Date
Aug.
28, 30
Sept.
4, 6
Sept.
11, 13
Sept.
18, 20
Sept.
25, 27
Oct.
2, 4
Oct.
9, 11
Oct.
16, 18
Oct.
23, 25
Oct. 30
Nov. 1
Nov.
6, 8
Nov.
13, 15
Nov.
20, 22
Nov.
27, 29
Dec.
4, 6
TENTATIVE LABORATORY SCHEDULE
General Chemistry 110, Lycoming College, Fall 2012
Experiment (points)
Prelab lecture / Lab Quiz, What’s Due
Orientation, Check in, Sig Figs lecture, Brief
Meet for Prelab in G40, Significant Figures lecture
Experiment on Scientific Method
Lab Deposit, have safety glasses, get key
The Measurement of Mass and Volume:
Meet for Prelab in the lab (normal procedure)
Density of Liquids and Solids (40 pts)
Leave lab: Density data sheets
The Separation of a Mixture (40 pts)
Start of lab: Density lab report
Leave lab: Separation data sheets
Qualitative Organic Analysis (Four week Expt.) Meet for Prelab in G40
QOA Week 1: Distillation and Measurement
Leave lab: Distillation data sheets
of the Boiling Point (BP) of the Solvent
QOA Week 2: Freezing Point (FP), Density,
Meet for Prelab in G40
and Infrared (IR) Spectrum of the Solvent
Start of lab: Separation lab report
(40 pts)(one report for weeks 1 and 2)
Leave lab: FP, Density & IR data sheets
Week 3: Recrystallization of the Solute
Meet for LAB QUIZ ONE in G40
Start of lab: Solvent Identity lab report (weeks 1, 2)
Leave lab: Recrystallization data sheets
Week 4: Melting Point (MP), Gas
Meet for Prelab in G40
Chromatography (GC), Mass (MS) and
Leave lab: MP GC MS IR data sheets
IR Spectroscopy of the Solute (40 pts)
(one report for weeks 3 and 4)
Percent Water in a Hydrate (40 pts)
Start of lab: Solute Identity lab report (weeks 3, 4)
Leave lab: Percent Water data sheets
Synthesis of Alum (Potassium Aluminum Sulfat Start of lab: Percent Water lab report
from Aluminum Scrap (40 pts)
Leave lab: Alum data sheets
Growing Alum Crystals, Penny Lab:
Meet for LAB QUIZ TWO in G40
Copper to “Silver” to “Gold” (20 pts total)
Leave lab: Alum Crystal, Penny data sheets
Atomic Weight of a Metal (40 pts)
Start of lab: Alum and Penny lab reports
Leave lab: Atomic Weight data sheets
Calorimetry, ΔH, and Hess' Law (40 pts)
Start of lab: Atomic Weight lab report
Leave lab: Calorimetry data sheets
THANKSGIVING – NO LAB
The Nine Bottle Problem (40 pts)
Checkout
Meet for LAB QUIZ THREE in G40
Start of lab: Calorimetry lab report
Start of lab: Nine Bottle conclusions and net ionics
Leave lab: Turn in key, get deposit back
Pre-lab lectures will be held in Heim G40 for the following topics and weeks: Significant figures and
Introduction to Lab (Aug. 28 and 30); Organic molecular structure, functional groups, and distillation
(September 18 and 20); Organic functional groups and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy (Sept. 25 and 27); Melting
points (MP), Gas Chromatography (GC), and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) (Oct. 9 and 11).
Lab Quizzes will be held at the start of lab in Heim G40 on the following dates: October 2 and 4; October 30
and November 1; November 27 and 29. The three lab quizzes are worth 20 points each, for a total of 60 points.
Lab Performance is worth 20 points, and will be evaluated according to the Lab Performance Matrix, printed on
the inside back cover of the lab manual.
Material covered on General Chemistry 110 Laboratory Quizzes
Subject matter which may be included on the quizzes includes the following (with a few examples from the first
few weeks of lab after each – this is not an inclusive list):
• calculations associated with the Chemistry 110 laboratory (i.e. how to calculate a density or significant
figures),
• operation of lab equipment and basic techniques (how to read a graduated cylinder, how to do a
filtration)
• “big picture stuff”
• names and formulas (for a complete listing of the elements and polyatomic ions which are fair game for
these quizzes, please see the sheet listing these (next two pages); this will also be on the Chemistry 110
Moodle page.)
For names and formulas, here is what is fair game by lab quiz. Flash cards help (name on one side, abbreviation
or formula on the other side).
1. For the first quiz, know the names and abbreviations for many of the chemical elements
2. For the second quiz add the common ions for elements (i.e. Na+ for sodium, F– (fluoride) for fluorine)
3. For the third quiz add the names and formulas for many common polyatomic ions, and the neutral acids
and bases formed by many of the common polyatomic ions.
