BUILDING ETHIOPIA
SUSTAINABILITY AND INNOVATION IN ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
ZEGEYE CHERENET
HELAWI SEWNET
Copyright © 2012 by EiABC
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or any electronic or mechanical
means, including information storage, and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the
publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in review.
First Edition
Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development , EiABC
Zegeye Cherenet, Helawi Sewnet (editors)
Building Ethiopia : Sustainability and Innovation in Architecture and Design, Vol. I, 2012
ISBN 978-99944-993-7-3
Digital Impressions, Printed in Ethiopia, 2012
CONTENT
7
INTRODUCTION
>> ZEGEYE CHERENET | HELAWI SEWNET
URBANITY
15
NEST
NEW EMERGING SUSTAINABLE TOWNS >> FRANZ OSWALD
27
THE BURA NESTOWN
AN INTERVIEW >> FASIL GHIORGIS
33
ADDIS ABABA
EXTRACTING CHARACTER FROM VOIDS >> DIRK HEBEL | ELIAS YITBAREK
39
FOLLOWING THE DONKEY PATH
TAILORING AS OPPOSED TO WIPING OUT THE TRACE >> EZANA YOSEPH
43
URBAN PRIMING
PROGRAMMED BY THE ENVIRONMENT >> HELAWI SEWNET
49
BASHA WOLDE CHILOT
AN URBAN DESIGN >> EZANA YOSEPH | FASIL GHIORGIS | ELIAS YITBAREK
55
FIGURE-GROUND PLAN
MAPPING ADDIS ABABA >> FELIX HEISEL
56
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 1
RE-THINK THE CITY MASTER PLAN >> BENIAM ALI
CONNECTIVITY
63
WITHIN THE EDGE
URBAN SPATIAL INTERFACES FORMING & IN-FORMING THE STREETS OF ADDIS ABABA >> ADDISALEM FELEKE
69
WATER URBANISM
>> ZEGEYE CHERENET | BERHANU GEBREWOLD | WOSSEN GEBREYOHANNES | SELAM LEMMA | MICHAEL HAILEGABRIEL | FEVEN MERETE
77
INTERACITY LIGHTRAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS
ADDIS ABABA >> YUSUF ZOHEB
81
IGNORING THE SIGNS
THE UNOBSERVED THREAT POSED BY BILLBOARD CLUTTER IN ADDIS ABABA >> SELAMAWIT WONDIMU
87
WHERE THE STREETS HAVE NO NAME
>> YOSEF TEFERI
90
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 2
ELECTRIC VEHICLE NETWORK >> AMANUEL MENGISTU
TEMPORALITY
99
SANDBAG SHELTER-ADDIS ABEBA
SHELTERS FOR REFUGEE CAMPS IN ETHIOPIA (OGADEN) >> DIRK DONATH
109
REFUGEE SHELTERS FOR ETHIOPIA
>> MARTA WISNIEWSKA | BISRAT KIFLE | ADDISALEM FELEKE
117
NOMAD PUBLIC SPACES
BYPRODUCTS OF CONSTRUCTION SITES >> HELAWI SEWNET
123
SPACES OF TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSITORY SPACES
RURAL-URBAN INTERFACE
>> ZEGEYE CHERENET | BERHANU GEBREWOLD | ADIL MOHAMMED | ELIAS JEMAL | KALKIDAN WONDAFEREW |
TSION ADUGNA
139
PLACES OF TRANSIT
ENTRIES TO ADDIS ABABA >> ANTENEH TESFAYE
144
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 3
A DOWNTOWN CULTURE DISTRICT >> AMANUEL MENGISTU
MATERIALITY
151
BAMBOO EXPLORED
A POTENTIAL FOR URBAN ETHIOPIA
>> KARSTEN SCHLESIER | MICHAEL TESFAYE
157
DESIGN WITH MATERIALS
>> JOACHIM DIETER | DIRK HEBEL | INGO BECKER | KALKIDAN DEBELA | NEGUSSIE HAILESELASSIE | MULUKEN HAJU
169
MULU PROMISE PLAZA & VILLAGE
SUSTAINABLE, MODULAR, URBAN CONTAINER UNITS >> FELIX HEISEL | MARTA WISNIEWSKA
178
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 4
BUSINESS CUSTOMER SERVICE >> AMANUEL MENGISTU
ECONOMY
185
BUILDING THE FUTURE
THE APPLICATION OF LOCAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS IN ETHIOPIA >> DIRK HEBEL
195
SCALING DOWN
>> DIRK DONATH
205
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
>> BISRAT KIFLE | BROOK TEKLEHAIMANOT | HELAWI SEWNET
212
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 5
CHARTER SCHOOLS >> BENJAMIN PIPER
TECHNOLOGY
219
EARTHEN MASONRY VAULTING: TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TECHNICAL ASPECTS >> LARA DAVIS | PHILLIPE BLOCK
233
BUILDING WITH EARTH APPROPRIATELY
>> MELAKESELAM MOGES
239
MODEL MAKING AS A TOOL
THE AACM PROJECT >> BROOK TEKLEHAIMANOT
245
ORIGAMI
FOLDING STRUCTURES >> MELAT ASSEFA
249
STAIRS
AN ARCHITECTURE IN TRANSITION >> ZELEKE BELAY
252
HYPER-DICE
>> ZEGEYE CHERENET | BERHANU GEBREWOLD | RAMIAH LEMMA | LULIT SOLOMON | TIBEBU DANIEL | DEJENE LIRAMO
256
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 6
THE ESSENTIAL MOBILE TOOLKIT >> ADAM ABATE | ERIC CHIJOKE
SOCIOLOGY
263
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
A CASE STUDY IN ADDIS ABABA >> FELIX HEISEL
271
APPROPRIATING SPATIAL ACCOMODATIONS
>> BERHANU GEBREWOLD
279
MESKEL SQUARE
AN URBAN THEATER >> BROOK TEKLEHAIMANOT
284
7 IDEAS THAT COULD TRANSFORM ADDIS ABABA - PART 7
ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTIONS >> DAVID ROGERS
288
UPCOMING PUBLICATIONS
>>EiABC
290
ACKGNOWLEDGEMENTS
291
CONTRIBUTORS
294
COLOPHON
262 >> sociology
Kebele
RHA
private
NGO
informal
Small Houses / Sheds
71.48%
1.01%
24.16%
1.01%
2.35%
Condominium
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
0.00%
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
Apartment
1.52%
80.30%
18.18%
0.00%
0.00%
Public Space within the Building
A
CASE STUDY
IN/ ADDIS
ABABAApartment
Small Houses Sheds
Condominium
Haile Selassi
During Derg
After Derg
After 2000
Averageis a
What
Total
45.36%
13.08%
39.45%
0.63%
1.48%
Villa
17.78%
Total
38.19%
Orthodox conducted
Muslimby the
from interviews
Orthodox
Muslim
35.04%
21.13%
18.06%
25.35%
11.05%
15.49%
1 >> UN-HABITAT
(2008)
Ethiopia
12.94%
2.82%
52.17%
86.36%
Small Houses / Sheds
40.60%
18.79%
9.40%
6.38%
Condominium
0.00%
0.00%
13.04%
86.96%
Apartment
36.36%
7.58%
19.70%
0.00%
Row House
4.76%
38.10%
21.43%
16.67%
Villa
15.56%
35.56%
4.44%
11.11%
Total
32.49%
19.62%
11.60%
10.76%
1988
1982
1976
85.57%
13.76%
questions
0.67% this
Row House
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
100.00%
51.52%
59.52%
research
in its attempt
to
0.00% posed48.48%
35.71%
Villa
11.11%
73.33%
understand
15.56%
Total
55.27%
32.91%
dwelling
11.81%
some of the
the
typologies in the city of Addis Ababa. In total, 500 interviews were conducted in selected areas
throughout
city. To be able to compare the results scientifically, questionnaires set the basis
Material Main Bthe
uilding
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
for
discussions
on
the
use of 81.54%
space, life
in the
city and
personal
matters
of the26.67%
inhabitants.
Mud
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
54.01%
CIS A typology, defined as a 8.72%
0.00%especially
0.00%in archaeology,
5.49%
classification 0.00%
according to0.00%
general type,
HCB
2.35%
100.00%
57.58%
69.05%
64.44%
26.58%
psychology,
or
the
social
sciences
(Oxford
Dictionary),
in
architecture
refers
to
a
distinct
spatial
Ply Wood
1.68%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.05%
Stone
2.68% time or0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
4.44%
2.32%
arrangement
common for a certain
social group.
The way we
enter our
dwellings, which
Cloth
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
rooms
we pass through and in0.34%
which order;0.00%
all these 40.91%
habits are not
being questioned
as long
as
Brick
28.57%
4.44%
8.86%
Bamboo
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
we
move in our accustomed cultural
architecture.
Plastic
2.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.48%
Once leaving our homes, we encounter other distinct ways of living and housing. Usually
we
relate
these differences to other building materials and climates. But, by only looking at the
Material Extension
Small Houses /it
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House The fact
Villa that a building
Total
physical side of architecture,
is difficult
to understand
the whole
picture.
Mud
5.63%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
19.05%
6.82%
isCISconstructed from brick or from
not necessarily
between
69.72%mud does0.00%
33.33% determine
33.33% the relationship
61.90%
65.91%
HCB
1.41%
0.00%
33.33%
11.11%
19.05%
4.55%
kitchen
and
living
room,
or
how
the
house
is
entered.
To
understand
those
details,
one
has
to
Ply Wood
5.63%
0.00%
33.33%
0.00%
0.00%
5.11%
Stone for example, the specific
2.82%
0.00%
0.00%
33.33%
0.00% or the religion
3.98%
study,
qualities of the
traditional
food preparation
process
Cloth
2.82%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.27%
of
the
owner.
Bamboo
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Brick
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
22.22%
0.00%
1.70%
There are three reasons, why
Addis Ababa
is especially
interesting
for this research:
Plastic
11.97%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
9.66%
Firstly, according to UN Definition, 70 – 80% of Ethiopia’s citizens are living in “substandard,
slum-like
conditions”1 . Due to a very unique history and constant housing shortage over the last
Type of Dwelling
Houses / Sheds
Row House
Total
century, its citizensSmall built
most
of the Condominium
city informallyApartment
without building
permits.Villa
This makes Addis
Small House
86.58%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
54.43%
Ababa
a showcase for architects
who are willing
from the informal
sector.
