BLM 2-44 continued
Meiosis II
Prophase II x nucleolus disappears x nuclear membrane disappears x spindle fibres form x individual chromosomes attach to spindle fibres
Metaphase II x X-shaped chromosomes form a single line at the
equator
Anaphase II x spindle fibres contract and shorten x the centromere pulls apart and the sister chromatids
separate and are pulled to opposite poles by the
spindle
Telophase II x half of a complete set of chromosomes is now at
each pole of the cell (one chromosome for each pair) x the spindle fibres disappear x the nucleolus appears within each nucleus x the nuclear membrane forms
Cytokinesis x cell divides in two (total four daughter cells not
genetically identical to parent) x cell will grow and make proteins like interphase in
mitosis
Mitosis
Prophase (early and late) x nucleolus disappears x nuclear membrane disappears x spindle fibres form x individual chromosomes attach to spindle fibres
Metaphase x X-shaped chromosomes form a single line at the
equator
Anaphase x spindle fibres contract and shorten x the centromere pulls apart, and the sister
chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite
poles by the spindle
Telophase x one complete set of chromosomes is now at each
pole of the cell x the spindle fibres disappear x the nucleolus appears within each nucleus x the nuclear membrane forms
Cytokinesis x cell divides in two (genetically identical to parent) x cell will grow and make proteins like interphase in
mitosis
BLM 2-31, Compare the Results of Meiosis and Mitosis
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
1. Type of cell undergoing reproduction
2. Number of chromosomes before cell begins to divide gamete
4
Meiosis Mitosis body cell
4
2 3. Number of chromosome pairs in original cell
4. Final number of chromosomes in each new cell at the end
of division
2
2
4
5. Chromosome pairs in each new cell at end of division none
2
6. In mitosis, chromosomes are not paired, but they do line up along the cell centre. In meiosis, chromosomes first
line up and then become arranged along the cell centre.
7. The locations are the same, but in meiosis, in each pair of sister chromatids, the original and copy are still
attached to each other.
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BLM 2-44 continued
8. Mitosis produces two cells identical to the original one. Meiosis produces four cells, each with half the
chromosomes of the original one.
9. The resulting organism would have twice the normal number of chromosomes.
BLM 2-32, Mitosis and Meiosis
1. D
2. F
3. A
4. E
5. C
6. B
7. G
8. Student answers should include the following points. x Mitosis produces diploid cells, or body cells. x Meiosis produces haploid cells, or gametes.
BLM 2-33, Gamete Summary
1.
Has a tail
Has 23 chromosomes
Involved in fertilization
Formed in testes
Contains cytoplasm
Motile
Trait
Produced by meiosis
Sperm Cell
9
9
9
Egg Cell
Both Sperm Cells and Egg Cells
9
9
9
9
Formed in ovaries
Has a food reserve
9
9
Forms a zygote 9
2. A zygote is produced by the union of sperm and egg; the sperm fertilizes the egg.
BLM 2-36, Cell Reproduction
1. False. Gametes have half as many chromosomes as body cells.
2. T
3. T
4. False. Gametes are formed during meiosis.
5. T
6. T
7. False. There is one cell division during mitosis.
8. False. During sperm cell production, four haploid sperm cells are produced.
9. T
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BLM 2-44 continued
BLM 2-38, Chapter 6 Quiz
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. D
12. E
13. F
14. A
15. B
16. C
17. Variation is produced through independent assortment and crossing over in meiosis and the meeting of egg
and sperm in fertilization.
18. Sexual reproduction by internal fertilization provides advantages since there is more protection for embryos
and more parental care of offspring, and offspring are genetically different.
19. Answers should include: Some infertile couples are able to have a child. Couples can select embryos to exclude
embryos with genetic defects. Parents trying to help cure a sick child can screen and select embryos for tissue
matches. Extra embryos can be made available for stem cell research.
BLM 2-39, Unit 2 Test
9. B
10. D
11. E
12. F
13. H
14. I
15. B
16. J
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. B
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. G
21. The nucleus contains the genes that store the information to make proteins, and proteins have many different
functions within the cell such as to function as enzymes and hormones.
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This page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher.