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Presidents v. Congress: Reconstruction
Reconstruction: The rebuilding of the Union after the Civil War until 1877. Both President Lincoln and Johnson favored a
lenient approach, while Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens) argued that the South should be punished.
Lincoln And Johnson's Plans for Reconstruction
Radical Republicans' Plans
"With malice toward none, with charity for all"
Lincoln
"Congress alone can do it... Congress must create states and
declare whether they are to be represented." -- Thadeus Stevens
Both Lincoln and Johnson supported lenient plans
for Reconstruction.
Believed the South should be punished for starting the war and
hoped to protect the rights of Freedmen (former slaves).
10% Plan (Lincoln): Once ten percent of a southern Extended the Freedmen's Bureau (Over Johnson's Veto) to
state's 1860 voters had taken an oath of loyalty, the provide food, clothing, shelter, and education to freedmen and
state could rejoin the Union.
war refugees.
Both Lincoln and Johnson provided for a generous
amnesty to allow Southerners to retain their
property and reacquire their political rights.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Passed over Johnson's Veto) designed to
grant freedmen full legal equality, undercutting the Black Codes
Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Passed over Johnson's Veto)
Johnson supported the 13th Amendment that
abolished slavery but was reluctant to support Black
suffrage believing this was an issue for states.
Divided the South into 5 districts and placed them under
military rule (disbanded governments readmitted under
Lincoln/Johnson plans
Required Southern States to ratify the 14th Amendment
Guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in conventions to
write new state constitutions
15th Amendment
Failures under Lincoln and Johnson:
Black Codes: Many states passed laws restricting
the rights of freedmen
Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment: Abolished Slavery
14th Amendment:
Little attempt was made to address the economic
hardships facing freedmen
Southern States admitted under Lincoln/Johnson
plan refused to ratify 14th Amendment
These failures contributed to growing support for
Radical Republicans
Declared all person "born or naturalized in the United
States" to be citizens.
Required "Equal Protection of the Laws"
Citizens cannot be denied life, liberty, or property without
due process of law.
Reduced the representation in Congress of states that did
not grant Black Suffrage
Banned Confederate officials from taking office
Forbade the repayment of confederate War Debt
15th Amendment: The right to vote shall not be denied on the
basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
Key Questions:
1. Using the information above as well as the textbook (pgs.201 – 203) fill in the Venn Diagram: How did the Lincoln’s
Reconstruction plan specifically differ from Johnson’s Plan?
Johnson
Lincoln
2. Provide 3 examples of how Republican Reconstruction differs from Presidential Reconstruction.
3. Summarize in your own words the effects of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
4. Using any information gathered list two successes or failure of Reconstruction.
1.
2.