1. If you could pick up a single chromosome in your hand, what types of macromolecules would you be holding? A. B. C. D. E. DNA protein RNA b&c a,b,&c* 2. Nucleotides on a single-stranded DNA molecule are connected by: A. B. C. D. E. chromosomes nucleosides nucleotides phosphodiester bonds* proteins 3. The polarity of DNA synthesis is A. B. C. D. 3'-->5' 5'-->2' 5'-->3' * None of the choices is correct. 4. The ratio of adenine to thymine in naturally-occuring DNA __________, while the ratio of adenine to cytosine __________. A. B. C. D. E. is 1:1; is 1:1 is 1:1; varies * varies; is 1:1 varies; varies none of the above 5. ________ bonds are used to hold consecutive nucleotides together in each single strand of DNA, while ________ bonds are used for complementary base pairing in DNA. A. B. C. D. E. covalent; hydrogen * covalent; ionic hydrogen; covalent ionic; hydrogen none of the above 6. A nucleotide is composed of: A. B. C. D. E. base phosphate sugar a&b a,b,&c* 7. If 30% of the bases in a region of the mouse genome are cytosine, what percentage in that region are adenine? A. 20% * B. 30% C. 40% D. 50% E. 60% F. Chapter 6 Homework part 1 1 8. The complementary sequence of 5'-AGGGTCTCGA- 3' is: A. B. C. D. E. 5'- ACCCTCTCGA- 3' 5'- AGCTCTCCCA - 3' 5'- TCCCAGAGCT - 3' 5'- TCGAGACCCT - 3'* none of the above 9. In Griffith's 1928 experiment demonstrating bacterial transformation, injection of live S bacteria resulted in ________ mice, injection of live R bacteria resulted in ________ mice, and simultaneous injection of heat-killed S cell components and live R bacteria resulted in ________ mice. A. B. C. D. E. dead; dead; dead dead; dead; live dead; live; dead* dead; live; live live; dead; live 10. In 1944, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty extended Griffith's experiments by showing that the transformation activity of the "transforming principle" was inactivated by __________. A. B. C. D. E. DNase * Protease RNase ultracentrifugation b&c 11. In the Hershey and Chase experiment designed to determine the molecule of heredity, what was radiolabeled with 35S? A. B. C. D. protein * DNA RNA None of these choices are correct. 12. In the Hershey and Chase experiment designed to determine the molecule of heredity, what was radiolabeled with 32P? A. B. C. D. E. protein DNA * RNA rRNA a&b 13. To help elucidate the double helix structure of DNA, __________ used information provided by __________ that certain bases are always present in a 1:1 ratio. A. B. C. D. E. Meselson and Stahl; Chargaff Watson and Crick; Chargaff* Watson and Crick; Franklin Watson and Crick; Meselson and Stahl none of the above Chapter 6 Homework part 1 2 14. Replication of the Escherichia coli genome begins from ____ origin(s) of replication. A. B. C. D. E. an unidirectional many one* several two 15. During DNA synthesis, the leading strand is synthesized _______ and the lagging strand is synthesized ________. A. B. C. D. 3' to 5'; 3' to 5' 3' to 5'; 5' to 3' 5' to 3'; 3' to 5' 5' to 3'; 5' to 3'* 16. The Meselson and Stahl experiment used a non-radioactive rare isotope of nitrogen to identify newly replicated DNA. The outcome of this experiment supported the __________model of DNA replication. A. B. C. D. E. conservative dispersive semiconservative* transferal none of the above 17. Meselson and Stahl allowed bacteria raised in 15N medium to replicate in 14N media. At the end of two rounds of DNA replication in 14N media, they observed ______ band(s) in their centrifugation tubes. These band(s) was/were composed of _______. A. B. C. D. E. one; a single strand of 15N DNA base-paired to single strand of 14N DNA one; double stranded DNA, each strand made up of a mixture of 14N and 15N DNA two; double stranded DNA, the upper band was pure 14N DNA and the lower band was pure 15N DNA two; double stranded DNA, the upper band was pure 14N DNA and the lower band was made of DNA in which one strand was 15N DNA and the other strand was 14N DNA* two; double stranded DNA, the upper band was made of DNA in which one strand was 15N DNA and the other strand was 14N DNA and the lower band was 15N DNA 18. In the Meselson