Shed
13.42%
0.00% to learn
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
8.44%
Apartment
0.00% Addis
100.00%
0.00% haphazardly
0.00%
13.92%
Secondly, as an indigenous 0.00%
urban settlement,
Ababa developed
around
the
Condominium
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.85%
king’s
palace and the camps of0.00%
his generals. 0.00%
Over time, the
vacant spaces
to fill in, resulting
Row House
0.00%
100.00% started
0.00%
8.86%
Villa
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
9.49%
in
an urban pattern where the
wealthy and0.00%
the poor lived
side by 0.00%
side. Apart
from some newly
built satellites for the upper class, until today, this mixed residential structure has not changed.
Servants in the House
Addis Ababa fails toSmall display
the
degreeCondominium
of separationApartment
between housing
classes commonly
featured
Houses / Sheds
Row House
Villa
Total
2
0
90.27%
60.87%
50.00%
33.33%
13.33%
70.89%
in other major cities of the developing world .
1
9.06%
39.13%
48.48%
64.29%
68.89%
26.58%
more or less 0.00%
free from international
influences.
Not counting1.90%
the
2 Lastly, Addis Ababa is still 0.34%
1.52%
2.38%
13.33%
3
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
five years of Italian occupation, Ethiopia was never colonized by a foreign power. The Italians
4
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
yes manage to build a lot, but
9.73%
50.00%
66.67%
86.67%or architectural
29.11%
did
5 years are39.13%
not sufficient
to change
the lifestyle
awareness
of a country’s inhabitants. Unfortunately, during the last 10 years, Dubai’s influence
Stories
Houses / Sheds
Apartment
Row House
Villa and construct
Total
has invaded AddisSmall Ababa.
But
as theCondominium
research showed,
Ethiopians
still live, build
1
90.27%
91.30%
100.00%
28.57%
77.78%
85.02%
essentially
Ethiopian.
2
9.73%
8.70%
0.00%
66.67%
15.56%
13.92%
3
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Orthodox
46.36%
11.05%
40.43%
0.54%
1.62%
Cover Image >>
Muslim
43.66%
14.08%
39.44%
1.41%
1.41%
Collection of floor plans found
33.22%
typical Ethiopian floor plan?
1971
2004
1975
What is Addis Ababa’s housing typology?
Constructor
What
are the reasons
behind our design
decisions?
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
self-­‐built
contractor
These
Architectare
Villa
0.00%
11.11%
88.89%
0.00%
0.00%
Row House
11.90%
>> FELIX HEISEL
Year of Construction
Row House
2.38%
2.38%
95.24%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
1.05%
students
36.39%
42.25%
Urban Profile, UN-Habitat: Nairobi
1976
1977
2 >> UN-HABITAT (2010) The
Integrated Housing Development
Orthodox
Muslim
31.27%
36.62%
Program, UN-Habitat:
Nairobi
57.14%
53.52%
3 >> All following
numbers
and
11.59%
9.86%
statistics accoring to EiABC
Research, if not stated otherwise
Orthodox (2010)
Muslim
4 >> UN-HABITAT
The
54.99%
56.34%
27.22%
26.76%
Integrated 5.93%
Housing Development
4.23%
Program, UN-Habitat:
Nairobi
0.54%
2.82%
0.00%
5 >> DERG 2.70%
or Dergue: Provisional
0.00%
0.00%
Military Government
of8.45%
Socialist
7.01%
0.27%
Ethiopia (1974
- 1987) 0.00%
1.35%
1.41%
6 >> Ministry of Works and Urban
Development: Integrated Housing
Orthodox
Muslim
Development
Program,
Addis
6.47%
4.35%
65.22%
2.16% (2010)
8.70%
7 >> UN-HABITAT
The
5.04%
4.35%
Integrated 3.60%
Housing Development
8.70%
2.16%
4.35%
Program, UN-Habitat: Nairobi
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
8 >> Injera 2.16%
is the traditional
10.79%
4.35%
Ababa, 2008
67.63%
Ethiopian yeast-risen flatbread
made out of teff flour
9 >> A ‘kebele’
smallest
Orthodoxis the Muslim
54.72%
59.15%
8.89%
7.04%
12.67% of 500
12.68%
with a minimum
families
5.66%
1.41%
10 >> further
information,
EiABC
8.89%
9.86%
9.16%
9.86%
Movie: „Disappearing Spaces –
administrative unit in Ethiopia,
A day in the informal city“, Felix
Heisel / Bisrat Kifle, 2011
Orthodox
Muslim
25.61%
29.58%
71.97% (2010)
67.61%
11 >> UN-HABITAT
The
Integrated 1.89%
Housing Development
2.82%
0.27%
0.00%
Program, UN-Habitat:
Nairobi
0.27%
0.00%
12 >> UN-HABITAT
Ethiopia
28.03% (2008)
32.39%
Urban Profile, UN-Habitat: Nairobi
Muslim
13 >> AtOrthodox
the time of writing:
86.52%
78.87%
100 birr equivilent
4.25 €
12.13% to 21.13%
1.35%
0.00%
14 >> Ethiopia
Population
Census
Commission: Summary and
Absolut Numbers
Interviews
Small Houses / Sheds
298
Condominium
23
Apartment
66
Row House
42
Villa
45
Total
474
Statistical Report of the 2007,
Orthodox
Addis Ababa,371
2008
Muslim
71
sociology >> 263
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN ADDIS ABABA
a >>
The research was conducted over five different housing typologies in Addis Ababa:
Small Houses / Sheds, Apartments, Condominiums, Row Houses and Villas. Unlike Europe,
where typologies usually depend on the time and the architectural style of the period,
Ethiopia’s typologies seem to vary much more according to the income of the owner.
