Confederation of Indian Industry
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management :
A Case Study Compendium
DISCLAIMER
This Compendium is the outcome of the information shared by various industries pertaining to
implementing water related projects with the involvement of the community. The Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) merely facilitated the publication of the Compendium. However CII does not vouch for the
authenticity of information contained in the Compendium.
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Message from the Chairman
CII Northern Region
Water is inextricably linked with every facet of human development. Its unavailability,
deterioration in quality and neglect drastically impedes the quality of human life. The finite
fresh water available is on the verge of depletion due to inordinate mismanagement and
lackadaisical attitude of the masses.
In the advent of a water crisis, industry will be hard hit and, it is, therefore, incumbent upon
the same to undertake pro active measures toward effective water management. Various
initiatives have been undertaken by the industry in “beyond the fence” with the involvement
of the community.
The CSR wing of industries are indulged in addressing the issue of water by way of
implementing need based project with the involvement of all stakeholders. I am pleased that
CII-Northern Region (NR) is publishing “Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management- A
Case Study Compendium” reflecting initiatives of the industry in making an effective dent on
the management of scarce water resources at the community level.
The overall activity of the core group was driven under the leadership of Mr Vipin Sondhi,
Chairman, Northern Region Core Group on Water.
The publication is the outcome of the endeavor of the members of the “Sub Group on
Projects” under the guidance of Ms Meenakshi Sharma, Head - Corporate Communications
& CSR, SABMiller India.
Other members of the group are Mr P C Shrimali, Associate General Manager, Hindustan
Zinc Ltd; Mr Vikas Goyal, Dy General Manager, Jindal Water Infrastructure Ltd; Mr Rakesh
Bhargava, General Manager, Shree Cement Ltd; Ms Dharitri Patnaik, Director Education,
WaterHealth India Pvt Ltd; and Mr Hariprasad Hegde, Vice President & Business Head,
Wipro Water.
The sub group has been instrumental in approaching various industries for sharing their
initiative in water management for publication.
This publication would not have been possible without the cooperation of the CSR wings of Ambuja Cement Foundation, A L Paper House, BOSCH Ltd, Coca Cola India, Reliance
Infrastructure Ltd, HINDALCO Industries Ltd, ITC Ltd, LUPIN Pharmaceuticals, PEPSICO
and Tata Chemicals Ltd, for readily sharing the information in developing the case studies.
We gratefully acknowledge Coco-Cola India and SABMiller India for sponsoring the
publication of the booklet.
May I invoke the entire CII fraternity to adopt these good practices and showcase how
industry is an effective partner in the optimal management of our resources
.
Harpal Singh
Chairman
CII Northern Region
I
Foreword
India's accelerated and continuous growth has led to an unprecedented stress on the finite
and fragile water resources that are on the verge of depletion on account of
overexploitation. Sectoral demands for water are growing rapidly in line with urbanization,
population increase, rising income and industrial growth. The poor management of water
calls for action by all stakeholders.
In the advent of a water crisis, industry will be seriously hit thereby affecting the economy of
the country. Industry which consumes 8% of the water resources has taken various
measures both “within the fence” and “beyond the fence” to ensure sustainable
management of the depleting water resources.
As a part of CSR activity, various industries have implemented water related projects with
the participation of the community. It is essential to disseminate this information among
other stakeholders to facilitate replication of such initiatives in accordance with area specific
requirements.
In order to motivate other industries, the CII- Northern Region Core Group on Water and
the CII Water Institute are publishing “Breaking the Boundaries in Water
Management- A Case Study Compendium”. The Compendium contains Twelve case
studies relating to rain water harvesting; rural drinking water; defluoridization; salinity
mitigation; direct seeding of paddy and integrated watershed management. The uniqueness
of these projects is the involvement of the community from the very inception, for ensuring
sustainability.
We hope the Compendium will provide a roadmap to various stakeholders on embarking
and forging partnerships towards sustainable management of our critical water resources.
Best Wishes,
Vipin Sondhi
Chairman
CII Northern Region Core Group on Water
II
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Executive Summary
The per capita availability of water is declining progressively owing to increasing population.
Accordingly, the per capita availability of water for the country as a whole has witnessed a fall
from 5177 m3/year in 1951 to 1654 m3/year in 2007. A UNICEF report on Indian water scenario
also indicates there will be intense competition over water amongst various stakeholders.
To address the issue of water, the CII-Northern region has formed a Core Group on Water to
look into various aspects of water management both 'within' and 'beyond the fence'.
Contributing to the efforts of the Sub Group on Water Projects, various industrial houses have
shared their initiatives on water, implemented with the involvement of the communities. The
following case studies have been captured in the Compendium :
l
Case
Study I - The initiative of Ambuja Cement Foundation reflects measures undertaken
towards saline mitigation and other benefits accruing in the form of improvement in
agriculture productivity in the project area.
l
Case Study II - The construction of water harvesting structure by A L Paper House in a
recurrent water scarcity area caters to the drinking and irrigation needs of the community.
l
Case Study III - Adoption of cutting edge technology has also led to provisioning of drinking
water in fluoride contaminated area with the assistance of BOSCH Ltd
l
Case Study IV- Coca-Cola demonstrates the efficacy of drip irrigation in water scarce
resulting in water saving to the tune of 1MCM.
l
Case Study V - Reliance Infrastructure Ltd demonstrates various measures undertaken for
harnessing the rain water for catering the drinking water and agricultural needs in Dahanu
l
Case Study VI - HINDALCO Industries Ltd has implemented integrated development of land
& water in poverty stricken villages thereby leading to improvement in social and economic
status.
l
Case Study VII - A symbiotic arrangement is demonstrated in the implementation of
integrated watershed management on a Public Private Community Partnership approach,
where by the community and the business house ITC are in a 'win-win' situation.
l
Case Study VIII - LUPIN highlights the importance of rain water harvesting as a measure not
only for salinity management but also catering to drinking water needs of the human
population.
l
Case Study IX - The initiative of LUPIN to restore traditional water bodies through desilting
of ponds has ensured all round availability of water in the villages of Bharatpur
l
Case Study X - PEPSICO demonstrates the efficacy of direct seeding of paddy in terms of
water management, productivity and addressing climate change
Study XI - SABMiller India : Innovative Natural Ground Water Recharge
Technologies at Neemrana, Rajasthan
l
Case
l
Case Study XII - Tata Chemicals Ltd initiative on integrated watershed management highlights
the relationship between comprehensive water management and its effect on productivity of
the land
The variety of case studies demonstrates the involvement of community and importance of
capacity building for ensuring the sustainable management of water resources. It also provides a
road map for the corporate sector and the community to work in cooperation with the
government to embark upon area specific water intervention measures.
Best Wishes,
Meenakshi Sharma
Leader
Sub Group on Water Projects
CII Northern Region Core Group on Water
III
Contents
S. NO.
PARTICULAR
1
Case Study I
2
Case Study II
PAGE NO.
:
:
Ambuja Cement Ltd - Salinity Mitigation and Water
Management in Junagarh
1
AL Paper House - Maintain Sustainable Supply of Water
in Villages near Sanganer in Rajasthan
3
3
Case Study III
:
Bosch Ltd - Safe Drinking Water
5
4
Case Study IV
:
Coca-Cola India - Awareness on Efficient Usage of Water
in Farming using Drip Irrigation
7
5
Case Study V
:
Dahanu Thermal Power Station - Water Availability for All
9
6
Case Study VI
:
Hindalco Industries Ltd - Land and Water Management
11
7
Case Study VII
:
ITC Ltd - Integrated Watershed Management
13
8
Case Study VIII
:
Lupin Ltd - Rain Water Harvesting Project
15
9
Case Study IX
:
Lupin Ltd - Rural Drinking Water Supply
17
10
Case Study X
:
PepsiCo India - Direct Seeding of Paddy
19
11
Case Study XI
:
SABMiller India - Natural Ground Water Recharge at
Neemrana, Rajasthan
21
Tata Chemicals Ltd - Integrated Watershed Development
23
12
Case Study XII
:
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study I
Ambuja Cement Ltd - Salinity Mitigation and
Water Management in Junagarh
Project Title : Salinity Mitigation and water management in Junagadh: A case story in water resource management
Industry Profile : Cement manufacturing. The Company possesses 5 integrated manufacturing sites, 6 grinding units and
3 shipping terminals. The gross annual turn over for 2008 was Rs.7090 Crores.
Background of the project : In the villages dotting the coast of Junagadh and adjacent districts the problem of salinity
had taken a serious turn about three decades ago. The serious nature of the problem of salinity was showing a detrimental
effect on all aspects of rural life making it unnecessarily arduous and reducing the quality of life. The situation became so
grave that villagers began seeking solutions and saw the need of taking constructive steps to curtail this problem. Thus the
project was started in 2002 and is being implementation presently too. The objective of the project was to reduce the
salinity ingress in and around the coastal regions of Junagadh, Gujarat and mitigate the ill-effects of this manmade problem
to improve the livelihoods of the rural people.
Problems/ Issues faced : To organize the villagers, convince them and motivate them for cooperation, participation and
support for making the same successful was a big task. The other challenge faced was that of land acquisition. For
construction of some of the structures required for the project, individual farmers had to sacrifice tracts of private land.
Naturally many of them were not willing to do so. To convince them, meetings were held to make them aware of the
essential nature of their contribution to the project and the benefits that would accrue to all community. After many
rounds of discussion and debate, these challenges were overcome.
Project partners : Besides the Government of Gujarat, Sir Ratan Tata Trust and AKRSP (I) were partners in the project.
Project Methodology/ strategy : The over all project plan was developed with the participation of the villagers.
Traditional knowledge about the local water resources, the monsoons, the soil quality etc was taken from them and ACF
added the latest scientific know-how, technical inputs, trained professional personnel and finances. The actual
implementation of the project was carried out by the people and ACF. The villagers contributed to the project in various
ways- they offered free labour, gave away tracts of their land, and in some cases even collected money as community
contribution towards the project.
Check dams were built in the seasonal rivers of the region to allow for better percolation and recharge of under ground
water. Existing village ponds were de-silted and deepened and inter-linked. Goma River, a link channel was excavated from
Panch Pipalava bhandara to Jantrakhadi village, and underground pipeline was laid from Shingoda River to recharge Barda
bhandara. The used mines of the Company were converted into reservoirs of water. These too were interlinked to
maximize water storage. Mine reclamation in this form is a unique feature of this water management project as there has no
other interventions like this in the area previously. Following activities done during the project:
S.No.
Activity
No.
1
Construction / Renovation of Check dam /Causeway / Dykes
153
2
Well Recharging
902
3
Percolation Tank/Village Ponds/ tanks/ Renovation/ De silting/Deepening
95
4
Percolation Wells
100
5
Construction of Waste weirs / Culverts / Bori Bandh
141
6
RRWHS Constructed
2103
7
Drinking water wells /Renovation of Saline Wells
68
1
Other interventions such as the promotion of micro irrigation systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation,
training sessions for farmers, demonstrations of multi and mixed cropping for the benefit of farmers were
also organized. These aimed at optimizing water utilization by the community members.
Fig: Inter-linking channel
Fig: Well Recharge
Fig: Mined out Pit with Water
Outcome: The project has given positive results / impacts in all social, environmental & economical aspects of life of local
community; few of them are as under:
Agricultural productivity has increased. Instead of one crop per year, farmers are able to grow three. Over
all agricultural productivity has increased by 1.5 to 3 fold with introduction of low water intensity crops and
horticulture. Total area benefitted is over 23,000 Hectare and total number of farmers benefitted
15,500.Family incomes have increased.
Table: Yield change for Panch Pipalava village
Crop
Pre-project yield/bigha
Groundnut
315 kg
Pearl Millet
700 kg
Wheat
Sugarcane
18 MT
Cotton
-
Post project yield/bigha
525 kg
1050 kg
1050 kg
35 MT
875 kg
Improved quality of drinking water has lead to improved health status of the population. Drinking of saline
water had caused kidney stones and problems of the bones. It is on the decline now.
Table: Water quality of renovated well in Muldwarka village
S. No. Quality parameter
Before renovation
After renovation
1.
pH
7.5
7.5
2.
Total hardness
2200
240
3.
Chloride
2650
225
4.
TDS
5000
600
Drinking water standard
6.5-7.5
300
250
500
The mined-out pits that converted into water reservoirs for
rainwater harvesting has increased the ground water level in
project area by 30 feet.
The project has harvested 1067 mcft of water and benefited an
area of 23,254 hectare.
Over the years salinity had caused a salty layer to form on the
surface of the soil. This layer reduced the fertility of the soil. With
improvement in the water quality this layer has dissolved and
consequently soil fertility and resultantly yields have improved.
Higher incomes due to crop intensity & introduction of vegetables and
horticulture along with right technology and cattle more productive, better
yield due to improved health.
2
Contact information :
Ms Pearl Tiwari
Director
Ambuja Cements Ltd
5th Floor, Elegant Business Park, MIDC
Cross Road “B” Off Andheri Kurla Road
Andheri (E), Mumabi 400 059
Email:pearl.tiwari@ambujacement.com
Tel : 022-40667000
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study II
AL Paper House - Maintain Sustainable Supply of
Water in Villages near Sanganer in Rajasthan
Project Title : Water Returns Maintain Sustainable Supply of Water in villages near Sanganer in Rajasthan
Industry Profile : AL Paper House is India's largest Manufacturer and Exporter of cotton recycled Handmade Paper and
Gift Paper Products
Background of the project : 17 villages from Sanganer and Bagru Taluks of Jaipur were selected on the basis of poor
availability of water. Groundwater is the major source of irrigation and drinking water in both urban and rural areas of
Rajasthan. Besides, it is an important source of water for the industrial sector. Being an important and integral part of the
hydrological cycle, its availability depends on the rainfall and recharge conditions. Till recently it had been considered a
dependable source of uncontaminated water.
IKEA being a responsible corporate organization decided to look into the water issues associated with the supplies of
goods from their suppliers situated close to Jaipur city. IKEA hired the services of
Problems/ Issues faced : The entire belt of villages falling under the project area is possibly the driest part of the Jaipur
district. The area is suffering from a disproportionately poor availability of water when compared to its day to day demand.
The situation has worsened over time due to a rapid increase in use-related parameters. The population growth rate in the
villages is also high. Demand for water for agriculture, sanitation and drinking needs has been growing apace. The supply,
however, has remained unchanged. The primary source is the scanty and uncertain rainfall, confined to just two months of
the year. The area can be categorized as semi arid, which implies that the area is suffering from recurrent water scarcity.
The rainfall in the area is not only inadequate, but also varies sharply from year to year. Consequently, droughts are now
almost a normal occurrence. Fluctuations in rainfall influence both surface and ground water availability. The water balance
analysis of the area indicates towards a moderate recharge of only 14%. Due to the dry climate, the evapo-transpiration
losses are very high (57%). The excessive pumping of groundwater is one of the major reasons for poor recharge in the
area.
Project partners:
l
IKEA (social initiative) Initiating and Funding organisation
l
Advit Foundation Facilitating NGO for implementation
l
Industry - A L Paper House
l
Village Communities - Beneficiaries
Project Methodology/ strategy: Advit Foundation designed a strategy for conservation of water resources in and
around the factories of their suppliers and in the villages from where a large number of labour forces come to
work in the factories. The project implementation plan included the following steps:
l
Community interaction for creating awareness and mobilization towards this project
l
Finalize the sites for 5 water harvesting structures in five most water scarce villages
l
Formation of Water User Groups in all the five pilot villages
l
Training
to field staff and representatives from communities for selection of site, collection of data for current
groundwater status and changes after the interventions, monitoring the construction of structures, managing
accounts and preparation of watershed plans
l
Construction of 5 water harvesting structures
l
Development of plan for program monitoring with the help of monitoring indicators
l
Preparation of watershed development plans for 17 villages
3
l
Sign the MoU with district authorities for implementation of watershed development plans
l
Handing over the project to communities and local Government authorities for implementation
l
Monitoring the impact of the project interventions and reporting to IKEA
l
Obtain
the commitment from suppliers in writing for construction of rainwater harvesting and wastewater
recycling structures
The activities like formation of Water User Groups and training to NGO and Water User Group representatives started
in parallel with the construction of five pilot structures. The watershed development plans were prepared after a detailed
field survey and meetings with village communities. The micro-watershed level implementation plans were prepared based
on norms followed by Government agencies. The process for dovetailing with Government owned programs also started
in parallel to the activity for construction of water harvesting structures. Dovetailing will not only help in maintaining
continuity to bring overall development of the villages but will also ensure sustainability of the program.
