othello are at odds presently, but perhaps you being here will make everything right. Lodovico Are they fighting? Desdem. There has been a misunderstanding. I hope that it can be resolved soon, for I love Cassio dearly. Othello Fire and brimstone! Desdem. Othello? Are you angry? [Othello does not reply. He is looking at the letter.] Lodovico Maybe the letter moved him. I believe the duke wants Othello to come home and leave Cassio in charge of Cyprus. Was that the one I gave to Desdemona? Othello Indeed. It was the same. You see how he treats her? She gave it to him, and he gave it to a prostitute. Desdem. Othello, isn’t that wonderful news? Now we can— Othello [Yells.] Devil! Othello I want to take a year to kill him. I want him to feel misery! Her, too! Iago Come now, you don’t need to kill Desdemona. Forget about that. Othello Let her rot and perish! Let it happen tonight, for I will not share my bed with her again! My heart is turned to stone. [Othello strikes Desdemona hard across her face.] Desdem. [Stunned.] Husband? I have not deserved this. Othello Your tears are false. Get out of my sight. Desdem. I will not stay if you want me to go. I am obedient. [She turns to leave.] Iago Strangle her in your bed, even the bed she has contaminated. Lodovico Othello, my lord, please call her back and apologize. Othello Yes, that is excellent. Othello Very well. Mistress? Desdem. [Turns back to Othello.] Yes, husband? 14 Othello William Shakespeare Othello [Speaks to Lodovico.] What would you say to a whore? Lodovico A whore, Othello? Othello Yes. A whore. How would you speak to a whore? Well? Go ahead. Here she is. [Desdemona turns and runs out. She is horribly embarrassed. Othello storms out in the opposite direction.] Lodovico [To Iago.] Is this the same man who our entire council decided was the right man to lead the army? Iago He is much changed. Lodovico Is he crazy? I can’t believe he struck his wife! I thought he was a better man than that. Roderigo You have wasted my time and my money! I sold everything I had to buy expensive presents for Desdemona, but I don’t think you gave her any of it! You’ve tricked me! Iago If you say so, fine. Roderigo No, not fine! I’m going to confront Desdemona and ask for my gifts back. If she can give them back, then you don’t have to worry about me; however, if she doesn’t have them, I will come looking for you, and I will get retribution. Iago There, I knew you had some courage in you! Let’s build on that passion. Yes, you’ve accused me of things I didn’t do, but I can look past that. I’ve been nothing but a friend to you, and I swear that I have not done you wrong. Roderigo I haven’t gotten Desdemona yet. Iago Yes, you’ve had to wait a long time for her, but if you can gather up your courage for one last effort, you will have her! Trust me, if you are not enjoying Desdemona in bed by tomorrow night, you can kill me! Roderigo Well, fine. What’s your plan? Iago Othello just received the message that he is to return home and leave Cassio in charge of Cyprus. Roderigo So Desdemona’s off to Venice, too? Iago No, Othello wants to travel to Africa first, unless he is delayed here. The only reason he would be delayed is if something awful happens to Cassio. Roderigo What do you mean, “something awful?” Iago We need to make him incapable of doing his job. Let’s knock out his brains. [EXEUNT.] Scene Two: A room inside the castle [Othello has cornered Emilia and questions her about Desdemona’s infidelities with Cassio. Emilia says that she knows nothing about it. Enraged, Othello sends Emilia to fetch Desdemona. He questions her without saying Cassio’s name, and she is confused. He calls her a whore, and she tells him that she shouldn’t be treated that way. Othello storms off. Emilia tries to comfort Desdemona, who has no idea what has suddenly changed in her husband. Iago enters the scene, and Desdemona begs for his help. Iago says that he will talk to Othello but cannot promise that Othello’s behavior will change. The women leave. Iago is joined by Roderigo, who is very angry with Iago.] Roderigo Iago Iago, I think you’ve been playing me. I’m not going to put up with you anymore. Don’t do anything rash. Hear me out! You’re taking things out of context. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood 15 Othello William Shakespeare Roderigo You want me to kill him? Iago Yes, if you are man enough to do it. Roderigo I’ll consider it, but you have to tell me the rest of the plan. Iago [EXEUNT.] Walk with me. There is much to consider. Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Act V Scene One: Out in the Street [Iago and Roderigo are walking down a very dark street. There are no streetlights, and it is almost pitch black. They are nearing Bianca’s house, where Cassio has been all night.] Iago Roderigo, stand inside this doorway. He’ll come straight down this road. Have your sword ready, and hit him where I showed you. Fear nothing. I’ll be right next to you. You must be strong, or else we will fail. Roderigo Please be near to me. I don’t know if I can do it. Iago Be a man. [Iago moves to the next dark doorway and speaks to himself.] Roderigo is a wild card. I may have pushed him too much. Oh well, it doesn’t matter if he kills Cassio or if Cassio kills him. Either way works a little, although if Roderigo lives, I owe him a lot of money. If Cassio lives, Othello may discover that I’ve been lying about Cassio and Desdemona. Hmm. Cassio must die. Here he comes! [Enter Cassio.] Roderigo [Jumping out from the doorway.] Cassio, prepare to die! [He swings and misses.] Cassio What on earth? Who are you? You’ll pay for that! [He draws his own sword and stabs Roderigo in the abdomen.] Roderigo Oh, God! I think I’m dying! [He falls to the ground.] [As Cassio comes closer to Roderigo on the ground, Iago darts out of his hiding place and slashes Cassio across the back of his leg. Iago runs off. Cassio drops 16 Othello William Shakespeare immediately and does not see who cut him. It is a very serious wound.] Cassio Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Cassio Oh, my God! I may never walk again! Villain, where are you? Come back and show your face! One of them got away, but the other one I hit pretty seriously. He’s around here somewhere. Roderigo [There is no answer. Cassio begins yelling for help at the top of his lungs.] Help! Murderers in the street! Help me! [He has been falling in and out of consciousness. For the moment, he is conscious.] Here, help me! Cassio Iago, that’s one of them. I recognize his voice. Iago Then you shall be avenged. [Lodovico and a man named Gratiano have been out patrolling the streets. They rush into the scene when they hear Cassio’s calls for help. It is so dark that they cannot see either Cassio or Roderigo.] Lodovico Who’s there? Where are you? Roderigo Help me over here! I think I’m bleeding to death! [Lodovico and Gratiano fumble around in the dark. Both Cassio and Roderigo continue calling for help. Iago returns to the scene with a lantern, trying to look like he just arrived.] Gratiano Hey, you with the lantern! Who are you? Iago Who’s over there? Did someone say there was a murder? Lodovico We do not know. Iago Didn’t you hear someone yelling? Cassio [Recognizing Iago’s voice.] Iago! Thank God, Iago! Over here! For heaven’s sake, help me! Iago [Pretends not to recognize Cassio’s voice.] Who’s that? Where are you? Cassio Iago, it’s me, Cassio! I’ve been attacked by two villains. Please, give me some help. Iago [Finds his way over to Cassio.] Oh, Lieutenant! Who has done this to you? [He leaves the lantern with Cassio and goes to where he knows Roderigo is. He pulls out his own sword.] Die, villain! Roderigo [Feeling Iago’s blade stab his chest, he whispers.] God damn you, Iago. You inhuman dog. [He dies.] Iago [Turning to find the other men.] Lodovico? Look to the lantern. It’s Cassio who is hurt. [He makes his way back to Cassio and speaks to him.] Brother, how are you? Cassio My leg is cut in two, I think. Iago Heaven forbid! [Shouting] Gentlemen, get more lights! I need to bind his leg. [Enter Bianca, who has heard the shouting from her house. She carries her own lantern.] Bianca What’s going on out here? Who’s yelling? [She makes her way to where Cassio lies on the ground. She sees him and drops on her knees. She doesn’t notice Iago standing there.] Oh, my sweet Cassio! Cassio! Cassio, are you all right? Cassio! He’s unconscious! Someone help him! Iago [Speaking to Lodovico and Gratiano.] You see this, gentlemen? I think she’s going on 17 Othello William Shakespeare Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood too much. Maybe she had something to do with this attempted murder. Othello [Refusing to look in her eyes.] Have you said your prayers tonight? Bianca [Noticing Iago for the first time.] I swear it, no! I love this man! Desdem. Iago And who is your accomplice? Let’s take a look. [Looks alarmed. She has been afraid of Othello since he hit her.] What do you mean by that, Othello? Othello I can’t kill you until I’m sure your soul is prepared. Desdem. [Surprisingly calm.] You speak of killing? Then heaven have mercy on me. Othello Amen. Desdem. [Realizing he interpreted what she said as a prayer.] Please, don’t kill me! You’re scaring me! Your eyes are fearsome! I am guilty of nothing! What