Comparing the floor plans of a 2-bedroom apartment from the time of Emperor Haile Selassie
and one from the year 2010, one cannot find big differences. Where Europeans distinguish
between, for example, a “Gründerzeit” and a modern floor plan typology, regardless of talking about a 10-story apartment building or a free standing villa, in Ethiopia, that alone is the
main typological difference. Interestingly enough, the floor plan and typology of a villa in Addis
Ababa does not seem to have changed during the last century.
VILLAS
b >>
c >>
d >>
A villa in Addis Ababa is considered as a freestanding structure within a compound of
several buildings. The average plot size ranges between 200 and 300m2; the main house
covering about 88m2. 77% of villas are single-story, although newer structures can have up to
3 stories and significantly more square meters. According to our data, 98% of villas are fenced
and 68% have additional security measures like guards or dogs.3
Traditionally the house is set back from the street to create a parking space and a small
garden in front of the house. Sometimes a veranda overlooks this area. An average villa has 9
rooms and houses 6.6 persons. In stark contrast to all other typologies in Addis Ababa, here,
every room is used for only one function throughout day and night. The front of the house
consists out of a living and dining area with an adjacent closed kitchen. In the back, 3 bedrooms
and a bathroom are connected to a small hallway.
Behind the house, one can find a service quarter with spaces for storage, the servants
and a traditional kitchen. Although 90% of all villas have a modern kitchen nowadays, almost
the same number has an additional traditional kitchen in the backyard. The preparation of
Ethiopian dishes needs an open fire in most cases. Since the servant generally uses the
traditional kitchen for food preparation, the modern kitchen is usually reduced to a show-case
space and the location of the fridge for drinks.
86% of villa owners have at least one servant to help with the washing and cooking chores of
the household. Not necessarily all of them live at their place of work. In many cases the servant
quarters or even the villas are rented as an additional income source for the owner of the plot.
But, regardless of their use, all villas are constructed with a second structure in the backyard,
this so-called “servant’s quarter”.
ROW HOUSES
e >>
f >>
264 >> sociology
Row houses and villas in Addis Ababa show similar characteristics. Set on a fenced compound,
the house separates the parking and garden spaces in the front from the service quarters
in the back. The biggest difference is probably the height. 70% of row houses have two or
three stories, whereas 70% of villas have only one. Row houses are generally built by housing
associations and thus, like villas, predominantly privately owned.
The most popular unit is a 3-bedroom house. In most cases one enters these houses, just like
villas, directly into the combined living and eating room, without the buffer of a hallway. The
kitchen can be found underneath the stairs that are leading to the private rooms on the top
floor. Upstairs three bedrooms share one common bathroom. The small hall in between is lit by
means of the staircase.
Square Meter per House
Small Houses / Sheds
23.83
Condominium
49.71
Apartment
53.17
Row House
76.19
Villa
88.20
Total
39.91
Square Meter per Room
/ Shedsof 4Condominium
Apartment
Row Hrow,
ouse multiplied
Villa along 2 or
Total
Usually, the urbanSmall gridHouses consists
to 8 identical
units in one
3
9.24
11.30
11.50
9.97
10.21
9.77
parallel streets. Talking to the inhabitants of these units, the most common complaint is lack
Square Meter per average
Person
of
space.
An
of 6.55 persons shares the 3 bedrooms, which explains why most of the
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
balconies are closed off and transformed
into
rooms. 13.49
5.11
14.58additional
14.38
15.08
8.51
While it is possible to find villas built from traditional building materials like mud and wood,
Access to Toilet
all row houses areSmall constructed
from Condominium
brick or hollow
concrete blocks.
Still
Houses / Sheds
Apartment
Row HouseThe reason
Villa is simple: Total
Compound
13.76%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
today
multi-story mud buildings
are an experiment.
At
the time 0.00%
of construction,
row houses
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
Private only be erected with more
8.72%advanced
100.00%
100.00%
95.24%
91.11%
41.35%
could
building materials.
Orthodox
39.00
Muslim
41.60
Typology Plan
a >> VillaOrthodox
Muslim
b>> Picture of9.80
a Villa and9.68
its typical
security measures
Orthodox
Muslim
c >> Villa with8.47
veranda space
9.68
d >> Rowhouses near Atlas
e >> RowOrthodox
House Typology
Plan
Muslim
9.16%
f >> Apartment
Block 11.27%
50.40%
47.89%
40.43%
40.85%
g >> Staircase
of Apartment
Building, Public and Private Use
Rooms have several Functions
Small Houses / Sheds
77.52%
House is part of a Compound
Small Houses / Sheds
APARTMENTS
24.83%
Condominium
30.43%
Apartment
34.85%
Row House
0.00%
Villa
0.00%
Total
55.06%
Condominium
43.48%
Apartment
1.52%
Row House
90.48%
Villa
100.00%
Total
35.44%
Unlike Europe, the value of an apartment in Addis Ababa does not seem to increase with its
Protection
height
above street
level. The view and
the feeling
of being above
the rest of
the city cannot
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Fence
0.00%
66.67% Most
37.78%
30.59%
outweigh
the problems that33.56%
appear with an
increasing0.00%
building height.
apartment blocks
Dog
7.72%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
0.00%
5.27%
do
feature elevators, although
building code
such for constructions
above
Dog not
/ Fence
7.05% now the0.00%
0.00%requires14.29%
33.33%
8.86%
21.74% pressure
54.55%
9.28%
5Guard
stories. Much worse though0.67%
is the low water
in Addis 2.38%
Ababa. The0.00%
city loses 30%
of
Fence / Guard
1.34%
39.13%
9.09%
4.76%
22.22%
6.54%
this alarmits
potable
every year due
in the communal
water0.00%
system4. Besides
Fence / Guard /water
Dog
0.00%to leakage0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
None
49.66%
39.13%
36.36%
2.22%
ing
fact, these holes in the system
also cause
daily water
problems7.14%
in buildings
with more39.03%
than
4 stories because of the low water pressure. Lastly, most inhabitants of Addis Ababa increase
Ownership
their income with Small micro-enterprises.
These businesses
highly Row depend
relationship with
Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
House on the Villa
Total
Kebele
71.48%
0.00%
1.52%
2.38%
0.00%
45.36%
the
public realm and thus passing-by
customers.
Since
most of the
micro-entrepreneurs
work
RHA
1.01%
0.00%
80.30%
2.38%
11.11%
13.08%
from
apartment correlates
directly
possibility
to address these
privatehome, the level of their24.16%
100.00%
18.18% with the
95.24%
88.89%
39.45%
NGO
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
clients:
the
higher
the
apartment
the
fewer
customers
can
be
attracted.
informal
2.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.48%
The architecturally most interesting apartment buildings in Addis Ababa probably date back
to
theSpace times
ofthe Emperor
Public within Building Haile Selassie (1940’s-1960’s). At that time, private investors had been
Small units
Houses for
/ Sheds
Apartment
House
Villa
Total
constructing housing
a freeCondominium
rental market.
Ever sinceRow the
nationalization
of all urban
33.22%
52.17%
86.36%
11.90%
17.78%
38.19%
land and rental units during the time of the socialistic DERG Regime5, apartment blocks seem to
Year of Construction
be
considered as stacked
small houses
to meet theApartment
housing shortage.
(80% ofVilla
apartment units
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Row House
Total
Haile rented
Selassi by the Agency for40.60%
0.00% of Rented
36.36% Houses,
4.76%
15.56% Most of 32.49%
are
the Administration
short AARH.)
them
During Derg
18.79%
0.00%
7.58%
38.10%
35.56%
19.62%
consist
units and a13.04%
lack of connection
between
of
After Dergof dark hallways, small
9.40%
19.70%
21.43% the inside
4.44%and outside
11.60%
After apartment.
2000
86.96%
0.00%
10.76%
the
These missing6.38%
social spaces
and connections
are16.67%
the main 11.11%
problem of today’s
Average
inner city residential high-rise1971
buildings. 2004
1975
1988
1982
1976
The average apartment size is 53.2 m2 and houses 4.77 persons. These numbers do not
Constructor
Small reality.
Houses / SWe
heds found
Condominium
Apartment
Row in
House
Villa apartments.
Total
necessarily show the
2 categories
of dwellers
Addis Ababa’s
self-­‐built
85.57%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
55.27%
On
the
one
side,
middle
class
singles
and
younger
couples,
some
of
them
just
welcomed
their
contractor
13.76%
100.00%
51.52%
59.52%
73.33%
32.91%
Architect
35.71% up to15.56%
first
child; on the other side,0.67%
an equally 0.00%
big group 48.48%
of families with
10 members11.81%
lives
in the same size apartment in very crammed conditions. In the second situation, we found
Material ain Building
all
the M
characteristics
of a typical small house or shed, simply lifted to an upper floor. Due to
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
the
functions during
night and
the hallways
are
Mud space shortage, rooms fulfill
81.54%different 0.00%
1.52% day and
0.00%
26.67%
54.01%
CIS
8.72%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
5.49%
made
part of the private spaces
as best as
possible. It57.58%
is not uncommon
to find
the inhabitants
HCB
2.35%
100.00%
69.05%
64.44%
26.58%
Ply these
Wood blocks cooking their1.68%
0.00% in the0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
of
traditional dishes
halls and balconies
due
to the lack1.05%
of a
Stone
2.68%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
4.44%
2.32%
traditional
kitchen. Public space
is usually transformed
into
day light hours0.00%
and
Cloth
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%a living room
0.00%during0.00%
Brick
0.34%
40.91%
28.57%
8.86%
considered
as storage space at
night time.0.00%
As discussed
earlier, due
to their4.44%
height, the upper
Bamboo
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
apartments
cannot utilize the2.35%
public realm0.00%
in the same0.00%
way a ground
might
be
Plastic
0.00%floor apartment
0.00%
1.48%
able to. Because of that, these blocks usually feature a wide range of shops, restaurants and
Material services
Extension on the ground and first floors.