Fig: Various Water Conservation structure after construction
Outcome:
l
Formation of Water User Groups in five pilot project villages to manage their water resources
l
Mobilise community so that WUGs are formed when the watershed plan is executed in all the 17 project villages
l
Trainings to local NGO and Water User Group representatives for design and implementation of watershed
development plans
l
Training to Water User Group representatives to monitor the execution of five pilot structures in the 5 villages
l
Design and construction of five water harvesting structures at five pilot villages
l
Watershed development plans for 17 project villages
1.
Contact information :
Ms Charu Jain, Director
Advit Foundation
Advisor AL paper House
Tel : 91- 124-4309490/1/2 E-mail: charu@advit.org
4
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study III
Bosch Ltd - Safe Drinking Water
Project Title : Safe Drinking Water Facility at Goner Village
Industry Profile : The Bosch group is Germany based MNC. With a turnover in excess of 45 Billion Euro, Bosch is the
largest automotive technology provider in the world. In India, it is a public limited company headquartered in Bangalore,
with manufacturing facilities at Bangalore, Nasik, Nagnathpura, Jaipur and Goa. Its products range from diesel and gasoline
(petrol) fuel injection systems, starter motors and generators, special purpose machines, electrical power tools to security
systems. The company employs around 10,000 and recorded a turnover of over Rs 4,800 crores in 2008.
Background of the Project : Jaipur is one of the worst fluoride contaminated ground water district in Rajasthan as
ground water is the only drinking water source. Underground rocks (Fluorspar CaF2, sedimentary rocks, limestone, and
sandstone) are rich in fluoride contamination. This causes high fluoride content in the drinking water.
Problem : Fluoride level in ground water varies 2.5 6 ppm level in Goner & WHO limits 1ppm level in drinking water. In
rainy season, water contaminated diseases occurs but not recorded as any epidemic threat. Many, Fluorosis patients with
joint pains, pale teeth and white hairs in early age. Availability of water source in Goner village is:
Description
Existing
Quality
Availability
No.
Status
Period (in months)
Pond
1
Poor
6
Canal
0
-
-
River
0
-
-
Remarks
Rain water dries up in summers
One nala of contains industrial effluents
Over Head Tanks
2
Poor
All time
Open Wells
2
Good
All time
Bore wells/Hand pumps
10
No
12
-
Public Taps
0
-
-
-
Average
All time
Individual Tap connections 800
High Fluoride
Project Methodology / Strategy: Reverse Osmosis (RO) technique is used to treat ground water. The methodology as
follows:
1. Raw water supply from bore well/open well
2. Pressure sand filter cleaning
3. Activated carbon filter
4. Membrane cleaning
5. Blending
6. UV lightening
7. Final supply
5
Fig. 6 Safe drinking water facility at Goner
Fig.7 RO Plant
Project Partners: Its tripartite partnership between,
?
Bosch Limited, (Financial Partner)
?
Naandi Foundation (Technical & Social partner)
?
Community (Goner Village Panchayat)
Outcome : Local community is prevented from water prone diseases (i.e.). Dengue, malaria, typhoid etc. and different
fluorosis, as they are now getting RO purified clean drinking water.
Contact Person :
Mr K Ramamurthy
General Manager (Technical Engg. Functions)
Bosch Limited, SP-663, RIICO Industrial Area
Sitapura, Jaipur 302 022
6
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study IV
Coca-Cola India - Awareness on Efficient Usage of
Water in Farming using Drip Irrigation
Project Title : Awareness on Efficient Usage of Water in Farming using Drip Irrigation
Industry profile : The Coca-Cola Company, refreshing people across the world, more than 1.6 billion times a day, re-entered India in
1993 after the opening up of the Indian economy to foreign investments in 1991. Since then its operations have grown rapidly through a
model that supports bottling operations, both company owned as well as locally owned and in addition, includes over 7,000 Indian
distributors and more than 1.3 million retailers. Coca-Cola in India is amongst the largest domestic buyers of certain agricultural
products. As an industry which has strong backward and forward linkages, our operations catalyses growth in demand for products like
glass, plastic, refrigeration, transportation, and Industrial and agricultural products.
Background of the project : Area of the Project i.e. Kaladera Village in Jaipur and its surrounding areas are heavily populated
(Kaladera itself has a population of over 18,000 people). Besides employment generated from Industrial area, the only other economic
activity in his cluster of villages is agriculture. Presently no modern irrigation method is used by the farmers and almost entire irrigation is
through rainfall or extraction of ground water. The ground water exploitation is over 150% of available water.
Hence for sustainable livelihoods and environment/water resources, it is a must that farmers are able to use water efficient agricultural
practices like Drip irrigation, which has potential to dramatically reduce water usage and bring down exploitation of groundwater
resources to a sustainable level of 80-90%. Presently almost entire farming is based upon flood irrigation using bore-well etc. while Drip
irrigation is hardly ever used.
Problems/ Issues faced : In the process of creating Awareness on Efficient Usage of Water in Farming using Drip Irrigation, biggest
hurdle was the acceptance by farmers. Additionally successful model of PPCP - public private community partnership model posed
some more challenges:
?
Governance- building adequate levels of processes, codes, routines
?
Transparency- keeping all stakeholders appropriately engaged on all aspects of projects
?
Reporting/Documentation- ensuring capturing the best practices, leaving an audit trail, develop mechanism to communicate
with all parties
?
Ability to innovate- working on strengths of each partner to bring new ideas, better practices, cost controls
?
Costs control- manage within budgets and firm timelines
Partners in drip irrigation project and their roles:
?
Netafim: Technical Consultantion and implementation
?
Farmer: Partial seed capital, own labour and supervision
?
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd (Bottler): Funds and implementation
?
Coca-Cola India: Conceptualization, funds, bringing all stake holders together
?
KVK ( Krishi Vigyan Kendra): Identification of farmers, technological assistance, monitoring, propagating the best practices
?
Community/ Panchyat: Identification of farmers, monitoring, propagating the best practices
Project Methodology/ strategy: Propagate use of Drip irrigation, by establishing 200 such farms under PPPC model with the
following objectives:
?
Awareness on Efficient Usage of Water in Farming using Drip Irrigation
?
Establish 200 model farms of 0.5 hectares each using drip irrigation
?
Create a best PPCP model
?
Bring together all stakeholders
?
Face the challenge of acute water scarcity with innovative solutions
Drip irrigation system, if demonstrated effectively can become one of the most effective system of irrigation in a hot and dry state like
Rajasthan. The farmers practice flood irrigation in the area. Water used in agriculture is already over 90% of total ground water
available. Further most farmers are not able to take advantage of multi cropping, or irrigate entire lands available with them. Less than
7
average rainfall further impacts yield and productivity. There is presently very little effort of using water efficient technologies in
Kaladera area. The only effort, till 2008, was Drip irrigation in 27 farms supported by Coca-Cola India, which generated huge interest of
the community to replicate the same.
Drip Irrigation at Kaladera
Activities : Install 200 drip irrigation with individual farmers and popularize the same to motivate many more farmers to adopt the
same. Activities that assisted in successful implementation were:
A. Establishing the processes : Developing criteria for selection of farmers, short-listing of farmers, setting documentation
guidelines.
B. Assist in Technical : like Soil & water analysis, bore well with proper discharge, water supply tank, surface drip lines, cost of
Fertilizer, supervision, plants & labour etc.
C. Financials: Tied up financials and made farmer to have arrangement of appropriate location
D. Timelines for execution of the projects : ensuring the installation and commissioning of drip irrigation systems within 03
weeks from the date of confirmed order from each farmer
E. Warranty and maintenance : NETAFIN has given three years of warranty against the manufacturing defects and free
after sales service for two years
F. Documentation and reporting : Responsibility of the HCCBPL unit. Region PAC Manager of Coca-Cola ensured that a
report reaches CCI and other partners, every quarter. A reporting format was developed, which covers details such as
change in cropping pattern if any, water saved, fertilizers and chemicals saved, increase in yield if any etc.
G. Communication and showcasing of the drip irrigation project : KVK, HCCBPL and farmers jointly organize visits of
farmers to various drip irrigation sites to create greater awareness. HCCBPL organized media visits to generate positive
feedback amongst other stakeholders.
H. Budget and mode of funding : Capital cost of the project, proposed sharing of funds
The total cost of the implementation of 200 drip irrigation projects was approximately Rs. 195 lakhs. After offsetting government
subsidy and farmers contribution, our contribution (Coca-Cola India and Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages) was only about Rs. 50 lakhs.
Outcome: While Overall Impact is expected on social status, economic activity, agriculture, ecology etc. more specifically the
project has helped in :
l
Water saving to the extent of 1 MCM
l
Awareness on water conservation
l
Farming on non arable lands too
l
More than one cropping per season
l
Cascade the information to thousands of more farmers
l
Bring down ground water exploitation, potential to bring it down to below 100% in 2-3 years, if all farmers switch to drip irrigation
l
Increase in livelihoods
l
Increase in disposable incomes and resultant impact on health and education
l
Create a replicable PPCP model
Contact information :
Mr Praveen Aggarwal
General Manager- Head of CSR and Sustainability
Coca-Cola India, Tel : +91 - 9899927041
8
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study V
Dahanu Thermal Power Station - Water Availability for All
Project Title : Water Availability for All An Approach for Sustainability
Industry Profile : Dahanu Thermal Power Station (DTPS) is a unit of Reliance Infrastructure Limited, a constituent of the
Reliance - Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, is a fully integrated utility engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution
of electricity. The company is India's foremost private sector utility with aggregate estimated revenues of Rs. 13500 crore.
The company operates 500MW coal based Thermal Power Plant at Dahanu (Maharashtra).
Background of the project : Dahanu Taluka is a tribal dominated area. The CSR efforts are directed towards
improvement of health and education level of the tribal community. DTPS is committed to undertake socio-economic
development programs in villages in order to improve the quality of life of people (key community), most of whom (approx
70%) live below the poverty line. For the selection of Area, People, Process and Key Activities, a Key Activities
Identification Framework (KAIF) was used. With focus on the basic needs for tribal community Dahanu TPS has started its
CSR initiatives. So as to make available
l
Potable drinking water.
l
Storage facility to collect rainwater, which in turn improves the water table.
DTPS involved Local NGOs like Rotary Club, Govt. authorities, village Panchayat, etc for creating suitable platform for the
work. Based on the feedback from these NGO & Govt. Authorities Reliance Infrastructure has taken following types of
projects in the field of water conservation beyond its fence.
l
Implementation of drinking water system for village community
l
Implementation of water shed management projects with community involvement
Problems/ Issues faced : Major challenge was the permission required for the construction of Check Dams from the
Block Development Office. The tribals were very afraid of approaching the authorities due their own hesitation were a
major hindrance. Land requirement for both construction of check dam and bore wells was a challenge because they were
not able understand the long term benefits of the project.
Above all Government has its own different schemes for water development, but they were having their own priorities.
Project partners : The core partners were the Gram Panchayats and their residents. Block Development Office was
another partner for necessary permissions and community involvement.
Project Methodology/ strategy : In the year 2005-06 a holistic project “Water Availability for All” was designed and
discussed with the villagers as it was entirely a project with people's participation. A survey of the surrounding villages was
conducted. There after; having a joint inspection of many locations, 3 locations [1) Savata-Saravli, 2) Chari-Kotbi, and 3)
Asangaon-Wadade were identified based on the need analysis and development index of the local community. Location of
Saravali-Savata was approved for construction of check dam for a holding capacity of 0.135 Million cubic meter of water.
Along with technical inputs; fund was provided by the Reliance Infrastructure whereas voluntary labour was provided by
the villagers themselves. In the year 2006-07; check dams at Chari-Kotbi and Asangaon Wadade were constructed along
with eight weirs and 145 bore-wells. These bore wells were constructed in 42 villages covering a population of 49,980. In
the year 2007-08; 225 bore wells; 2 check dams at Chari and Raitali have been constructed. Apart from this, an over-head
water tank for providing drinking water to the devotees who visited the Mahalakshmi throughout the year. The total
capacity of this tank is 60 thousand liters with a height of 40 feet. The 225 bore wells have been constructed in 15 villages.
Campaigning : DTPS did various in-plant campaigns and training programmes with contract labourer them. It made the
rapport building in the villages easier. This ensured our penetration in the villages and increased participation. Also we
9
explain the teachers; students and parent teacher associations about the importance of Water Availability for All projects.
The other CSR programme of Health; We passed on the message to Doctors; Nurses; Community Health Workers;
Anganwadi workers; etc. All these support campaigns gave us a larger ground to implement the project in the stipulated
time frame.
Fig: Installed Hand Pump
Fig: Check Dam under Construction
Outcome : The community benefits are more qualitative like the people near the check dams have started taking two
crops in a year. Secondly the people who had to walk for 3 kms to get a pot full of water now are getting it closer to their
houses. This has addressed their health / hygiene and sanitation issues to a large extent. But something that needs a
mention is their positive attitude towards developmental issues. Even the gram panchayats now look for a holistic and
integrated approach.
S.No.
Location of the Check Dam
Storage
Beneficiaries
1
Savta Saravali
13.5 Lac cu.m.
24 villages
70,000
2
Chari-Kotbi
10000 cu.m.
3 villages
12,000
3
Asangaon Vadade
10000 cu.m.
4 villages
10,000
4
Raitali
5000 cu.m.
4 villages
15,000
5
Chari Dam -2
5000 cu.m.
5 villages
15,000
40 villages
122,000
Capacity
Total
Population
( Approx )
l
Increase in ground water percolation.
l
Water availability for agriculture purposes
they can take second crop now.
The check dam will provide benefits like,
l
Increase in ground water table
l
Increase in vegetation cover in the near by area
l
Round the year availability of drinking water availability from dam holding
l
Stoppage of salty sea backwater intrusion
l
Commercial fishing in dam holding
l
Dahanu Nagar-palika can lift drinking water from this dam which is only 6 KM away from Dahanu instead of from
Sakhare dam which is about 25 KM away.
Contact information :
Mr Prasad Rao
Vice President and Station Head
Reliance Infrastructure Limited, Dahanu Thermal Power Station
Village- Agwan, Dahanu Road, Dist. Thane, Maharashtra 401608
Tel : 02528-222429 ; Fax: 02528-222039 ; Mob : 09325118202
Email: prasad.rao@relianceada.com
10
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study VI
Hindalco Industries Ltd - Land and Water Management
Project Title : Life upliftment of villagers by Land and Water Management
Industry Profile : HINDALCO Industries Limited, Renukoot, UP is a company of the Aditya Birla Group, India. It is an
industry leader in Aluminum and Copper. A metals powerhouse with a consolidated turnover of Rs. 600,128 million (US$
15 billion), HINDALCO is the world's largest Aluminum rolling company and one of the biggest producers of primary
Aluminum in Asia. Its Copper smelter is the world's largest custom smelter at a single location.
Background of the Project : HINDALCO conducted a socio-economic study and Focused Group Discussions in
villages, which facilitated it to identify 16 villages for making them self sustainable. These villages are situated within the
vicinity of its plants in the states in Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. In the study it was found that these villages
were the most poverty stricken villages and having the domination of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and backward
classes. 70 percent of the population lives below poverty line with low buying capacity. The study revealed that poor land
and water management was the crux of the entire situations. Due to poor land and water management around 60% of the
land is either unused or underused. The farmers get hardly one crop and heavily depend on uneven rain in monsoon. Apart
from this 21% of the land is without any use and it also facilitates the further erosion of the soil from other field. These all
factors trigger us to take the land and water management project. Details of villages identified for project were as under:
Problems / Issues faced: In the initial stage, the community and Panchayats were reluctant to co-operate us. So it was
difficult to mobilize the resource from them. Secondly due to natural condition as mentioned before, the access to the
project villages was not smooth. The other existing facts were also, which can be delineated as:
l
Naxal prone area.
l
Political interference
l
Hilly terrain and scattered population
l
Prevalence of dogmas and social taboos
l
Poor infrastructure facilities.
l
Huge migration from these villages.
Project Methodology / Strategy: For maintenance part of the running cost for the long and continuous use, we from
the very beginning have designed a strategy according to which the village development committee along with the
beneficiaries decides the operation cost and payment of the Lift irrigation system, which is accepted by all. Generally the
charge is decided based on the hour use and the committee charges Rs.15-20 per hour from the user. They maintain a
separate logbook and accounts of the receiving, which is deposited in a joint account. Thus every VDC has sufficient
amount to maintain and repair the system. The committee also approaches to Panchayat and Govt. Officers at block level if
the need for different new projects comes in. We on a regular basis monitor the VDC and the project very regularly.
11
Project Partners : Various categories of partners involve in the project were:
Partner
Public Sector Institution
Name & Title
Institution
Proposed Role
District Horticulture
1.District Horticulture
Providing seeds of
Officer Divisional Forest
Department
High Yield Verities,
Officer DRDA Director
2.District Forest Department
Fruit bearing plants and
3.District Rural Development
Agriculture support.
Agency
Private Sector Institution
Civil Society Institution
Secretary
HINDALCO with Adhunik
Campaigning and
Uttpadak Sahkari Samiti Limited
technical support
1.BAIF Allahabad
Technical support and
2.Banwasi Sewa Ashram
social mobilization.
NGO Heads.
3.Shyam Sewa Samiti
4. Nav Chetna Samiti
Other
Panchayat, Village Development
Project
Committee and Self Help Groups.
implementation
Outcome: The project has intervened in the livelihood of the people. It makes the basis, which affects other important
aspect of life such as education, good food and buying capacity. This has impacted 39,642 people in food production, health
improvement and control migration. Some indicators are being put forth which can help to understand the impact of the
project.
Pre-Project Situation
Post-Project Situation
Mono Cropping
Double Cropping
Food availability for 6-7 months
Adequate food availability for all 12 months
Women involvement is society was negligible
Participation improved by 40%
Average Annual income was Rs. 18000/-
Average annual income raised upto Rs. 41000/-
Development for waste land was negligible
Approximately 155 hectare waste land has been treated under
social forestry (3% of the total waste land)
Low agricultural produce
Contact Information :
An additional agricultural produce around 7000 tonne.
Mr Manoj Kumar Sinha
Head CSR
Hindalco Industries Ltd
Renukoot, Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh -231217
Tel : 05446 - 252077-79
Fax : 5446 252107/427
Email : manoj.k.sinha@adityabirla.com
12
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study VII
ITC Ltd - Integrated Watershed Management
Project Title : Integrated Watershed management Project in Bundi District, Rajasthan
Industry Profile : ITC is one of India's foremost private sector companies with a market capitalization of nearly US $ 14
billion and a turnover of over US $ 5 billion. ITC has a diversified presence in Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards & Specialty
Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Packaged Foods & Confectionery, Information Technology, Branded Apparel, Personal
Care, Stationery, Safety Matches and other FMCG products. ITC's commitments in agricultural R&D and knowledge
sharing have spanned vital aspects of competitiveness efficient farm practices, soil and water management. ITC's
watershed development initiatives promote two vital objectives water conservation and soil enrichment, enabling farmers
to extend the cultivation cycle and return to multiple cropping. ITC supports 916 water user group (WUGs) in seven
states ensuring soil & moisture conservation on more than 43000 hectares of farmland, building over 2500 water
harvesting structures.
Background of the project : The agricultural sector is the major supplier of inputs for many ITC's business and farm
productivity is therefore an area of vital concern. 67% of India's cultivable land is subjected to server moisture stress for 510 months of the year. Ground water depletion is severe due to poor conservation and excessive extraction. Though the
country has good precipitation by global standards, nearly 90% is lost as surface runoff and only 10 % is harvested. In the
moisture stressed areas from where ITC sources agricultural produce, the protection & development of water resources
is therefore an investment for the common benefits of rural communities & its own business lines. ITC's Programme
deploys watershed development as a major strategy to achieve two fundamental objectives:
l
Water conservation and soil enrichment
l
Village based management of water and other natural resources.
Problems/ Issues faced : The project villages are located in an undulating terrain interspersed with small hillock. The soil
is stony, sandy clay loam with a depth ranging 30 90 cm. The climate is categorized as moderate with an average annual
rainfall of 400-600mm. Most of the rainwater is lost as surface runoff and the majority of the water bodies have been dry for
a long time, resulting in high agricultural costs and poor agricultural income. The area is rainfed and main source of
irrigation is open wells which irrigates about 20& of the land. Diesel-operated pumps and bullock drawn “Chadas” are the
main means of irrigation. Ploughing is generally done mechanically while seeding uses bullock or is through broadcast.
Crops were harvested manually
Project partners : ITC's integrated watershed development project in Bundi District in south east Rajasthan was
initiated in 2005 in partnership with BAIF covering 5 villages in the Hindoli Block
Project Methodology/ strategy:
ITC-BAIF's project mobilizes local communities into water user group and assist them to build revive and maintain micro
water harvesting structures and carry out soil and water conservation measures to reserve land degradation, provide
critical irrigation and raise agricultural productivity. The main project components were:
1 Soil and water conservation measures including the different type of water harvesting structures:
l
Water Harvesting Structures
l
Irrigation Tanks (Talai)
l
Gully Plugs
l
Chain Linked Gabion
l
Loose Stone Check Dams
l
Field Bunding
2 Adoption of improved agricultural practices including crop diversification and organic composting
l
Package of Agronomical practices
l
Vermi and Super Composting
13
3 Capacity building
l
Training
l
Farmer Meeting
l
Exposure Visits
l
E-Choupal Sanchalak Sammelan
l
Kisan Goshti
Fig: The Mamadev Talai in Vijaygarh
Fig: The Kharad Giwan Check Dam in Salavatlya
Outcome:
l
In the span of 4 years, 5 village watershed committees with 75 members and 15 water user groups have been
formed for management of the constructed structures.
l
16 Water Harvesting structures 6 check dams and 10 irrigation Tanks have been constructed between 2005-08
l
607 gully Plugs, 28 GI-Chain linked Gabion, 58 loose stone check dams were constructed. 22,011cubic meter of
field bunding was carried out, benefiting 4,044 households and generating 31,300persons-days of employment.
Fig: The Chain Linked Gabion
Fig: The Palambar Anicut at Fatehgarh
l
75 Vermi-compost, 45 Super Compost and 60 IPM demonstration were completed in the villages.
l
15 watershed management related training programme and 7 exposure visits have been organized.
l
The structures provide critical irrigation directly to more than 400 hectares in the command area
l
The creation of dead storage potential of more than 5 Lakhs cubic meter of water contributes to the recharge of
numerous well downstream, thus increasing the command area significantly.
Contact information :
Mr Jayant Kumar
Program Manager
ITC Ltd
Tel: 0141 2379958; 9928498949, Email : jayant.kumar@itc.in
14
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study VIII
Lupin Ltd - Rain Water Harvesting Project
Project Title : Rain Water Harvesting Project, Roopwas Block of Bharatpur District Lupin Case
Industry Profile : Lupin Limited, India has successfully positioned itself as a transnational Pharmaceutical Company, with
a wide global footprint. The company has an onshore and offshore presence with its products available in close to 70
countries. The company seeks the opportunity to serve society through the Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation
(LHWRF). It was set up on October 2, 1988 with the objective of providing an alternative model of rural development in
the country, which is sustainable, replicable and ever evolving. Initiating the programme of rural development within a small
number of 35 villages, LHWRF has now succeeded in revitalizing, revamping and recreating life in 2,200 villages in several of
India, which has led to LHWRF emerging as one of the largest NGOs in the country.
Background of the project : The Bharatpur district poses a challenges to human settlement because of extreme
temperature, erratic & deficient rainfall, very deep, scarce and saline water sources. With highest density of population and
prevailing high growth rate of population the per capita water availability is going to further reduce to alarmingly low levels
implying that the challenges for water sector are much more and severe in the area. So far, household needs are being
fulfilled by individual efforts in the district. Roopbas block of Bharatpur district is the most vulnerable in availability of safe
drinking water. It was alarming time to demonstrate how to harvest rain water that is going worthless from their roof tops.
It was decided that one Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) Structure should be established in schools, so that people may
replicate the same for their household purposes. At the same time Schools (Students) will get safe drinking water for
several months. Against the background the RWH project was initiated with following socio-economic objectives:
l
To develop proper social, cultural, scientific and spiritual attitudes amidst the rural community.
l
To instill
in villagers, especially women, children, youth and older people an urge and keenness to work for their
own development.
l
To develop an attitude towards living a healthy life and taking concrete steps in that direction.
l
To help create more job opportunities particularly for unemployed youth and women. To strengthen primary
occupations like agriculture and animal husbandry through higher output and value addition.
l
To strengthen secondary occupations such as cottage industry, handicrafts and service sector through quality
enhancement and wider market acceptability.
l
To create basic infrastructure facilities for the community such as:
l
Provision for drinking water
l
Building internal roads
l
Basic sanitation
l
Formal education
l
Community centers
l
Electrification
l
Training cum Production Centers etc.
Problems/ Issues faced :
l
Non-availability of potable water.
l
Depletion of Ground water table.
l
Sub soil water table of brackish water contains high percentage of salt.
Project partners : CAPART (Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology, New Delhi) supported
the construction of Rain Water Harvesting Structure in the schools. Lupin foundation has contributed in terms of technical
& financial support & the local community contributed by free labour service etc.
15
Fig: Rainwater Storage under construction
Fig: Complete RWH Structure
Project Methodology/ strategy : Project methodology can be divided into following phases:
Awareness Phase
l
Demonstration of Rain Water Harvesting Structure in the village.
l
Awareness generation among villagers regarding Water Management, Water Harvesting and value of safe drinking
water and women.
l
Awareness creation for school
Planning Phase
l
Collection of list of villages/schools.
l
Village Level Committee constituted for proper management and future sustainability of structure so created.
l
Awareness creation for school teachers and students on safe drinking water and maintenance of structure.
l
Strategic involvement of PRI's, Government departments and local leaders in the construction work.
Construction Phase
l
Selection of site
l
Close to school buildings but away from trees.
l
Having good drainage facility.
l
Accessibility to teachers and children.
l
Casting and plastering of water tank of 3000 litres water storage capacity.
Outcome : The project got a grand success and impacted in social, environmental & economical life of the surrounding
community. Now Lupin is extensively focusing on water management and demonstrating water harvesting all over the
Bharatpur district. Few of impacts are as under:
l
42 schools and villages benefited by provision of drinking water facility.
l
Awareness creation amongst community regarding the importance of water.
l
Contamination free safe drinking water for school children.
l
Motivation of community for sustainability of Rain Water Harvesting
l
Structure and its management.
Contact information :
Mr Vinod Kumar
Civil Engineer, Lupin HWRF
Tel : 05644-223023, 232437, Mobile: 9461694117
16
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study IX
Lupin Ltd - Rural Drinking Water Supply
Project Title : Sustainable Development of Taal Maharaja Badan Singh for Drinking Water Supply in Sinsini village of
Kumher Block of Bharatpur District
Industry Profile : Lupin Limited, India has successfully positioned itself as a transnational Pharmaceutical Company, with
a wide global footprint. The company has an onshore and offshore presence with its products available in close to 70
countries. The company seeks the opportunity to serve society through the Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation
(LHWRF). It was set up on October 2, 1988 with the objective of providing an alternative model of rural development in
the country, which is sustainable, replicable and ever evolving. Initiating the programme of rural development within a small
number of 35 villages, LHWRF has now succeeded in revitalizing, revamping and recreating life in 2,200 villages in several of
India, which has led to LHWRF emerging as one of the largest NGOs in the country.
Background of the project : The water was scarce and difficult commodity for Sinsini people. The villagers used to drink
water from 5 open wells located on the shoreline of the shallow pond which retains water only for 8-9 months. During
each summer, pond gets dried up which leads to drying of open wells.
The drinking water facility in the village was mainly from tube wells, tanks and hand pumps. These wells located on the
shoreline of Taal Badan Singh has sweet potable water, but poses a problem of water during summer and monsoon due to
drying and submergence respectively. The project was selected based on the specific problematic location and need.
Therefore, a need based project for harvesting rainwater with prime objective of drinking water facility.
Problems/ Issues faced :
l
Village was lacking potable drinking water.
l
Most of the deep aquifers below 50 feet upto 350-400 feet were brackish and unpotable.
l
The shallow aquifer dried up during each summer.
l
Burden on village on women on bringing water on their heads from distant wells.
l
Animal population also faced scarcity of water during summer when pond gets dry.
l
Open wells along shoreline of ponds was having no platform, hence proper facility of open lifting water.
l
During monsoon wells got submerged in pond water and later the pond water got mixed with well water.
Project partners:
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Community
Fig: Work in progress by engagement of
Fig: Maharaja Badan Singh Taal, Sinsini
17
People Participation
l
Creating Mass Awareness
l
Benefits of project discussed in open meeting.
l
People participation invited.
l
Village amenities and land use pattern studied.
l
Removal of encroachments.
l
Constituting of Work Organizing Commitee
Material & Method
l
Project Sanctioned at right time when the pond was dry
l
Encroachment issues dealt and removed
l
Machines & Equipments engaged because of engagement of labour in farming practices.
l
Village tractors used and JCB utilized for the task of excavation.
l
I.T.K (Indigenous Technological Knowledge) approach was given importance like catchment area and inflow
channels learnt from villagers and improved as per their suggestions.
l
Dykes were made heavy and wide to accommodate plantation.
l
Open wells raised beyond submergence level and their platforms constructed and protection bundhs prepared
for safety of structure with stone pitching to ensure proper working of aquifer and for prevention of
contamination of well water.
l
Wells renovated to give added importance.
l
Safety of Structure was given importance to ensure overflow and inflow working harmoniously..
l
Operation and Maintenance committee designed and formed to ensure that the benefits of the project are
reached uniformly to the target group without any discrimination.
l
Formation of Women SHG for rational usage of water and to raise funds from the community.
l
Plantation and Fish Culture group created for sustainability and improvement in terrestrial and aquatic
environment.
Outcome:
l
Became a guiding factor for formulating water policy.
l
Discovery of S & T solution for an abandoned resource.
l
Participatory approach successful.
l
Lesson of Small grant utilization for redressal of big issues and problems.
l
Optimum use of resources Land, Labour, Capital, Entrepreneur,
l
Supply of Quality Water in all seasons well from meeting health safe guards.
Contact information:
Mr Vinod Kumar
Civil Engineer, Lupin HWRF
Tel : 05644-223023, 232437, Mobile : 9461694117
18
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study X
PepsiCo India - Direct Seeding of Paddy
Project Title : Direct Seeding of Paddy to improve agricultural & environmental sustainability and improve farmer
incomes
Industry Profile : PepsiCo India is the Indian subsidiary of PepsiCo Inc, a US based company manufacturing food and
beverage products. The company came to India about 20 years back and its operations have grown rapidly. It is the fourth
largest FMCG company in India.
Background of the project : As per FAO, agriculture uses over 85% of India's water resources. In a year of low rain fall
the water table gets further depleted due to large water withdrawal by agriculture. Amongst the various crops, paddy alone
uses about half the water used in Indian agriculture. Hence, in order to reduce rapid depletion of the water table, it is
critical to reduce water consumption in paddy cultivation.
India grows about 130 million tons of paddy over about 108 million acres and is amongst the largest rice growers in the
world. Traditionally, India paddy is cultivated by sowing seeds in a small nursery, where the seeds germinate into saplings.
