GEOL 108 - Crises of a Planet
Lab 11 - Air Pollution
Nov. 13 - 16, 2012
Department of Earth Sciences
QUIZ 9 REVIEW
Label the wells in the figure below with the appropriate le3er, using each le3er once. Draw a dashed line represen9ng a possible poten9ometric surface.
REVIEW | 2
Department of Earth Sciences
QUIZ 9 REVIEW
In last week’s demonstra9on, in what direc9on did groundwater flow in the groundwater model (the ant farm up front).
REVIEW | 3
Department of Earth Sciences
QUIZ 9 REVIEW
Extreme ground subsidence has occurred in the San Joaquin Valley, California, causing the land surface to drop up to 30 feet in eleva9on. How might this occur by over pumping of the aquifer? Bonus: The geologist president
REVIEW | 4
Department of Earth Sciences
LAB 11 - AIR POLLUTION
+ = AIR POLLUTION | 5
Department of Earth Sciences
AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORY
•  St. Louis -­‐ 1939 AIR POLLUTION | 6
Department of Earth Sciences
AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORY
•  London -­‐ 1952 •  6-­‐12,000 killed AIR POLLUTION | 7
Department of Earth Sciences
AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORY
•  Beijing Olympics 2008 AIR POLLUTION | 8
Department of Earth Sciences
AIR POLLUTION AROUND THE WORLD
•  NO2 around the world •  Leads to produc9on of ozone in the lower atmosphere AIR POLLUTION | 9
Department of Earth Sciences
PARTICULATE MATTER
•  Tiny bits of solid or liquid suspended in a gas •  Linked to asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, birth defects. •  PM10 refers to par9cles less than 10 microns (1 x 10-­‐5 meters) •  The smallest par9cles can pass through cell membranes AIR POLLUTION | 10
Department of Earth Sciences
POLLUTION COMPOSITION
AIR POLLUTION | 11
Department of Earth Sciences
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Compressed Natural Gas Compared to diesel buses, reduces emissions of par9culates by 90%, carbon monoxide by 80%, and greenhouse gases by 20% AIR POLLUTION | 12
Department of Earth Sciences
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Hydrogen Car emits only water vapor, but the most common source for hydrogen is natural gas, which releases greenhouse gases during produc9on. Addi9onal challenges with building infrastructure. Exis9ng hydrogen fueling sta9ons in LA AIR POLLUTION | 13
Department of Earth Sciences
AIR POLLUTION IN LOS ANGELES
•  Geography and climate of LA enhances smog effect −  Though air temperature usually decreases with eleva9on in the troposphere, this is not the case in Los Angeles −  Layer of warm air above city prevents normal circula9on −  Typically sunny days ini9ates reac9ons that create smog h3p://rustylopez.typepad.com/imagoar9culus/2007/02/inversion_layer.html Ri3er, Michael E. The Physical Environment: an Introduc9on to Physical Geography. AIR POLLUTION | 14
Department of Earth Sciences