other
Mud
CIS
HCB
Ply Wood
Stone
Cloth
Small Houses / Sheds
5.63%
69.72%
1.41%
5.63%
2.82%
2.82%
Condominium
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Apartment
0.00%
33.33%
33.33%
33.33%
0.00%
0.00%
Row House
0.00%
33.33%
11.11%
0.00%
33.33%
0.00%
Villa
19.05%
61.90%
19.05%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Total
6.82%
65.91%
4.55%
5.11%
3.98%
2.27%
h >> Apartment Typology Plan
Orthodox
Muslim
Orthodox
35.04%
Muslim
39.44%
Orthodox
30.46%
6.47%
9.16%
8.09%
6.47%
0.27%
39.08%
Muslim
36.62%
1.41%
5.63%
9.86%
4.23%
1.41%
40.85%
Orthodox
46.36%
11.05%
40.43%
0.54%
1.62%
Muslim
43.66%
14.08%
39.44%
1.41%
1.41%
Orthodox
36.39%
Muslim
42.25%
Orthodox
35.04%
18.06%
11.05%
12.94%
Muslim
21.13%
25.35%
15.49%
2.82%
1976
1977
Orthodox
57.14%
31.27%
11.59%
Muslim
53.52%
36.62%
9.86%
Orthodox
54.99%
5.93%
27.22%
0.54%
2.70%
0.00%
7.01%
0.27%
1.35%
Muslim
56.34%
4.23%
26.76%
2.82%
0.00%
0.00%
8.45%
0.00%
1.41%
i >> Teklu Desta
54.72%Apartment
61.97%Bldg.
f >>
g >>
h >>
i >>
Orthodox
Muslim
6.47%
4.35%
67.63%
65.22%
sociology
2.16%
8.70%
5.04%
4.35%
3.60%
8.70%
2.16%
4.35%
>> 265
11
2.01%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
1.69%
14
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
4
16.11%
8.70%
16.67%
7.14%
17.78%
15.19%
13
0.67%
2.22%
12
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.63%
15
0.34%
1.52%
0.42%
5
15.44%
13.04%
24.24%
16.67%
8.89%
16.03%
14
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
13
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
0.63%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.63%
6
12.08%
21.74%
7.58%
28.57%
22.22%
14.35%
15
0.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
14
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
17
0.00%
0.00%
7
11.07%
9.09%
21.43%
15.56%
11.60%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
15
0.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
18
8
6.04%
4.35%
9.09%
2.38%
6.67%
6.12%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
19
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
9
9.40%
4.35%
11.90%
15.56%
8.65%
18
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
20
2.38%
0.21%
10
2.68%
4.44%
2.11%
19
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
18
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Average
11
2.01%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
1.69%
20
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.21%
19
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%6
5.74
4.13
4.77 a massive
6.55 urban0.00%
6.60
5.68
In
municipal
authority
launched
renewal
program
12 2004/05, the Addis Ababa 0.00%
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.63%
Average
20
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.21%
13
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
0.63%
5.74
4.13
4.77
6.55
6.60
5.68
Average
in
order
upgrade the inner
parts of the
city. The 0.00%
scheme is known
as the
‘Condominium
Rooms per Hto
ouse
14
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
5.74
4.13
4.77
6.55
6.60
5.68
Small its
Houses / 0.34%
Sheds was
Condominium
Apartment
H
ouse Ababa
Villa
Total
15
0.00% 170,000
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
Rooms per HProject’
ouse
Housing
and
objective
to build
units Row in Addis
in just five years.
1
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
13.50%
16
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
Small Houses /21.14%
1.01%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Rooms per House
Although
this number
has not
been reached
so far,Apartment
a lot
has been
done.
On 103
building sites
all
217
27.18%
17.39%
18.14%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
13.50%
Small Houses /21.14%
0.00%
Sheds
Condominium
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
3
26.85%
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
19.83%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00% have been
0.00%
0.00%
2
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
18.14%
118
21.14%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%or are currently
0.00%
13.50%
over
the city, 51 of those in the
very center,
constructions
going
on.
4
14.77%
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
319
26.85%
4.35%
19.83%
2
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
18.14%
520 Basically, condominiums26.85%
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
can
of the apartment
typology,
with 19.83%
some
0.00%be considered
0.00% as part
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
4
14.77%
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
3
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
0.00%
6
2.01%
17.39%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
5
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
4Average
14.77%
21.74%inhabitant
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
very
important
differences
due
to
the
different
structure.
The
‘Condominium
Housing
7
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
19.05%
20.00%
3.59%
5.74
4.13
4.77
6.55
6.60
5.68
6
2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
5
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
8
1.01%
0.00%slum areas
17.78%
4.22%
7
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
19.05%
20.00%
Project’
is a city-upgrading program.