The saplings are then transferred manually into the main field and then grown with 4 - 5 inches of standing water at the base
of the crop for the first 6 - 8 weeks, mainly to prevent weed growth. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) avoids three basic
operations, namely, puddling (a process where soil is compacted to reduce water seepage), transplanting and standing
water, thereby saving about 30% water (0.9 million liters of water / acre).
Problems/ Issues faced : Since the direct seeding of rice was a complete departure from the current practice of rice
cultivation, PepsiCo India wanted to be absolutely sure of the results, before taking the innovative technology to the
farmers. Hence, the company carried out trials in their own R&D fields for two years during 2004 and 2005, and then
gradually expanding the trials in the farmer fields. During 2006 - 2009, the direct seeding acreage was gradually increased
from 20, acres to 6500 acres after being absolutely sure of the performance. It was important to train the Field Executives
who would regularly visit direct seeded farmer fields and guide the farmers on direct seeding.
As direct seeding of rice in the main paddy field would be extremely laborious, PepsiCo developed a tractor driven direct
seeding machine. PepsiCo bought many machines and offered farmers free access to these machines to carry out direct
seeding. PepsiCo has put in considerable financial and people resources behind direct seeding of paddy to make it a success
and is currently carrying out direct seeding in 5 states, including, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka, TN and Pondicherry.
Project Methodology/ strategy : The critical success factors for direct seeding are:
l
Proper seed germination, plant population and its geometry
l
Nutrition & management of micronutrient deficiency
l
Management and control of weeds
The various developments made during PepsiCo's R&D trials to manage above and farmer's fields were demonstrated with
precise & scientific agriculture of direct seeding of paddy under following actions:
l
Proper seed germination, plant population and its geometry
l
Development of Direct seeder : PepsiCo has developed a tractor driven direct seeding machine locally
with a specific seed-metering device used for sowing the paddy seeds. PepsiCo buys these machines, and gives
farmers free access to these machines.
l
Seed Priming : Demonstration of paddy seed priming performed by soaked in solution having fungicide and
antibiotics (Emisan and Streptomycin) for 15-20 hours. The seed thus treated is dried for 1-2 hours in shade
so that it can be dispensed efficiently from the machine.
19
Fig: Direct Paddy Seeder
Fig: Sowed Paddy in Row by seeder
l
Nutrition & management of micronutrients deficiencies
Paddy specific fertilization schedule as mentioned below has been followed:
Time of Fertilization
At the time of sowing
Fertilizer (in Kgs / acre)
Urea
DAP
MOP
Librel Zinc
Librel Fe
15
25
20
0.5
0.5
20 days after sowing
15-20
0
0
0
0
35 days after sowing
10-15
0
0
0
0
l
Management
and Control of weeds: Selection and application of post-emergence herbicides depends upon
the weed flora in the field. Timely application of post emergence herbicide is extremely critical to get good
management of weeds.
l
Methane emission reduction through direct seeding of paddy: Paddy cultivation with traditional flooded
irrigation is one of the main reasons for Methane emission in the country. The presence of biomass immersed in
water over an extended period leads to about 4.5 million tons of Methane being emitted from the paddy crop in
India annually. Since in direct seeding there is no water at the base of the crop, there is a substantial reduction in
Methane emissions.
Project partners: PepsiCo India worked closely with International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Indian Agricultural
Research Institute (IARI) and Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) on direct seeding of rice and kept them briefed on
progress / performance. IRRI has provided useful inputs based on their international expertise on direct seeding. The
farmers have been the major partners on the direct seeding initiative, and PepsiCo has worked closely with various
herbicide companies to ensure no weed growth in direct seeded fields.
Outcome: The harvesting of direct seeded paddy fields sown during 2008 has shown that output from direct seeded
paddy fields is comparable to traditionally irrigated paddy fields. With lower cost of cultivation, direct seeding results in
higher income to the farmers. PepsiCo has put in considerable financial and people resources behind direct seeding of
paddy to make it a success and is currently carrying out direct seeding in 5 states, including, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka,
TN and Pondicherry. PepsiCo will look at consolidating Carbon Credits for all direct seeded fields and pass these on to the
individual farmers, after recovering its own costs. Study revealed that:
l
Direct seeding over 6500 acres has enabled saving of about 6 billion liters of water, and has enabled improvement
in agricultural sustainability.
l
Since direct saving reduces need for pumping of water and reduces labor requirement, the farmer saves about
Rs1500 / acre in cultivation costs.
l
Since in direct seeding there is no water at the base of the crop, IARI studies are indicating that there is a reduction
in emission of Methane by about 70%. Hence, direct seeding will also help clean the environment.
Contact information :
Amit Bose, PepsiCo (e mail: amit.kumar.bose@intl.pepsico.com)
20
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study XI
SABMiller India - Natural Ground Water Recharge at
Neemrana, Rajasthan
Project Title: Natural Ground water Recharge at Neemrana, Rajasthan
Industry Profile: SABmiller is one of the world's largest brewers; SABMiller has brewing interests and distribution
agreements across six continents. SABMiller started its India operations in 2000. Today it offers to Indian consumers a
basket of world class brands that include names such as Foster's, Haywards 5000, Royal Challenge, Knock Out, Indus Pride
and Peroni Nastro Azzurro. A careful brand renovation programme, backed by highly proactive marketing support, has put
these brands on a growth path, placing them ahead of the industry.
Its Malt Barley Development programme called Saanjhi Unnati (Progress Through Partnership) in Rajasthan in 2005 assists
farmers and local communities in maximising land use and securing a good income. The programme has a membership of
over 7000 farmers.
Background of the Project: The Company has embarked upon a natural recharge project surrounding its brewery in
the water stressed region of Alwar district, Rajasthan in Northern India. SABMiller India recognizes that it is necessary to
involve water users in water management and that in order to ensure sustainability of water resources it is imperative to
address
l
Sustainable use of water resources including surface and ground water
l
Demand side solutions for water use including reducing water requirement through technology development as
well as efficient management
l
Supply side solutions including conservation of water through conservation and recharge. SABMiller India's water
management initiative in Neemrana region has been planned in recognition of the above.
Problems/ Issues faced: The recharge initiative assumes a greater significance in view of the fact that the overall
incidence of irrigation through groundwater has increased in the region further stressing the resource.
Project Methodology / Strategy: Water shed management and replenishment activities around the brewery.
Demonstration through low cost recharge structures, accompanied by community mobilization. The natural recharge
project in the water stressed region of Alwar district, is currently the largest in this region.
Three check dams in a wasteland area spread over a catchment expanse of about 120 hectar have already been constructed
to facilitate natural recharge. These structures are expected to recharge approximately 300 million liters of water a year.
The key strength of the demonstration lies in demonstrating a low cost technology enabling natural recharge (as against
artificial through recharge shafts, etc. Further studies are being conducted to identify more natural recharge sites within
the region to further augment the aquifer. Moving ahead work is on to develop a water management system involving all
users in the region where the brewery shares water resources with other users. This includes:
l
Development of a
complete water management plan
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Policy recommendations on sectoral allocations based on carrying capacity of the system
l
Water
balance model taking in to account present availability, use, needs and gaps in availability and needs, and
strategies for plugging these gaps
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Plan for water resource augmentation through conservation, harvesting and recharge systems
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Measures for enhancing water use efficiency for all uses
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Strategies for improving water quality in the available water resources
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Recommendation for sanitation systems
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Identification of needs for water related services such as resource augmentation and management, supply
systems, wastewater treatment, etc.
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Water resource augmentation in a suitable small sub-system, mainly small agricultural watershed
21
l
Development of community/user group based water management system in the above sub-system
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Enhancement of water use efficiency in farming, industry and residential establishments on a sample basis
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Treatment for improving drinking water quality
l
Sanitation systems for rural communities
l
Development
of service providers, particularly in agriculture and for residential areas and industries wherever
possible
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Development of multi stakeholder dialogue platform
l
Development of partnership with Government
Project Partners The project is being conducted in collaboration with the apex industry organization CII
(Confederation of Indian Industry) and a partner organization of CII, ACWADAM (Advanced Center for Water
Resources Development and Management) specializing in ground water management.
