AP World History Chapter 16- Transformation in Europe Name: _______________
Study Guide
Short Answer Questions:
1. Why did Martin Luther write his “95 Thesis” and what was the result?
2. How did the Catholic Church respond to Luther and other Protestants?
3. Describe the social inequalities of Europe. (Bourgeoisie, living conditions)
4. Explain the witch-hunts that swept through Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Who were the victims? Why were so many of the accused, women?
5. Analyze and discuss the significance of the differences between absolutism and constitutionalism.
6. In what ways did the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment challenge the intellectual and
political status quo in early modern Europe?
Section 1: Cultures and Ideas
1. The economic prosperity of the papacy allowed the popes to do what?
2. Forgiveness of past sins, an indulgence, might be given for what reasons?
3. Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was how?
4. The movement that began with the rejection of the Pope’s authority was the ?
5. To promote his ideas, Luther used what invention?
6. John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by?
7. Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in what way?
8. In light of the challenges to the Catholic Church, many reforms were enacted, such as ?
9. Ignatius of Loyola founded what group? What was their purpose?
10. The challenge to the church and its supporters was intense and emotional, resulting in what?
11. Europeans viewed the natural world through two beliefs systems, what were they?
12. Europeans believed that when natural disasters like earthquakes occurred, the cause was what?
13. Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believed that ?
14. The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by?
15. The astronomer who first placed the sun at the center of the universe was who?
16. The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was who?
17. How did many religious and intellectual leaders view the new science?
18. The belief that humans could understand social behavior using reason was characteristic of what belief?
AP World History - Mr. Mulford
mrmulford.wikispaces.com Liberty High School 1, 2, 3 – GO CHARGERS !!!
AP World History Chapter 16- Transformation in Europe Name: _______________
Study Guide
19. Bourgeoisie means
20. Most of the commercial shipping in the world in the seventeenth century was conducted by the?
21. Like merchants in the Islamic world, European merchants relied upon
22. Explain what a joint stock company is and its significance to exploration.
23. What can be said of European peasants during the early Modern Era?
24. The Little Ice Age was a result of what?
25. What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation?
26. What were the positive and negative aspects of the iron industry?
28. Why was the Hapsburg family important?
29. In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose ?
30. Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by?
31. To ensure that his subjects did not resist royal authority, King Phillip II of Spain did what?
32. What was the Edict of Nantes and why was it revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV?
33. Why did King Henry VIII of England severe his bond with the Catholic Church? Result?
34. Why was the English Civil War fought, what was the result?
35. The Glorious Revolution and the English Civil War both started when
36. How is the Versailles (ver-si) Palace a sort of “theme park” of royal absolutism?
37. What the beliefs of English political philosopher John Locke?
38. The wars and devastation of the European early Modern era resulted in what?
39. How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?
40. Why did the Netherlands revolt against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s?
41. In the seventeenth century, what newly unified state was the world’s greatest trading nation?
AP World History - Mr. Mulford
mrmulford.wikispaces.com Liberty High School 1, 2, 3 – GO CHARGERS !!!