Accordingly,
former
are being
demolished3.59%
and
6
2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
9
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
8Rooms per House
1.01%
19.05%
17.78%
4.22%
7
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
19.05%
20.00%
3.59%
rebuilt
with condominium
this leads
to major
displacements
10
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
Small Houses blocks.
/ 1.01%
Sheds Naturally,
Condominium
Apartment
Row 19.05%
H
ouse
Villa of the former
Total
9
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
8
0.00%
0.00%
17.78%
4.22%
11
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
21.14%
1.52% feature
0.00%
0.00%
13.50%
10
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
91
0.34% But, the0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
inhabitants
living in these areas.
most important
of Addis
Ababa’s informal
12
0.00%
4.44%
2
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
0.00%
18.14%
11
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
10
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
but0.00%
the social
network that
these
17
0.42%
3sector is not the built environment,
26.85%
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
12
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44% within 19.83%
1.48%
11
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38% developed
13.33%
1.48%
Average
4
14.77%
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
12
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
1.48%
communities.
By
displacing
those
people
according
to
a
lottery
system
(the
idea
was
to
be
fair
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79
8.98
4.14
5
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
Average
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
6 everyone) throughout the2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
2.75 all of these
4.35 networks
4.68were scattered.
7.79
8.98
4.14
to
city,
Fortunately
realizing
Average
Square Meter per House
7
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
19.05%
20.00%
3.59%
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79
8.98
4.14
7
this
situation,
city is
now/ 1.01%
the 0.00%
system
in order
neighborhoods
Houses Schanging
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 19.05%
House
Villa together.
Total
8
0.00% to keep
17.78%
4.22%
Square Meter per Hthe
ouse Small 23.83
49.71
53.17
76.19
88.20
39.91
9
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Square Meter per House
10
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
49.71
53.17
76.19
88.20
39.91
Small Houses / 0.00%
S23.83
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Square Meter per Room
11
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
23.83
49.71
53.17
76.19
88.20
39.91
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
12
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
1.48%
Square Meter per Room Small Houses / 0.00%
9.24
11.30
11.50
9.97
10.21
9.77
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Square Meter per Room Small Houses / 0.00%
Average
9.24
11.30
11.50
9.97
10.21
9.77
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Square Meter per Person
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79
8.98
4.14
9.24
11.30
11.50
9.97
10.21
9.77
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Square Meter per PersonSmall Houses / Sheds
5.11
14.58
14.38
15.08
8.51
Square M
Meter eter pper er PHerson
ouseSmall Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H13.49
ouse
Villa
Total
Square Small H
Houses ouses // SSheds
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
H13.49
ouse
Villa
Total
5.11
14.58
14.38
15.08
8.51
Small Condominium
Apartment
Row ouse
Villa
Total
Nonetheless,
in
regard
to
the
relationship
between
units
and
the
public
realm,
the
same
probAccess to Toilet
23.83
49.71
53.17
76.19
88.20
39.91
5.11
14.58
14.38
13.49
15.08
8.51
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium Unfortunately,
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
lems
as for apartments.
for
condominiums,
this creates
Access apply
to Toiletfor condominiums
Compound
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
Square tM
oom Small Houses /13.76%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
o eter Toiletper Rbigger
aAccess significantly
problem.
In contrast
to
a family
that
moved
into
by choice,
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
Small Houses ouses //13.76%
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
H
ouse an apartment
Villa
Total
Compound
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
Small H
SSheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row ouse
Villa
Total
9.24
11.30have been
11.50
9.97moved
10.21
9.77
Private inhabitants of the condominium
8.72%
100.00%
100.00%
95.24%
91.11%
41.35%
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
many
blocks
displaced
or
from their former
Compound
13.76%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
Private
8.72%
100.00%
100.00%
95.24%
91.11%
41.35%
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
life
style
where
they depended
on micro-enterprises.
Square Meter per Person
Private
8.72%
100.00%
100.00%
95.24%
91.11%
41.35%
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Rooms have several Functions
Within an exemplary
family
in
Addis
Ababa’s
informal
sector,
the
wife
bakes
and
sells
5.11
14.58
14.38
15.08
8.51
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H13.49
ouse
Villa
Total
Rooms have several Functions
8
30.43%
34.85%
0.00%
0.00%
‘’injera’’
everyFunctions
day
asHouses the /77.52%
only
source for
the family.
years
Small Sheds income
Condominium
Apartment
Row After
H
ouse spending
Villa the last 55.06%
Total
Rooms have several Access to Toilet
30.43%
34.85%
0.00%
0.00%
55.06%
Small Hof
ouses /77.52%
Shedsin her
Condominium
Apartment
H
ouse
Villa
Total
on
creating
clients
neighborhood,
she canRow now
barely support
her family.
