Chapter 43 Notes
How is a walled city like your immune system?
St. Malo
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AP Biology Agenda
1. Warm­Up ­5
2. Finish Respiration Notes ­10
3. Immune System Notes ­35
4. Immune System Graphic Organizer ­5
5. Immune System Practice Questions ­10
6. Immune System Reading ­25 7. Immune System Video ­If Time Allows
Announcements
Due April 25: Immune System Reading/Answers and Week 11 Spring Assignments
Thursday, April 24, 3 PM ­ 4:20 PM: Make up missed assignments/come in for help.
Thursday, May 1st: Unit 6 Review and AP Biology Test Prep 3:00 ­ 5:15 PM
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Chapter 42 Notes
4. Loading and unloading O2 and CO2
a) Controlled by partial ________________
b) O2 carried by _____________ (contains Fe)
c) CO2 is primarily in _______________ (HCO3‐) form
5. Adaptations of diving mammals
*High O2 storage, most of O2 is in blood, big __________. 3
Chapter 42 Notes
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review
Chapter 42 Notes
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Chapter 43 Notes
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Practice Question
The graph above shows the oxygen dissociation curves of maternal hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin. Based on the graph it can be concluded that
a. fetal hemoglobin surrenders O2 more readily than maternal hemoglobin
b. the dissociation curve of fetal hemoglobin is to the right of maternal hemoglobin.
c. fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O2 than does maternal hemoglobin.
d. fetal and meternal hemoglobin differ in structure.
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Practice Question
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Chapter 43 Notes: Immune System
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Chapter 43 Notes
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Chapter 43 Notes
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Chapter 43 Notes
Chapter 43 Notes: The Body's Defenses
I. Non‐Specific System
A. First Line of Defense: Skin and Mucous Membranes
1. Act as a physical barrier to ___________
2. Low pH in fluids ie) tears 3. ____________ ‐ aack bacterial cell walls
B. ________________ Line of Defense
1. Phagocyc White Blood Cells or ________________ a) ____________ ‐ abundant, but kill only once and “die”
b) ____________ ‐ become ____________ (“big eaters”)
c) ____________ ‐ contain destrucve enzymes in granules
2. Natural Killer Cells‐ aack body’s own infected cells
3. ____________ Proteins
a) __________________________ ­ helpers that lyse microbes
b) ________________ ‐ released by infected cells (an‐virals)
4. Inflammatory response via ______________ and prostaglandins
5. _____________ ‐ induce fever and inhibit growth of bacteria
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Chapter 43 Notes
II. Specific System (Immune System)
A. Basic Features:
1. Specificity ‐ One ___________ for every angen ( _________________)
2. Diversity ‐ Can recognize lots of different angens
3. Self/Non‐self Recognion (Figure 43.9)
a) Self‐Tolerance‐ There are NO Ag receptors for self (Excepon= autoimmune diseases)
b) MHC‐ Major Histocompability Complex also known as ______
(Class I or II glycoproteins on the cell surface)
4. _________________ ‐ Acquired immunity (remembers Ags) a) Primary Response ‐ _________ Selecon (Figure 43.6)
When angen binds, the lymphocyte divides ‐‐> specific effector cells are produced
b) Secondary Response ‐ Faster (Because of memory cells)
B. Immunity ‐ Acve (like ________ Shots) or ________ (Mom provides fetus)
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C. B and T _________________________
1. Originate in bone marrow stem cells
2. Equipped with __________ receptors
3. Effector cells are __________ (B cells) and _____________ T cells
D. Angen (Ag) –Anbody (Ab) Specificity (See Figure 43.14)
1. Abs recognize a localized surface on Ag (called an ____________ )
* One Ag may have several epitopes
2. Ab ___________ ‐ variable region (binds to Ag)
___________ ‐ constant region (part that "takes care of" Ag)
3. Ab may destroy by blocking Ag sites (__________________ ), by clumping proteins together (agglunaon), or by acvang the complement proteins that lyse the pathogen (Figure 43.16)
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Chapter 43 Notes
E. Humoral and Cell‐Mediated Responses via Lymphocytes
1. ___________ Response‐ Abs are secreted by lymphocytes as soluble proteins that work on toxins, bacteria, and viruses in body fluids
*B cells mature in _________ marrow
*Acvaon‐
Method 1‐ ______________ cells bind to surface receptors of Ags
Method 2‐
a) A macrophage that has eaten an Ag (becoming an angen‐presenng cell) is recognized by helper T cells which latch on to class ____ MHC markers
b) T cells that are acvated produce a specific Ag receptor
c) ___________ cells smulate B cells to make plasma effector cells
d) Anbodies are produced by the plasma cells.
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2. _____________________ Response‐ Lymphocytes destroy bacteria and viruses in host’s cells and fungi, protozoa, and worms
*T cells mature in the _________ gland ‐ Helper and Cytotoxic T cells
*Acvaon‐
a) MHC Class I and II markers are a “red flag” to T cells
b) Helper T cells bind to APCs and release cytokines (like ____________) which through posive feedback make more helper T cells
c) Cytotoxic T cells recognize class ____ MHC markers and release _________ to kill infected cells
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Chapter 43 Notes
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Immune Graphic Organizer Non­specific defense
Immune System
Specific defense
B cell
T cell
Humoral immunity
Cell­mediated immunity
Skin
Macrophage
Antimicrobial proteins Mucous membranes
Antigen Presenting Cell
Antibodies
Helper T cell
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Immune Graphic Organizer Non­specific defense
Immune System
Specific defense
B cell
T cell
Humoral immunity
Cell­mediated immunity
Skin
Macrophage
Antimicrobial proteins Mucous membranes
Antigen Presenting Cell
Antibodies
Helper T cell
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Reading 28
Immune System Notes
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Mr. Anderson Video ­15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3M0vU3Dv8E
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Exit Question
How is the immune system like a walled city?
Reminders
Due April 25: Immune System Reading/Answers and Week 11 Spring Assignments
Thursday, April 24, 3 PM ­ 4:20 PM: Make up missed assignments/come in for help.
Thursday, May 1st: Unit 6 Review and AP Biology Test Prep 3:00 ­ 5:15 PM
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