Protecting Canada’s Nuclear Industry THE
EVOLUTION OF NUCLEAR SECURITY AND
ARMED RESPONSE FORCES AT
DESIGNATED NUCLEAR FACILITIES
Mr. Terry Jamieson
Vice-President – Technical Support Branch
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
2012 International Regulators Conference on Nuclear Security
Washington, DC
Dec 05, 2012
Nuclear Security
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission’s (CNSC) Mission
Canada’s Nuclear Security Challenge
Pre and Post September 11, 2001
Establishment of a Design Basis Threat (DBT)
CNSC Emergency Order 01-1
Armed On-site Response Requirements
Introduction of Performance Testing Program
Canadian Adversary Testing Team (CATT)
Way Ahead
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
2012 International Regulators Conference on Nuclear Security 2012.12.05 - 2
CNSC Mission
To regulate the use of nuclear
energy and materials so that the
health, safety and security of
Canadians and the environment
are protected, and to implement
Canada’s international
commitments on the peaceful use
of nuclear energy
Canada’s nuclear watchdog
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Independent Commission
Quasi-judicial administrative tribunal
Reports to Parliament through Minister of Natural Resources Canada
Commission hearings are public and Webcast
Decision can only be reviewed by Federal Court
Transparent, science-based decision-making
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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CNSC Staff Located Across Canada
HQ in Ottawa
5 site offices at power reactors
1 site office at Chalk River
4 regional offices
Staff: ~ 840
Calgary, Western
Regional Office
Saskatoon, Uranium Mines
and Mills Division
Regional Office
Resources: $161.5 m
(70% cost-recovered)
Point
Lepreau
Licensees: 2,500
Total Licences: 3,300
Gentilly-2
Chalk River
Bruce A & B
HQ
Laval Eastern
Regional Office
Darlington
Pickering A & B
Mississauga Southern
Regional Office
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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CNSC Regulates All Nuclear-Related Facilities
and Activities
Uranium fabricators and processing
Nuclear power plants
Radioactive waste management facilities
Nuclear substance processing
Industrial and medical applications
Nuclear research and educational
Export/import control
Mines and mills
Uranium fuel
From cradle to grave
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Threat to Canadian Nuclear Industry
Pre-September 11, 2001
Stable social, political and economic climate
Level of violence in Canada is low, although
incidents of workplace violence have increased
Few incidents of terrorism
Threat is considered low – no specific
identifiable threat to the nuclear industry
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Threat to Canadian Nuclear Industry
Post-September 11, 2001
Elevated threat levels - heightened security
Intelligence indicates no direct threat to
Canada although Canada has been identified
as a potential target
Known extremist groups located in Canada
with capability and willingness to support
terrorist acts
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Development of a National Design Basis Threat
(DBT)
1999, CNSC commissioned DBT study
Updated shortly after 9/11 attacks
Determined the need for “armed response” at high
security sites
Led to extensive review of security arrangements at
all facilities
Identified additional measures to counter the
threats
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
2012 International Regulators Conference on Nuclear Security 2012.12.05 - 9
CNSC Order 01-1
Order issued to major licensees on October 19, 2001
and consisted of the following:
On-site armed response capability for effective intervention to
counter the DBT
Enhanced personnel security screening, including CRNC and
CSIS checks
Supervisory awareness training
Specialized equipment for security personnel
Dual verification systems for protected area access
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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On-site Armed Response Requirement
Must be able to provide an “effective intervention”
(An intervention that is timely and powerful enough to
prevent a person or group of persons equipped with
firearms or explosives from committing an act of
sabotage or theft of nuclear material.)
Must be adequately trained and armed appropriately
Must be sufficient in number to counter the DBT
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Armed Response Forces and the Performance
Testing Program
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Performance Testing Program (PTP)
Effective means of evaluating
and validating the physical
protection system of
licensees
Test of the physical
protection system (detection,
delay, response) in realistic
conditions
Performance testing can be
full-scope or limited scale
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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How was the PTP Developed?
Benchmarked with those
already doing it (US-NRC /
US-DOE)
Applied collaborative
approach
Extensive consultations
with affected licensees
Extensive consultation
within the CNSC
Continuous ongoing
refinement
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
2012 International Regulators Conference on Nuclear Security 2012.12.05 - 14
PTP Spectrum of Activities
Training courses
Inspections
Licensee training activities
Tabletop exercises
Force-on-force exercises
Testing of security devices and
equipment
Implementation of lessons learned
Sharing best practices
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Canadian Adversary Testing Team (CATT)
Created in October 2008
Based on U.S. model
Original training provided by U.S.
DOE at the National Training Center
- Albuquerque, New Mexico
CATT Program modified and
adapted to suit Canadian Nuclear
Industry / Regulator needs
CATT provides the adversary force
for all Performance Testing Program
(PTP) exercises
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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PTP - Where We Are Now
Recently commenced the third cycle of force-on-force
exercises (safe, realistic and challenging)
Developed additional forms of PTP - included in
inspection activities (RDs 321 and 361)
Unanimous licensee acceptance and support for the
program based on 2011 / 12 interviews
Recently completed a collaborative workshop to map
out the next five years of evolution
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Benchmarking – Validate Training
US SWAT National Championship
US – DOE Security Protection
Officer Team Competition (SPOTC)
Ontario Tactical Advisory Body
(OTAB) SWAT Round-up
Canadian Law Enforcement Games
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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PTP – Value Added
Exercises are safer and more realistic; therefore more beneficial
Significant advancement in capabilities and competencies of
nuclear security across the industry
Valuable lessons learned and shared amongst all licensees and
CNSC
Cost savings and other efficiencies realized through information
sharing, observation program, workshops
International recognition for the Canadian program
Program promotes a professional, collaborative and cooperative
work environment for all
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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Way Ahead
Initiatives to align Threat Risk Assessment (TRA) process
across the Nuclear Industry – standardize terminology
Future planning includes graduated sophistication of testing
scenarios across the entire threat spectrum by priority
Collaborative efforts underway to examine all options for
testing and validating licensees ability to mitigate threats in
accordance with the DBT
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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The CNSC will never compromise safety…
…It’s in our DNA!
To participate and contribute
visit the CNSC on-line at:
nuclearsafety.gc.ca
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
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