-
e question or
it forms a(n)
on.
tral ion.
Interactive Textbook with
assessment at PHSchool.com
(~-""r.!t:-'.•)
~
11. What is a stable electron configuration?
~
If your class subscribes
to the Interactive Textbook, your students can go online to access an interactive version of the Student Edition
and a self-test.
12. What does each dot in an electron dot
diagram represent?
"Reviewing Content
13. What process changes atoms into ions?
14. What keeps the ions in their fixed positions
within a crystal lattice?
15. What are subscripts used for in chemical formulas?
configuration?
and Ar "
and Ar
_. atoms share
: bond.
snt bond.
i
: oair of
3(n)
16. Explain why a melted ionic compound
~
is a good
conductor of electric current, but a solid ionic
compound is a poor conductor of electric current.
17. What distinguishes
covalent bonds?
single, double, and triple
18. Explain why the covalent bonds in molecules of -Il;\.{
elements are always nonpolar.
-5/i-vW
19. Explain why, in a covalent bond between oxygen
and hydrogen, the hydrogen atom has a partial
positive charge and the oxygen atom has a
partial negative charge.
,,'C1mbromide is
::2·
20. What is the name of the binary compound
formed from potassium and iodine?
.3~.
21. Write the formulas for the compounds called
copper(l) chloride and copper(lI) chloride.
5:Cl4 is
:- chlorine.
: - tetrachloride.
22. Name the compounds represented
filling models labeled A, B, and C.
by the space-
-=-::alesis
-:-e best
: ~,t compound
stal element
+
Assessment
..
::: Sulfur
• Oxygen
• Carbon
23. In general, what determines
metallic bonds?
0 Nitrogen
the strength
of
24. What properties of copper and tin change when
these metals are mixed together to form bronze?
25. What advantage of magnesium is retained in
magnesium alloys? What disadvantage is reduced?
Chemical Bonds
187
1. b
4. d
7. d
10. a
roons
-- -16,26,30,33
3. 7-19,27,34-35,39-40,42
::-22, 28-29, 31-32, 36-38
: 2.3-25, 41
8. b
3. a
6. b
9. c
·'Understanding Concepts
11. In a stable electron configuration,
the highest occupied energy level is
filled with electrons.
12. Each dot represents a valence
electron.
13. The transfer of electrons
14. Attractions between n~eighboring
cations and anions keep the ions in fixed
positions within the lattice.
15. A subscript is used to show the
number of atoms of an element in a
molecule or the ratio of ions in a crystal
lattice .
16. When an ionic compound melts,
ions can move away from their fixed
locations in the crystal lattice.
17. Two atoms share two electrons in a
single bond, four in a double bond, and
six in a triple bond.
18. The covalent bonds in molecules
of elements are always nonpolar
because the atoms have the same
attraction for electrons.
19. The oxygen atom has a greater
attraction for electrons than the
hydrogen atom does.
20. Potassium iodide
21. CuCI and CUCI2
22. A is sulfur trioxide, B is carbon
monoxide, and C is nitrogen dioxide
23. In general, the more valence
electrons a metal has, the stronger
the metal bonds are.
A mixture of copper and tin is
harder and stronger than either metal
in its pure form.
25. The advantage that is retained is
that magnesium is a lightweight metal.
The disadvantage that is reduced is that
magnesium is a soft metal.
24.
tide
2. c
5. c
As s
e
t
(continued)
26. All three have the same electron
configuration.
27. Molecules and polyatomic ions both
contain covalent bonds.
28. Sulfur trioxide: polar covalent
bonds; calcium oxide: ionic bonds;
iodine: nonpolar covalent bonds
29. Sulfur dichloride, silver(1) sulfate,
lithium fluoride, carbon disulfide,
calcium hydroxide
30. Q is a metal. X and Z are nonmetals.
31. QX and Q2Z
32. Cr2Z3
33.:·F: i .F':
34. Nonpolar covalent bond
35.8
36. The ratio is two to one anions to
cations.
37. BaF2, Na20, FeS04, and (NH4)zS04
26. Classifying What does a fluoride ion have in
common with a neon atom and a sodium ion?
27. Comparing and Contrasting How are
molecules and polyatomic ions similar?
28. Classifying Classifythe bonds in each of these
compounds as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar
covalent: S03, CaO, and 12.
29. Applying Concepts Write the names for the
compounds with these chemical formulas: SCI2,
Ag2S04, LiF,CS2, and Ca(OHh.
Use these diagrams ta answer Questions 30-34.
m
e
m
G
!
i :X
c
""
I
[!J
Q0 !