and Stahl experiment, if DNA replication had been conservative, after one round of replication in the 14N media they would have observed _________ in the centrifuge tube. A. B. C. D. E. one heavy band (pure 15N DNA) one intermediate weight band (half 14N and half 15N DNA) two bands, one heavy (pure 15N DNA) and one intermediate (half 14N and half 15N DNA) two bands, one heavy (pure 15N DNA) and one light (pure 14N DNA)* two bands, one intermediate (half 14N and half 15N DNA) and one light (pure 14N DNA) Chapter 6 Homework part 1 3 19. Match each item in the left column with the most appropriate description in the right column. Each letter in the right column should be used once and only once. 1. cellular DNA ligase *F* [A} a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2. DNA polymerase III *C* [B} an intermediate found on the lagging strand of DNA synthesis 3. DNA template *G* [C] catalyzes linkage of one deoxyribonucleotide to another 4. helicase *J* [D] DNA sequence where replication begins 5. lagging strand *E* [E] is synthesized discontinuously 6. leading strand *I* [F] joins consecutive DNA fragments together if base-paired to a template and if separated by only one missing phosphodiester bond 7. Okazaki fragments *B* [G] read by DNA polymerase to synthesize a strand of DNA 8. origin of replication *D* [H] relieves tension as helix is unwound during replication 9. primase *A* [I] synthesized as a continuous strand 10. topoisomerase *H* [ J ] unwinds strands at replication fork A. [A][G][F][D][B][ I ][C][ J ][E][H] B. [C][B][F][A][G][D][ I ][E][H][ J ] C. [C][G][F][ I ][ J ][E][B][H][D][A] D. [C][G][F][E][ I ][ J ][B][D][H][A] E. [F][A][G][D][ I ][C][B][E][H][ J ] F. [F][C][G][ J ][E][ I ][B][D][A][H]* G. [G][H][E][D][F][ J ][A][ I ][C][B] H. [H][C][B][F][A][ I ][E][ J ][G][D] I. [H][E][ J ][G][D][C][B][F][A][ I ] J. [H][E][D][G][C][F][A][ I ][ J ][B] Chapter 6 Homework part 1 4 20. Match the scientists with their contribution to understanding the structure of DNA. 1. did a famous phage blender experiment *D* [A] Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 2. first proposed the correct structure of DNA [B] Chargaff *E* 3. repeated Griffiths work in vitro and clearly. [C] Griffith showed that DNA was the molecule of heredity *A* 4. first to transform bacteria and to use the term transformation *C* [D] Hershey and Chase 5. Maurice Wilkins *H* [E] James Watson and Francis Crick 6. nucleotide ratios in DNA *B* [F] Meselson and Stahl 7. performed the extremely high quality X-ray [G] Rosalind Franklin diffraction experiments that were used to solve the structure of DNA *G* 8. showed that bacterial genomes replicated using by semiconservative replication *F* A. [A} [H] [D] [E] [G] [C] [F] [B] B. [D] [C] [H] [A} [E] [G] [B] [F] C. [D] [E] [A} [C] [H] [B] [G] [F]* D. [D] [E] [A} [H] [C] [B] [F] [G] E. [D] [H] [C] [B] [F] [A} [E] [G] F. [E] [D] [A} [C] [H] [B] [G] [F] G. [H] [A} [E] [D] [C] [G] [B] [F] H. [H] [C] [B] [F] [G] [D] [E] [A} [H] worked on the x-diffraction of DNA fibers 21. The DNA double helix makes one turn every __________ nm. There are ____ nucleotides per turn of the helix and the helix has a diameter of ________ nm. A. B. C. D. 10, 8, 20 3.4, 10, 2* 34, 10, 2 34, 10, 20 22. In equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, DNA forms bands because A. B. C. D. DNA molecules will associate with one another because of intramolecular base pairing. While this is rare only one is needed to cause two DNA molecules to associate. the DNA is being pelleted to the bottom of the centrifuge tube and a rarely-seen intermediate in centrifugal pelleting is a band. the pore size in the gel retards the migration of the DNA so that it forms a band at the position of its molecular weight the solution below the DNA is more dense than the DNA and the solution above the DNA is less dense than the DNA* Chapter 6 Homework part 1 5 23. Meselson and Stahl relied on equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in a _______ solution to resolve the DNA containing 14N from DNA containing 15N. A. B. C. D. E. calcium chloride cesium chloride* radiolabeled nitrogen radiolabeled phosphate sodium acetate 24. Hershey and Chase relied on ________ to physically separate the infected bacterial cells from the phage ghosts. A. B. C. D. E. centrifugation* gel filtration ion exchange radioactivity None of the choices is correct. 