is the matter? Othello The handkerchief that I gave to you: you gave it to Cassio. Desdem. No, by my soul! Send for Cassio, and he will tell you the truth! Do you suspect me of sleeping with him? He’s like a brother to me! I never gave him your handkerchief! Call him up here! Othello I saw him with it. You damned woman, you stole my heart and then turned it to stone. I’m about to do you a favor by killing you after allowing you to say your prayers. Desdem. I never gave Cassio anything! Bring him here! He will support me! Othello He already confessed that he slept with you. Desdem. What? Why would he do that! It’s an untruth! Othello And he can’t say anything else. Iago has orders to kill Cassio. It should be done by now. [He crosses over to where Roderigo’s body lies. He pretends to be shocked and gasps loudly.] I know this man! This is Roderigo of Venice! He was a friend of mine! [Iago, Lodovico, and Gratiano gang up on Bianca and accuse her of hiring Roderigo to murder Cassio. She protests her innocence. Gratiano grabs Bianca and leads her back to the castle. Lodovico helps Cassio to walk. Iago hangs back for a minute before running to help with Cassio.] Iago [Muttering to himself.] This is the night that either makes me or breaks me. [EXEUNT.] Scene TWo: Othello and Desdemona’s Bedroom [Othello enters the bedroom and looks at Desdemona, who is asleep on their bed. She is wearing the nightgown she wore on their wedding night. It is obvious that she has tried to make herself as attractive as possible in order to appease Othello. He sits on the bed next to her and debates about following through with her murder. He loves his wife, but her offense is too great. He resolves to kill her. Her beauty is too much for him, though. He leans down to kiss her, and she wakes.] Desdem. Othello? Come to bed. 18 Othello Desdem. William Shakespeare Is he dead already? Then God help me. There is no one to help me! [She begins to weep.] Othello You are crying for him? You whore! Desdem. [Begging] Let me live! I can defend myself in the morning! Let me find someone to prove my innocence! Othello It is too late. [He puts his hands around her neck and strangles her. After she has stopped moving, he takes his hands from her neck and stares at them for a long time. He realizes that he has killed her. lady, speak! [She falls on the bed next to Desdemona and crawls over to her.] Desdem. [Whispers.] I die a guiltless death. Emilia [Stroking Desdemona’s hair.] Who killed you? Desdem. No one. I killed myself. Pray for my soul. Farewell! [She dies.] Othello I killed her. She was cheating on me. She was as false as the devil. Cassio slept with her. Just ask your husband—he knew everything. Emilia [She jerks up at the mention of Iago. She scrambles off the bed and faces Othello.] My husband knew about this? Othello He was the one who told me about it. You know how honest he is. Your honest husband told me all. Emilia If he was the one who told you that loathsome lie, may he rot in hell! He told you lies! Poor Desdemona loved you too much. There is a knock at the door. Othello hears Emilia’s voice. He takes a long time to come to the door.] Othello [Opening the door, he motions for Emilia to enter. He has drawn the curtains around the bed so Desdemona’s body is obscured.] Come in, Emilia. What’s the matter? Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Emilia Sir, I bring news. A man named Roderigo attempted to kill Cassio, and Roderigo is dead. Othello So, Roderigo is dead? And Cassio is dead? Emilia No, I didn’t say that. Cassio is not killed. Othello He’s not? Something is wrong. My revenge is out of tune. [She goes to the bedroom door, throws it open, and calls for help. Othello does not stop her. He is silent.] Help, guards! The Moor has killed my mistress! Murder! Murder! Desdem. [She is not quite dead.6 She whispers, barely audible.] Falsely murdered. I have been falsely murdered. [Enter Montano, Gratiano, and Iago. They have delivered Cassio to the castle doctor and were already on their way to see Othello.] Emilia [Ignoring Othello’s weird comment about Cassio, she rushes to the bed and throws back the curtains.] What was that noise? Oh, my God. Sweet Desdemona! Oh, sweet Emilia [Staring daggers at her husband.] You dare show your face here, husband? You should feel really good about yourself since men must lay their murders on your back. Gratiano What is the matter? 