Supporting Information

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Supporting Information

Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, 2015

Controlled Synthesis of a Hexagonal-Shaped NiO

Nanocatalyst with Highly Reactive Facets {11 0} and Its

Catalytic Activity

Astam K. Patra,

[a, b]

Sudipta K. Kundu,

[a]

Dukjoon Kim,*

[b] and Asim Bhaumik*

[a] cctc_201402871_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf

Table of Content

Section 1 TEM Images of NO-1C and NO-2C samples

Section 2 FESEM images of NO-1C and NO-2C samples

Section 3 N

2

sorption of NO-1C and NO-2C samples

Section 4 Reaction kinetics of the reduction of benzaldehyde

Section 5 Recycling efficiency of the hexagonal-shaped NiO (NO-1C) catalyst

Section 6 TON and TOF

Section 7 Synthesis procedure of NiO nanoparticle.

Section 8 N

2

sorpation and wide angle XRD of Nano NiO and Bulk NiO

Section 9

1

H and

13

C NMR data of different alcohol product.

1

Section 1: TEM Images of NO-1C and NO-2C samples

Figure S1.

TEM images of a) self-assembled structure of NO–1C nanocrystal, b) single hexagonal shape particle with (111) lattice fringes and FFT is shown in the inset of this

Figure. c) self-assembled structure of NO–2C nanocrystals, d) single hexagonal shape particle with (111) crystal lattice fringes.

2

Section 2: FESEM images of NO-1C and NO-2C samples

Figure S2.

FESEM images of a) self-assembled structure of NO–1C nanocrystal, b) selfassembled structure of NO–2C nanocrystals.

3

Section 3: N

2

sorption of NO-1C and NO-2C samples

Figure S3 . (a) N

2

adsorption (●)–desorption (○) isotherms at 77 K of (a) NO–1C and its pore size distribution is sown in inset (b) NO–2C and its pore size distribution is sown in inset.

Pore size distribution is calculated using the Non Local Density Functional Theory (NLDFT)

Model.

4

Section 4: Kinatics study

Figure S4 . Reaction kinetics of the reduction of benzaldehyde.

5

Section 5: Catalyst recycling test

Figure S5 : Recycling efficiency of the hexagonal-shaped NiO (NO-1C) catalyst.

6

Section 6: TON and TOF

Table S1 . Reduction reaction of benzaldehyde in different condition

Catalyst H-Source

Temp

(

0

C)

Time

(h)

Conversion TON a

TOF b

Ref

Ru(η

6

Cymene)(Cl)(L)

[{RuCl

-p-

2

[{Cp*IrCl

(pcymene)}]

[{Cp*RhCl

2

2

}

2

}

2

2

]

]

2-propanol-

KOH

H

2

O-

HCOONa

H

2

O-

HCOONa

H

2

O-

HCOONa

80

65

65

65

1

25

25

25

89.0

32

35

70

267

-

-

-

267

2

3

20

1

2

2

2

[{Cp*IrCl

2

}

2

]-

Ts(en),IPA

[{Cp*IrCl

2

}

2

]-

CF

3

Ts(en)

NO-1C

(Hexagonal shape)

NO-2C

(Hexagonal shape)

2-propanol

H

2

O-

HCOONa

2-propanol-

KOH

2-propanol-

KOH

65

80

25

25

1

1

12

12

2.6

98

83.2

82.7

-

-

3.1

3.1

26

132000

0.26

0.26

2

2

This work

This work

Nano NiO

2-propanol-

KOH

25 12 71.0 2.6 0.21

This work

Bulk NiO

2-propanol-

KOH

25 12 56.3 2.1 0.17

This work a

TON (turnover number) = number of moles of substrate converted/number of moles of active site of the catalyst. b

TOF (turnover frequency) = TON per hour

7

Section 7: Synthesis procedure of NiO nanoparticle

Synthesis procedure of NiO nanoparticle: Nickel oxide nanoparticle was prepared by a hydrothermal crystallization method. The sample was prepared following a well−known procedure. At first, Ni(NO

3

)

2

·6H

2

O (0.1 mol) and CO(NH

2

)

2

(0.4 mol) was dissolved into 60 mL of deionized water respectively with vigorous stirring. Then the two solutions were mixed in a beaker and stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous solution obtained.

The mixture solution was transferred into a round bottom flask heated at 115°C for 1.5 hrs in an oil bath. After the reaction was completed, precipitated powder was collect by filtration and washed several times with water. The powder was dried in an oven at 90°C and calcined in air at 400°C for 1 h to form NiO nanoparticle.

8

Section 8: N

2

sorpation and wide angle XRD of Nano NiO and Bulk NiO

Figure S6 . (a) N

2

adsorption (●)–desorption (○) isotherms at 77 K of (a) nano NiO and its pore size distribution is sown in inset (b) Bulk NiO and its pore size distribution is sown in inset. Pore size distribution is calculated using the Non Local Density Functional Theory

(NLDFT) Model.