25. In the Hershey and Chase experiment, phage ghosts are what? A. B. C. D. Fantasmas that haunt bacterial colonies. Newly synthesized phage inside the bacterial cell that appear just before phage lysis. Phage genomes that are missing the surrounding protein coat. Phage missing their genetic information* 26. The complementary sequence of 5' AATTCGCTTA 3' is A. B. C. D. E. 3' 3' 5' 5' 5' AATTCGCTTA 5' TAAGCGAATT 5' AATTCGCTTA 3' TAACGCTTAA 3' TAAGCGAATT 3'* 27. If 35% of the bases in a region of the mouse genome are cytosine, what percentage in that region are adenine? A. B. C. D. E. 15% * 20% 30% 35% It is not possible to determine the answer from the information that has been provided. 28. What radiolabeled substance did Hershey and Chase use to label the protein component of the bacteriophage in their study to determine whether protein or DNA was necessary for phage reproduction? A. B. C. D. E. carbon iodide nitrogen phosphorus sulfur* Chapter 6 Homework part 1 6 29. Which were the radioactive isotopes used by Hershey and Chase in their historic experiment that showed that DNA was is the genetic material? A. B. C. D. 32 S S 35 S 35 S 32 and and and and 31 P P 31 P 32 P* 32 30. During the S phase of interphase, the state of the DNA in a chromosome can be described as _______________________ A. B. C. D. E. a double helix that is replicating conservatively. a double helix that is replicating semiconservatively. * a single continuous double helix. a triple helix that is replicating semiconservatively. None of the choices are correct. 31. During the G1 phase of interphase, the state of the DNA in a chromosome can be described as A. B. C. D. E. a double helix that is replicating conservatively. a double helix that is replicating semiconservatively. a single continuous double helix. * a triple helix that is replicating semiconservatively. None of the choices is correct. 32. DNA replication occurs through a _________process. A. B. C. D. E. conservative dispersive semiconservative* transferal None of the choices is correct. 33. The beta form of DNA is a A. B. a right handed helix * a left handed helix 34. A phosphodiester bond joins one nucleotide to another in the DNA polymer. A. B. TRUE * FALSE 35. Pyrimidines are a nitrogenous base containing a double ring, while purines contain a single ring. A. B. 36. TRUE FALSE* Prokaryotes have a circular chromosome surrounded by a nuclear membrane. A. B. TRUE FALSE* 37. Transformation in bacteria results from the uptake of foreign DNA. A. B. TRUE* FALSE Chapter 6 Homework part 1 7 38. Alternative resolutions of the Holliday intermediate are responsible for whether or not crossing over occurs or gene conversion occurs. A. B. TRUE * FALSE 39. Human DNA is replicated in a conservative manner. A. B. TRUE FALSE* 40. In cells, DNA is replicated by continuous replication. Another way to ask this is : Do cells replicate their nuclear genome by continuous replication? A. B. TRUE FALSE* 41. In semiconservative replication, each strand of the parent molecule can be found in its entirety in the offspring molecules. A. B. TRUE* FALSE 42. I have invented an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cellular ligase. How is DNA replication affected? A. B. C. D. Primers for DNA replication are no longer produced. Proof reading stops. The discontinous fragments on the lagging strand of synthesis cannot be joined together.* The leading strand cannot continue once the RNA primer is removed because the fragments cannot be processed. 43. Which is the best description of most of the DNA in a cell? A. B. C. D. a left-handed double helix in the B conformation a right-handed double helix in the B conformation * both right- and left-handed double helixes in the B conformation Three forms exist. They are A, B, and Z. However, A and Z are used for the spaces between genes. Chapter 6 Homework part 1 8