Points in General Chemistry 110 Laboratory and the overall course grade
The overall lab grade is calculated based on a total of 420 points possible (eight labs at 40 points each for a
total of 320 points, one lab grade of 20 points, three lab quizzes for a total of 60 points, and lab performance for
20 points). This is then converted into a percentage and that percentage is used to find the number of points
from lab in the overall Chemistry 110 grade.
Example: A student earned 357 lab points out of 420 possible lab points, or 85.0%. In Chemistry 110, the lab is
worth 115 course points out of a possible 665, so 85.0% of 115 is 97.75 course points (out of a possible 115).
Please be aware that a point in lab is NOT the same as a point in the course.
General Chemistry 110 Laboratory Quizzes will be held at the start of lab in Heim G40 on the following dates:
October 2 and 4; October 30 and November 1; November 27 and 29, 2012. The three lab quizzes are worth 20
points each, for a total of 60 points.
1. For the first quiz, you will need to know the names and abbreviations for many of the chemical elements
2. For the second quiz, add the common ions for elements (i.e. Na+ for sodium, F– (fluoride) for fluorine)
3. For the third quiz, add the names and formulas for many common polyatomic ions, and the neutral acids
and bases formed by many of the common polyatomic ions.
Flash cards help (name on one side, abbreviation or formula on the other side). You also need to know common
ions for elements, as given.
Alkali metals or Group 1 (form +1 cations, i.e. sodium ion, Na+)
Li
Lithium,
Na
Sodium,
K
Potassium,
Rb
Rubidium,
Cs
Cesium
Alkaline Earth metals or Group 2 (form +2 cations, i.e. beryllium ion, Be2+)
Be
Beryllium,
Mg
Magnesium, Ca
Calcium,
Sr
Strontium,
Ba
Barium
Xe
Xenon
All non-metals and metalloids (metalloids marked with *), including:
Noble gases or Group 18 (generally do not react or form stable ions)
He
Helium,
Ne
Neon,
Ar
Argon,
Kr
Krypton,
Halogens or Group 17 (form -1 anions, i.e. fluoride F–)
F
Fluorine,
Cl
Chlorine,
Br
Bromine,
Iodine
I
Oxygen Group or Chalcogens or Group 16 (form -2 anions, i.e. oxide, O2–)
O
Oxygen,
S
Sulfur,
Se
Selenium,
Te
Tellurium*
Nitrogen Group or Pnictogens or Group 15
N Nitrogen,
P
Phosphorus, As
Arsenic*,
Carbon Group or Group 14
C
Carbon,
Si
Germanium*, Pb
Lead (a metal)
Silicon*,
Ge
Sb
Antimony*
Group 13 (form +3 cations, i.e. aluminum ion, Al3+)
B
Boron*,
Al
Aluminum (a metal)
Some Transition metals, including:
All Period 4 Transition metals
Sc
Scandium,
Ti
Titanium,
Fe
Iron,
Co
Cobalt,
V
Ni
Vanadium,
Nickel,
Cr
Cu
Chromium,
Copper,
Mn
Zn
Manganese,
Zinc
All Period 5 Transition metals
Y
Yttrium,
Zr
Zirconium,
Ru
Ruthenium, Rh
Rhodium,
Nb
Pd
Niobium,
Palladium,
Mo
Ag
Molybdenum, Tc
Silver,
Cd
Technetium,
Cadmium
Some Period 6 Transition metals
Pt
Platinum,
Au
Gold,
Hg
Mercury
Common Polyatomic anions (and their most protonated or acid forms)
Acetate
C2H3O2–
(Acetic acid
HC2H3O2)
Carbonate
CO32–
(Carbonic acid
H2CO3)
Hydrogen carbonate
(or bicarbonate)
HCO3–
(Carbonic acid
H2CO3)
Hydroxide
OH–
(Water
H2O)
Nitrite
NO2–
(Nitrous acid
HNO2)
Nitrate
NO3–
(Nitric acid
HNO3)
Phosphate
PO43–
(Phosphoric acid
H3PO4)
Hydrogen phosphate
HPO42–
(Phosphoric acid
H3PO4)
Dihydrogen phosphate
H2PO42–
(Phosphoric acid
H3PO4)
Sulfite
SO32–
(Sulfurous acid
H2SO3)
Hydrogen sulfite
HSO3–
(Sulfurous acid
H2SO3)
Sulfate
SO42–
(Sulfuric acid
H2SO4)
Hydrogen sulfate
(or bisulfate)
HSO4–
(Sulfuric acid
H2SO4)
Hypochlorite
ClO–
(Hypochlorous acid
HClO)
Chlorite
ClO2–
(Chlorous acid
HClO2)
Chlorate
ClO3–
(Chloric acid
HClO3)
Perchlorate
ClO4–
(Perchloric acid
HClO4)
Peroxide
O22–
(Hydrogen peroxide H2O2)
Pemanganate
MnO4–
Chromate
CrO42–
Dichromate
Cr2O72–
Cyanide
CN–
Common Polyatomic cations (and their deprotonated or basic forms)
Ammonium
NH4+
(Ammonia
Hydronium
H3O+
(Water
NH3)
H2O)