6 Shakespeare never lets a character die without letting him or her have a final word. Desdemona, who appears to have been dead already, is about to have hers. 19 Othello Emilia William Shakespeare [Still speaking to Iago.] Speak up if you’re man enough. Othello tells me that you told him Desdemona cheated. Tell me this is false. Tell me you are not such an evil man! Iago [Refusing to look at Emilia.] I did what you say. Emilia You are an odious liar! You wicked man! That she was cheating, with Cassio? Iago Yes, with Cassio. Emilia [Shouting now.] I will not charm my tongue! I am bound to speak! My mistress had no one to speak for her! She lies murdered in her bed, and you are to blame! You villain! Iago [Grabs Emilia’s arm and growls at her.] Get you home. You are obviously sick in the head. Emilia [Jerking out of his grasp, she again addresses the other men.] Gentlemen, do not allow him to send me away. I must speak. [Speaking directly to Iago.] And I will never go home to you again. Othello Emilia Iago [He has been silently watching this exchange. He sits/falls on the bed and yells.] Oh, she was a foul creature! Iago knows that she shamed my marriage bed a thousand times with Cassio! He confessed! He even had the handkerchief that I had given to Desdemona! [Her jaw drops.] Did you speak of the handkerchief? [Grabs her again and whispers venomously in her ear.] Be wise. Get you home. [Manages to escape his grip again.] I will not. I will speak! [Iago draws a dagger from his belt and tries to stab Emilia. She dodges, and Lodovico and Gratiano grab Iago. They hold his arms while she speaks to Othello.] Othello, you have been fooled. That handkerchief that you speak of: I found it after Desdemona dropped it. I should have given it right back to her, but my husband—your friend—had begged me to steal it a hundred times. She didn’t give it to Cassio. I gave it to my husband, and he set you up. [Whispers with clenched teeth.] You had best stop. Charm your tongue. Emilia Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood Iago [Struggling against Lodovico and Gratiano.] You lying whore! Emilia [Looks directly at Iago. She is stronger than he thought she was.] I do not lie, gentlemen. Othello [Almost a whisper.] Iago, my best friend, you’ve tricked me? [There is a skirmish. Othello runs at Iago, who twists out of Lodovico and Gratiano’s grasp. Iago grabs his dagger from the ground and drives it into Emilia’s chest. He runs out of the room, chased by Gratiano. Emilia falls on the bed next to Desdemona and dies. Othello runs to a dresser and opens a drawer. He pulls out a dagger and holds it to his own throat. Gratiano reenters the room with Iago, who has been bound with rope. Cassio enters, too, limping. Gratiano steers Iago toward Othello and forces him to turn his head toward Othello’s eyes. Iago refuses to look.] Othello I can’t look this man in the eyes, either. He is a devil. [Instead of killing himself, he stabs Iago in the abdomen. Lodovico takes the weapon away from Othello.] Iago [Finally looking at Othello.] I bleed sir, but this is not a fatal wound. 20 Othello William Shakespeare Othello I didn’t mean to kill you. Dying, to me, would be happiness. I want you to suffer. Gratiano [Holding Iago gruffly.] This man has partially confessed his villainy. Is it true, Othello, that you conspired to kill Cassio? Othello [Sighs and looks at Cassio.] Yes, it’s true. Cassio Sir, I never gave you cause. Othello I believe you, and I beg your forgiveness. Will you ask Iago why he betrayed me? Iago You can ask me nothing. From this time forth, I will never speak a word. [He falls silent.] Othello Cassio, how did you come to have the handkerchief? Cassio I found it in my room. I heard Iago tell Gratiano that he put it in my room. Lodovico [Speaking authoritatively to Othello.] Sir, you are hereby stripped of your title. You must leave this room and come to the dungeon. Cassio will take your spot as general. Lodovico Remixed by Sarah Lovinggood [Enraged, he drags Iago over to the bed and makes him look at the bodies of Desdemona, Othello, and Emilia.] You dog, look on the tragic loading of this bed. This is your own work. Your poisonous tongue did all of this. [Soldiers enter the room. He speaks to them.] Let this room be sealed until the bodies can be buried. This sight is too heartbreaking. [EXEUNT.] [FIN7.] [Speaking to Gratiano.] Get some soldiers and take him away. Othello [Walks over to the bed and sits down next to Desdemona’s body. He speaks to his dead wife.] Darling, I kissed you before I killed you. Now I too will die upon a kiss. [Othello leans down and kisses Desdemona. As he sits back up, he pulls a hidden dagger from his boot. He stabs himself in the heart and falls on the bed next to Desdemona. He dies instantly.] Cassio I feared that he might kill himself, but I didn’t think he had a weapon. 7 Fin means “the end” in French. 21