Name: ____________________________
Date: ______________
Period: ____
Honors Biology Study Guide
Unit 4: DNA structure, DNA replication, Cell cycle and MITOSIS
1. What is the ultimate function of a DNA molecule?
2. DNA molecules are made up of what subunit?
3. What are the three parts of this DNA subunit? Be specific on the sugar!!
4. Which two molecules make up the backbone of DNA?
5. What are the complementary base-pairing rules discovered by Chargaff?
6. What bond holds together the two strands of nucleotides in DNA?
7. What is the physical structure of DNA and who discovered it?
8. List off a timeline of the scientists involved in the discovery of the structure of
DNA from earliest to most recent.
9. What molecule is pictured in the diagram below?
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Name: ____________________________
Date: ______________
Period: ____
10. Using the base-pairing rules, complete the other side of DNA.
A A T T C G G A T C C G G T A
11. In order to replicate, DNA molecules must separate where?
12. What are the four enzymes responsible for DNA replication and what do they do
in the process?
13. Explain the process of binary fission. What types of cells undergo this process?
14. In order for DNA to fit inside the cell nucleus, when it is not in the process of
dividing, what form is it in? What protein aids in this? Be specific!!
15. What is the difference between DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, and sister
chromatids? How are they all similar?
16. What is a chromatid?
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Name: ____________________________
Date: ______________
Period: ____
17. Label the following diagram with the following terms:
a. Leading strand
b. Lagging strand
c. Okazaki fragment
d. DNA ligase
e. Replication fork
f. DNA Polymerase
g. Draw in Helicase where is should be found
h. 3’ and 5’ ends of each strand
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Name: ____________________________
Date: ______________
Period: ____
18. Label the following structure at the arrows with the correct term.
19. At what phase of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time?
20. At what phase of the cell cycle does the genetic material of a cell replicate?
21. Label the cell with the correct phase of mitosis and the correct number of
chromosomes that are present in the cell during that phase in the corresponding
boxes below the pictures.
Phase in Mitosis
# of Chromosomes
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Name: ____________________________
Date: ______________
Period: ____
22. Label each picture with the correct stage and briefly describe what is happening in
that phase.
Phase in
Mitosis
What is
happening in
phase
23. What is the purpose of Mitosis?
24. What types of cells in your body undergo Mitosis?
25. What is Cytokinesis?
26. Is the end result of the mitosis genetically identical or genetically not identical to
the parent cell?
27. Draw the cell cycle. Label all parts with correct name and describe what happens
in the step. (pie graph)
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