Figure S7 . Wide angle XRD pattern of (a) nano NiO and (b) Bulk NiO.

9

Section 9:

1

H and

13

C NMR data of different alcohol product.

Benzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 1) ,

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

7.28-7.38 (m, 5H);

13

C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 2.27 (b, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H),

) δ 65.45, 127.12, 127.77, 128.69, 140.98.

2-bromobenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 2) ,

1

H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl

3

) 4.76 (s, 2H), 7.15-

7.19 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.56 (m, 2H);

13

C NMR (400 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 65.26,

122.76, 127.82, 129.10, 129.29, 132.78, 139.92.

4- bromobenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 3) ,

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 2.46 (b, 1H), 4.59

13

(s, 2H), 7.18-7.20 (d, 2H, J = 10 Hz), 7.44-7.46 (d, 2H, J = 10 Hz); C NMR (500 MHz,

CDCl

3

) δ 64.54, 121.52, 128.68, 131.70, 139.83.

4-chlorobenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 4) ,

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 2.07 (b, 1H), 4.59

(s, 2H), 7.23-7.31 (m, 4H);

13

C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 65.38, 128.67, 129.56, 133.03,

139.57.

4-fluorobenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 5),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 2.75 (b, 1H), 4.58

(s, 2H), 6.99-7.03 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.29 (m, 2H);

13

C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 64.39, 115.29,

128.77, 136.60, 161.37.

4-methylbenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 6),

1

H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl

(s, 3H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 7.16-7.18 (d, 2H), 7.24-7.27 (d, 2H);

3

) δ 1.97 (b, 1H), 2.36

13

C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ

21.25, 65.30, 127.22, 129.33, 137.47, 138.04.

4-nitrobenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 7),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

(s, 2H), 7.53-7.55 (d, 2H, J = 10 Hz), 8.21-8.23 (d, 2H, J = 10 Hz);

3

) δ 1.67 (b, 1H), 4.84

13

C NMR (500 MHz,

CDCl

3

) δ 64.19, 123.90, 127.15, 148.24.

2-nitrobenzyl alcohol (Table 2 entry 8),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 2.28 (b, 1H), 4.95

(s, 2H), 7.43-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.72 (m, 1H), 8.06-8.08 (m, 1H);

13

C

NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 62.67, 125.15, 128.63, 130.11,134.25, 136.93, 147.83.

( pyridin-2-yl)methanol (Table 2 entry 9),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d

6

) δ 2.38 (b, 1H),

4.54 (s, 2H), 7.44-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.81 (m, 1H), 8.42-8.46 (m, 1H);

13

C NMR (500MHz, DMSO-d

6

) δ 64.23, 120.18, 121.91, 136.59, 148.44, 161.91.

1-(4-iodophenyl)ethanol (Table 2 entry 10),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 1.47-1.48 (d,

3H, J = 5Hz), 2.58 (b, 1H), 4.85-4.86 (q, 1H), 7.12-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.70 (m, 2H);

13

C

NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 25.33, 69.97, 92.83, 127.55, 137.74, 145.56.

1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanol (Table 2 entry 11),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 1.39-1.40 (d,

3H, J = 5Hz), 2.51 (b, 1H), 4.79-4.80 (q, 1H), 7.16-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.40 (m, 2H);

13

C

NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 25.36, 69.94, 127.29, 129.99,131.70,135.98.

1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol (Table entry 12),

1

H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 1.37-1.38 (d,

3H, J = 5 Hz), 2.54 (b, 1H), 4.64-4.67 (q, 1H), 6.90-6.92 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.93 (m, 2H);

13

C

NMR (500 MHz, CDCl

3

) δ 22.02, 70.25, 115.70, 127.20, 130.78, 162.18.

10

1

H NMR of benzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of benzyl alcohol

11

1

H NMR of 2-bromobenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 2-bromobenzyl alcohol

12

1

H NMR of 4-bromobenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 4-bromobenzyl alcohol

13

1

H NMR of 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol

14

1

H NMR of 4-fluorobenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 4-fluorobenzyl alcohol

15

1

H NMR of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol

16

1

H NMR of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol

17

1

H NMR of 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol

13

C NMR of 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol

18

1

H NMR of ( pyridin-2-yl)methanol

13

C NMR of ( pyridin-2-yl)methanol

19

1

H NMR of 1-(4-iodophenyl)ethanol

13

C NMR of 1-(4-iodophenyl)ethanol

20

1

H NMR of 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanol

13

C NMR of 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanol

21

1

H NMR of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol

13

C NMR of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol

22

Reference

[1] M. U. Raja, N. Raja, R. Ramesh, Open Catal. J . 2010 , 3, 30-33.

[2] X. Wu, J. Liu, X. Li, A. Zanotti-Gerosa, F. Hancock, D. Vinci, J. Ruan, J. Xiao, Angew.

Chem . 2006, 118, 6870 –6874; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

2006 , 45, 6718 –6722.

23

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