.0
1
o
Z"
•• 0
30. Using Models Which of the three elements are
metals and which are nonmetals?
31. Applying Concepts Element Q forms
compounds with element X and with element Z.
Write the formulas for these two compounds.
38. The correct formula is B.
39. Molecules of carbon dioxide are
nonpolar. Molecules of water are polar.
The attractive forces are much greater
between polar molecules than between
nonpolar molecules.
40. The carbonate ion is a polyatomic
ion, which contains covalent bonds.
41. Phosphorus has five valence electrons
compared to four valence electrons in
silicon. The extra electrons are not needed
to bond the atoms together and are free
to move and carry the current.
42. Ideally, students should note that in
both cases the electron will be sharing
space with a second electron in orbitals
that overlap. In the bond between
hydrogen atoms, the electron will be
equally attracted to both nuclei. In the
bond between hydrogen and oxygen,
the electron will have a greater
attraction to the oxygen nucleus.
Your students can independently
test their knowledge of the chapter
and print out their test results for
your files.
188 Chapter 6
32. Calculating What would the formula be for a
compound containing chromium(1I1)ions and
ions of element Z?
38. Using Models A solution of h
(H202) and water is sometimes
a cut. Which of the following fc
correct structural formula for h:,
tl1
I
j
o
'H-H
H
"0-0
"0
"H
39. Relating Cause and Effect :
beverage, the main ingredients
carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide
when the bottle is opened. Wr,:
but carbon dioxide a gas at roo:
40. Classifying The shells shown:
contain the compound calcium
(CaC03)' Explainhow this corn
contain both ionic and covalent
41. Relating Cause and Effect
some phosphorus to silicon rnaconductor of electric current?
42. Writing in Science Compare
the valence electron in a hydro;
the atom bonds with another h'.
and when the atom bonds witt
33. Applying Concepts Draw an electron dot
structure for a compound of fluorine and Z.
34. Predicting Ifan atom of X reacts with an atom
of X, what kind of bond forms?
35. Calculating What is the total number of shared
electrons in a carbon dioxide molecule?
36. Making Generalizations
What is the ratio of
anions to cations in a compound formed by a
Group 2A metal and a Group 7A nonmetal?
37. Applying Concepts Write the formulas for
barium fluoride, sodium oxide, iron(lI) sulfate,
and ammonium sulfate.
188
Chapter6
The ad could include properties of bronze, such
as hardness and durability. The ad should stress
the sound produced by a bronze bell. (Have
examples of ads in a local directory of businesses
for students to look at. Students may want to
research the cost of a quarter-page ad in the
directory.)
Designing an Advertisement Yc
that sells bronze bells. Design a qua:
your store to be published in your to
businesses. Write copy for your ad. _
photograph to use in the ad. Also 5L
showing how you want the copy an:
photograph to be laid out on the pa,
rGo . nline
",. PHSchooJ.com
assessment
PHSchool.com
For: Self-qradinq
Visit:
Web Code: cca-l Oeu
Standardized Test Prep
-dlzed Test Prep
1. B
2. B
3.0
4. C
5. A
6. E
7.0
Use the table to answer Questions 4 and 5.
sstion
:l the
nrect
III the
, correver,
'OS for
ula
~~~,,:~;RSaJna;16~~r!dfTi\ejr~Symb~ist
..'f"'~;
Ion Name
Copper(l)
i Ion Symbol I Ion Name
1
Cu+
I Nitrate
!
Copper(II)!-i----Cu2+
____
Iron(lI)
I
Fe2+
Iron(1I1)
I
H
Fe
! Sulfate
I
Carbonate
!
; Ion Symbol
I
!
N03-
j
S042-
!
C032-
i
!
Phosphate!
P043-
4. What is the formula for copper(lI) nitrate?
(A) CuN03
(B) CU2(N03)z
(C) CU(N03h
(D) CU2N03
(E) CuN02
lr
5. In the compound iron(lI) carbonate, the ratio of
iron(lI) ions to carbonate ions will be
(A) one to one.
(B) two to one.
(C) three to one.
(D) one to two.
(E) one to three.
6. All steels contain
(A) copper and zinc.
(B) copper and tin.
(C) iron and chromium.
(D) chromium and carbon.
(E) iron and carbon.
7. What is the reason that water has a higher
boiling point than expected?
(A) Attractions among nonpolar water
molecules are strong.
(B) Water molecules have a linear shape.
(C) Water molecules are not very massive.
(D) There are strong attractions among polar
water molecules.
(E) There are "no attractions among
water molecules.
Chemical Bonds
189