INDIA: Past, Present and Future
Dr. Shahnawaz
Director (S & SE Asia)
UNIGIS International
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Interfaculty DEPARTMENT OF GEOINFORMATICS
India: as known Popularly
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Biggest Democracy
Largest population - 1.27 Billion
Multi-religion, Multi-language society
Caste System
Holy Cow, Ayurveda & Yoga
Fast Growing knowledge economy
Lots of poor people
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Modern Period
1947 AD - ……
Prehistoric Period
400000 BC-2500 BC
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Colonial Period
1500 AD - 1947 AD
Muslim Rulers
1000 AD – 1700 AD
Various
Indian Kings
upto 1000 AD
Indus Valley
Civilization
2500 BC-1500 BC
Vedic Age
1500 BC - 1000 BC
MAJOR
HISTORICAL
PHASES
OF INDIA
Hinduism
and Transition
600 BC-322 BC
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Epic Age
1000 BC - 600 BC
Epic Age
1000 BC - 600 BC
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Size of India and Regional
Cultural Differentiation
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INDIA
Pre-Historic Sites
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Indus Valley Civilisation
 2500 BC - 1500 BC
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Indus Valley Civilisation
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- 2500 BC - 1500 BC
- Highly developed civilization
- Derived its name from the river Indus
- Agriculture was the backbone of the economy
- Metals like bronze and copper were used extensively
- Society was ruled by groups of merchants
- People worshipped natural forces
- The script was pictographic
- No clear evidences as to how & why it came to an end
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Vedic Age
 1500 BC - 1000 BC
 4 Vedas were written - Rig Veda, Sama
Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda
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Vedic Age…
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- 1500 BC - 1000 BC
- Migration of Aryans to Sapta-Sindhava
- Compilation of Vedas started
- Religion was in the form of nature worship
- Emergence of the tribe Bharata
- No consciousness of castes
- Distinction of Varnas: Aryans and Dasas
- Later Aryans moved to Ganga-Jamuna-Doab
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Vedic Age…
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda
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Epic Age
 1000 BC - 600 BC
 3 great old epics started influencing
the life and laws of the society
 Ramayana (app. 2000 BC)
 Mahabharata (app. 1000 BC) and
 the Upnishadas (app. 600 BC)
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Epic Age
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- 1000 BC - 600 BC
- Foundation of Hinduism started
- Society was rural and people lived in fortified camps
- Kingship was no longer tribal, but hereditary
- The priests (Brahmins) gained power
Cult of sacrifices and rituals emerged
- Society was stratified into 4 Varnas
- (later Castes) Brahmin, Kshatria, Vaisia, Shudra
- People could change occupation as per wish
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Hinduism and Transition
 Varna / Caste system
became rigid and
exploitative
 Only way to get out
from this system was
not to remain in
Hinduism
 New religions were
founded
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Sidhartha - Gautam Buddha
 Founder of Buddhism 563-483 BCE
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Vardhaman Mahavir
 Founder of Jainism 540 - 463 BCE.
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Other Factors
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Christianity 52 AD onwards
Islam 712 onwards
Muslim Rulers 1000 - 1700 AD
Colonial Powers 1500 - 1947 AD
Foundation of Sikhism 16th Century AD
Independence and Partition 1947
…. after-wars, conflicts, terrorism
Rapid population Growth
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Guru Nanak Dev
 Founder of Sikhism 1469 - 1539 AD
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Independence & partition
Partition of
on 14th August 1947
West
Pakistan
INDIA
East
Pakistan
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Independence, Partition,
& Refugee Influx
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Republic of India:
Secular - Socialist - Democratic
 Freedom of Religion
 Special provisions for upliftment of
Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes and
Backward Classes
 Decentralised Governance
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Modern India: Contrasting
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Traditional and Modern Existing Side by Side
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Modern India: Contrasting
Dogs of the Rich enjoy
Car Rides and Ice Cream
Poor Children don‘t have
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Enough to fill their stomach
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Globalisation and
Economic Growth
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IC&T Revolution
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Space Science
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Modern Infrastructure
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Shopping Malls
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Future: Youth Power!
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Future: App. 50%
population below 30 Years!
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Relevant Youth Facts
 50 % population below 25 years of age
 About 700 universities and more than
35,000 affiliated colleges have more
than 20 million students (www.dreducation.com)
 Indian students going overseas to
study increased from 53,266 to 189,629
between 2000 - 2009 (http://monitor.icef.com)
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Privileged Youth!
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Un-Privileged Children!
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Economic Growth... How
Far?
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www.tradingeconomics.com/india/gdp-growth-annual
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Thanks for Your Attention
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Interfakultärer FACHBEREICH GEOINFORMATIK
Interfaculty DEPARTMENT OF GEOINFORMATICS