INTRODUCTION TO MOTOR
BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Motor Control
Motor Learning
Genetically Defined vs. Learned
Movements
Skill, Skills, and Ability
Gross vs. Fine Motor Skills
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MEASURING MOTOR
PERFORMANCE
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DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
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Discrete vs. Serial vs. Continuous
Motor Skills
Open skills (Reactive, Externally
Paced, or Forced Paced Skills)
Closed Skills (Internally Paced or
Self-Paced Skills)
Response-To-Response Variability
CONCEPTS
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MOTOR CONTROL
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A FIELD OF STUDY CONCERNED WITH
HOW SENSORY INFORMATION FROM
THE ENVIRONMENT AND/ OR BODY IS
USED IN THE CONTROL OF
MOVEMENTAND HOW SUCH
INFORMATION ALLOWS AN
INDIVIDUALTO SELECT A MOVEMENT
(Schmidt, 1988).
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
CONCEPTS
CONCEPTS
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MOTOR CONTROL
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MOTOR LEARNING
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CONCERNED WITH HOW MOVEMENTS
ARE MODIFIED OR PRODUCED
DIFFERENTLY AS A RESULT OF
PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE
(Schmidt, 1988).
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DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
CONCEPTS
CONCEPTS
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MOTOR
LEARNING
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GENETICALLY DEFINED
MOVEMENTS
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(INHERITED-REFLEXIVE, OR
"SELF-DIFFERENTIATED) -- IS
A TYPE OF LIMB CONTROL
WHOSE DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPROVEMENT IS
DETERMINED BY GENETIC
MAKE-UP AND IS RELATIVELY
SIMILAR ACROSS MEMBERS
OF THE SAME SPECIES.
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
CONCEPTS
CONCEPTS
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LEARNED
MOVEMENTS
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„
MOTOR LEARNING
„
MOTOR BEHAVIORS
THAT NEED TO BE
MODIFIED AND
REFINED THROUGH
PRACTICE AND
EXPERIENCE
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SKILLS --"ACTS OR TASKS THAT REQUIRE
MOVEMENT AND MUST BE LEARNED IN
ORDER TO BE PROPERLY PERFORMED
(Magill, 1985, P. 5)."
SKILL --"SKILL CONSISTS IN THE ABILITY
TO BRING ABOUT SOME END RESULT WITH
MAXIMUM CERTAINTY AND MINIMUM
OUTLAY OF ENERGY, OR OF TIME AND
ENERGY (Guthrie, 1952, p. 136)."
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS AND
CONCEPTS
„
MOTOR LEARNING
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ABILITY --"IS A GENERAL TRAIT
OR CAPACITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL
THAT IS RELATED TO THE
PERFORMANCE OF A VARIETY OF
MOTOR SKILLS BY BEING A
COMPONENT OF THOSE SKILLS'
STRUCTURE (Magill, 1989, p. 9)."
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS:
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Interactions Within Cells
Interaction Between Cells
Interaction between Groups of
Cells
Interaction Between Limbs or the
Whole Body
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THE CLASSIFICATION OF
MOTOR SKILLS
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THE CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR
SKILLS
THE PRECISION
OF MOTOR
BEHAVIOR
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INITIATION AND
TERMINATION OF
MOVEMENT
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GROSS MOTOR
SKILLS
FINE MOTOR
SKILLS
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DISCRETE MOTOR
SKILLS SERIAL
MOTORS KILLS
CONTINUOUS
MOTOR SKILLS
(ARBITRARY
BEGINNING AND
END POINTS)
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Categories
Categories of
of Motor
Motor Skills
Skills
Performance
Performance Measures
Measures
THE CLASSIFICATION OF
MOTOR SKILLS
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STABILITY OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
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OPEN SKILLS (REACTIVE or
EXTERNALLY PACED
SKILLS) -- THE PERFORMER
RESPONDS
APPROPRIATELY AT THE
PROPER TIME TO CHANGES
IN THE STIMULUS
SITUATION.
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CLOSED SKILLS (SELFPACED) -- THE PERFORMER
RESPONDS AT HER OR HIS
DISCRETION TO A
RELATIVELY CONSTANT
AND STATIONARY
STIMULUS IN THE SPORT
ENVIRONMENT.
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CHOICE
Red
GN
Response production
TRIALS
DISPLACEMENT
VELOCITY
ACCELERATION
DISTANCE
JOINT ANGLE
EMG & EEG
Reaction
Reaction Time
Time ++ Movement
Movement
Time
Time == Response
Response Time
Time
DISCRIMINATION
WARNING
Red
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TIME
ERROR
Three
Three Conditions
Conditions for
for Reaction
Reaction
Time
Time (RT)
(RT) Testing
Testing
SIMPLE
Response outcome
YW
SIGNAL
Red
GN
“GO”
SIGNAL
INITIATION
TERMINATION
OF THE RESPONSE
OF THE RESPONSE
YW
FOREFORE-
REACTION TIME
MOVEMENT TIME
PERIOD
INDEX MIDDLE RING
INDEX FINGER
Index
TIME
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Measures
Measures of
of Error
Error for
for
aa Single
Subject
Single Subject
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CONSTANT ERROR (CE) The average
error in responding. It is a measure of
response biasing since it does not
consider the amount of scatter,
variability, or inconsistency in
performing.
CE =
(Xi - T)
n
Measures
Measures of
of Error
Error for
for aa Single
Single
Subject
Subject
„
„
CONSTANT ERROR (CE) The
average error in responding. It is a
measure of response biasing since it
does not consider the amount of
scatter, variability, or inconsistency
in performing.
CE =
(Xi - T)
n
Summary
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Questions Comments
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