Outcome: This recharge will augment the local groundwater resources in the region. The structures will trap the water
that would otherwise have simply run off. Additionally, the objective is also to demonstrate low cost technology that can be
replicated on a larger scale.
Fig. Check dam before and after rainy season at Alwar, Rajasthan
Contact Person :
Ms Meenakshi Sharma
SABMiller India
9th Floor, Well Done Tech Park
Sector 48, Sohna Road
Gurgaon- 122001, Haryana
Tel : 91-124-3949999
Email : meenakshi.sharma@in.sabmiller.com
22
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
Case Study XII
Tata Chemicals Ltd - Integrated Watershed Development
Project Title : Integrated Watershed Development for community of Okhamandal Taluka of Jamnagar District
Industry Profile: Tata Chemicals Limited (TCL) is a global company with interests in chemicals, crop nutrition and
consumer products. It is the world's second largest producer of soda ash. Established in 1939 at Mithapur (in Gujarat,
India), TCL is a part of the Tata group. The company is a pioneer and market leader in the Indian branded iodized salt
segment and India's leading producer of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers. Tata chemicals established and promoted
“Tata Chemicals Society for Rural Development” (TCSRD) in 1980, initially conducting programs for relief and welfare.
Background of the project : Okhamandal Taluka of Jamnagar District in Saurashtra Peninsula is one of the most drought
prone regions of the country. Tata Chemicals accepts the entire Taluka as its home and has over the years worked with the
community, especially in times of stress. The project has followed an integrated approach towards water management.
The objectives were:
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To improve economic conditions of people through improved availability of water
l
To improve underground water quality and availability
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To arrest ingress of salinity
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To increase irrigated land area
l
To improve availability of drinking water.
l
To build capacities of the local people
l
To promote suitable low water use crops/cropping techniques
l
To improve green cover and promote indigenous species
As a proactive strategy to make Okhamandal survive and grow, a comprehensive project on Water Management has been
taken up under the aegis of Natural Resource Management (NRM) Theme. Tata Chemicals itself has pioneered water
management in its plant and township focusing on reuse, recycling and substitution by seawater.
Problems/ Issues faced: The project area was covered on three sides by seawater; hence underground water is saline in
nature, Soil strata was impervious in nature, percolation of rain water was difficult, lack of awareness among the
community & poor socio-economic conditions of the community.
Project partners:
Public institution
Name
Institution
Proposed role
DRDA
District rural development agency
providing funds for micro
water shed project
WASMO
Private sector
Tata Chemicals Ltd
water & sanitation
Providing funds for
management organization
drinking water project
Tata Chemicals Ltd
Providing funds for support
institution
activities like capacity building,
training contribution, funds,
dedicating volunteers for
the projects
civil society
Sir Ratan Tata Trust
Sir Ratan Tata Trust
institution
Others
Providing funds for salinity
ingression mitigation
Community
support activities, & funding
23
Project Methodology/ strategy:
1. Awareness about the project, its objectives, and concept of participation were created through village meetings,
awareness and exposure visits and training programs.
2. Participatory rural appraisals (PRA) were conducted to identify the needs of the villages and creating village action
plans.
3. Village level executive committee, were formulated with representatives from each community including women
members.
4. Capacity building trainings to the user groups and the committee members on account keeping, decision-making,
and project planning were imparted through implementation of a pilot entry point activity.
5. Water harvesting structures, water supply structures/ systems and structures for mitigating salinity ingress were
constructed. These include: check dams, water storage structures, Village ponds, diversion channels, subterrestrial dams and bandharas, farm ponds and farm bunds. Groundwater recharge is carried out through
recharge pits and recharge of wells. Additionally, roof rainwater harvesting structures were constructed to collect
quality drinking water. Drinking water distribution systems, construction of new wells, constructing bore wells
fitted with hand-pumps and creating structures that were exclusively for drinking purpose also form a part of this.
The last step was appropriate use of water and awareness drives, exposure visits to ensure sustainability have been taken
up in earnest. A process to establish water codes in the villages has also been initiated. TATA chemical's mass awareness
camps, workshops, gram shabha for creating awareness among the villagers. It takes the full responsibility of training the
employees & building the capability to handle the project once it gets completed
Outcome:
l
Social Impacts were as under:
l
Increase in yield from the agricultural lands, animal husbandry. & more areas were tapped for irrigation
l
By availing
drinking water at door step instead of collecting water from more than 1 km far (~ 3 hours/ day is
wasted collecting water from 1 km away). Women use the spare time to educate the children. This was
implemented in 8 villages
l
By implementing Rooftop Rain harvesting projects, villagers near coastal area were relived from usage brackish
water for drinking
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Increase in plantation of 9000 plants (FY 07-08) & bio diversity plantation in 75 acres (till date)
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Improvement in the health of animals by regular cattle camp
Contact information :
Ms Hemalekha Balu
Assist. Manager Technical services
Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur, Jamnagar, GUJRAT
Tel: 0289 2665292; Email: hemalekha@tatachemicals.com
24
Confederation of Indian Industry
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the
growth of industry in India, partnering industry and government alike through advisory and consultative
processes.
CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry led and industry managed organisation, playing a proactive
role in India's development process. Founded over 115 years ago, it is India's premier business association,
with a direct membership of over 7800 organisations from the private as well as public sectors, including
SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000 companies from around 396 national and
regional sectoral associations.
CII catalyses change by working closely with government on policy issues, enhancing efficiency,
competitiveness and expanding business opportunities for industry through a range of specialised services
and global linkages. It also provides a platform for sectoral consensus building and networking. Major
emphasis is laid on projecting a positive image of business, assisting industry to identify and execute
corporate citizenship programmes. Partnerships with over 120 NGOs across the country carry forward
our initiatives in integrated and inclusive development, which include health, education, livelihood, diversity
management, skill development and water, to name a few.
Complementing this vision, CII's theme for 2009-10 is 'India@75: Economy, Infrastructure and
Governance.' Within the overarching agenda to facilitate India's transformation into an economically vital,
technologically innovative, socially and ethically vibrant global leader by year 2022, CII's focus this year is on
revival of the Economy, fast tracking Infrastructure and improved Governance.
With 64 offices in India, 9 overseas in Australia, Austria, China, France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, UK,
and USA, and institutional partnerships with 213 counterpart organisations in 88 countries, CII serves
as a reference point for Indian industry and the international business community.
CII Headquarters
Confederation of Indian Industry
The Mantosh Sondhi Centre, 23, Institutional Area
Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003
Phone : 91-11-24629994 - 7
Fax : 91-11-24626149 / 24633168
Supported by :
CII Northern Region Headquarters
Confederation of Indian Industry
Block No. 3, Dakshin Marg, Sector 31
Chandigarh 16047
Phone : 91-172-2602365, 2605868, 2607228
Fax : 91-172-2606259
Breaking the Boundaries in Water Management : A Case Study Compendium
About CII Water Institute
Services Rendered
CII - Water Institute is a joint
of water at the national and state level.
Industrial Water Management
initiative of the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) and the Government of
l
Rajasthan.
l
The CII-Water Institute envisages
promoting comprehensive water
management strategies and acting as a
single point solution for water related
problems. For ensuring the sustainability
of the institute, the same will cater
variety of services relating to water
Water Audit
Training Programme on water management
Facilitating Implementation of “Zero Water
Discharge”
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Propagation of water saving equipments and devices
l
Facilitating PPCP projects in water through IBAW
Facilitate policy frame work at state and national
level for urban water management wastewater
reuse
management to the industry. The overall
objective is to address the critical aspect
Facilitate improved water and waste water
management in municipalities
Promote rain water harvesting in industry,
commercial and residential complexes
Promote water efficient devices
Events
Water Summit
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Water Award
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Water Investors Meet
l
Contact Details :
Confederation of Indian Industry
CII - Water Institute
C - 32, 1st Floor, Pankaj Singhvi Marg, Lal Kothi
Scheme, Near Vidhan Sabha,
Jaipur - 302015. Rajasthan
T: +91(141) 5112350 / 70
F: +91(141) 5112360
www.greenbusinesscentre.com / www.cii.in