Small Houses /77.52%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
House is part of aa Cnetwork
ompound
30.43%
34.85%
0.00%
0.00%
55.06%
9
Compound
13.76%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
House is part oher
f a Compound
Operating
business inside a one-room ‘’kebele’’ house, she is forced to open her private
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
43.48%
1.52%
100.00%
35.44%
Small Houses /24.83%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 90.48%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
House is part of a Compound
10
spaces
street and
turn them
into
shop during
the day.100.00%
Private towards the
100.00%
100.00%
95.24%
91.11%
41.35%
43.48%a public
1.52%
35.44%
Small Houses /24.83%
8.72%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 90.48%
House
Villa
Total
Protection
24.83%
43.48%
1.52% but the
90.48%
100.00% of families
35.44%
The described Small caseHdoes
not represent
a singleApartment
incident,
vast majority
in
ouses / Sheds
Condominium
Row House
Villa
Total
Protection
Rooms h
ave s
everal F
unctions
Fence
33.56%
0.00%
0.00%
66.67%
37.78%
30.59%
Addis
Ababa. By displacing
families
these from their
accustomed
social networks,
the physical
Small Houses / Sheds like
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Protection
Small H
Houses ouses //33.56%
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 66.67%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
Dog
4.76%
0.00%
5.27%
Fence
0.00%
0.00%
37.78%
30.59%
Small 7.72%
SSheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa they may
Total
aspects
of
their
housing
are
indeed
improved.
On
the
other
hand,
in
this
process,
lose
77.52%
30.43%
34.85%
0.00%
0.00%
55.06%
Dog / Fence
7.05%
14.29%
33.33%
8.86%
Dog
7.72%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
5.27%
Fence
33.56%
0.00%
0.00%
66.67%
37.78%
30.59%
Guard
0.67%
54.55%
2.38% impossible.
0.00% According
9.28%
Dog / Fsource
ence
7.05%
0.00%
0.00% conditions
14.29%
33.33%
8.86%
their
of income, thus 7.72%
making a life21.74%
in the upgraded
to
Dog
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
0.00%
5.27%
House /i s art of a Compound
Fence Gpuard
1.34%
39.13%
9.09%
4.76%
22.22%
6.54%
Guard
0.67%
21.74%
54.55%
2.38%
0.00%
9.28%
Dog / Fence
7.05%
0.00%
14.29%
33.33%
8.86%
11 0.00%
official
figures,
the
new
owners
are
renting
out
70%
of
all
condominium
units.
The
generated
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Fence /
G
uard /
D
og
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
1.34%
39.13%
9.09%
4.76%
22.22%
6.54%
Guard uard
0.67%
21.74%
54.55%
2.38%
0.00%
9.28%
24.83%
43.48%
1.52%
100.00%
35.44%
None // G
39.13%
36.36%
7.14%
2.22%
39.03%
Fence Guard
uard / Dog to pay back49.66%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
Fence 1.34%
39.13%
9.09%
4.76%
22.22%
6.54%
income
is used
loans from the
down payment
for 90.48%
the
condominium,
while
the
None / Guard / Dog
49.66%
39.13%
36.36%
7.14%
2.22%
39.03%
Fence 0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
Protectionhave to move back into the “slums” to restart a micro-enterprise for daily survival.
owners
None
49.66%
39.13%
36.36%
7.14%
2.22%
39.03%
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Ownership
Typologically,
in
addition
to
all
the
discussed
points
for
apartments,
one
very
interesting
Fence
33.56%
0.00%
0.00%
66.67%
37.78%
30.59%
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Ownership
Dog
0.00% are
0.00%withRow 4.76%
0.00%
5.27%
Kebele
1.52%
45.36%
Small Houses /71.48%
7.72%
Shedscondominiums
Condominium
Apartment
ouse kitchen
Villa as part of
Total
change
can be observed.
Some
built
anH2.38%
open
the
Ownership
Dog / Fence
7.05%
0.00%
14.29%
33.33%
8.86%
RHA
80.30%
11.11%
13.08%
Kebele
0.00%
1.52%
2.38%
0.00%
45.36%
Small Houses /71.48%
1.01%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
living
traditional
Guard and dining room. Because
0.67%of the nature
21.74%
54.55%
0.00%in many cases,
9.28%
private
24.16%
100.00%
18.18%
95.24%
88.89%
39.45%
RHA
1.01%
0.00% of Ethiopians’
80.30%
2.38% dishes,
11.11%
13.08%
Kebele
71.48%
0.00%
1.52%
2.38%
0.00%
45.36%
Fence / Guard
1.34%
39.13%
9.09%
4.76%
22.22%
6.54%
NGO
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
private
24.16%
100.00%
18.18%
95.24%
88.89%
39.45%
RHA
1.01%
0.00%
80.30%
2.38%
11.11%
13.08%
the
new
owner
moves
the
kitchen
into
a
bedroom
to
create
a
closed
cooking
space.
The
lost
Fence / Guard / Dog
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
informal
2.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.48%
NGO
1.01%
0.63%
private
24.16%
100.00%
18.18%
95.24%
88.89%
39.45%
None
49.66%
39.13%
36.36%
7.14%
2.22%
39.03%
sleeping
space will be compensated
by a change
in furniture
in the
living room,
into
informal
2.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00% turning it0.63%
1.48%
NGO
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
CONDOMINIUMS
j >>
k >>
l >>
m >>
j >> Arial View Condominium Site
k>> Condominium Typology Plan
l >> Condominium Street View
m >> Condominium Circulation,
Public and Private Use
n >> Small House / Sheds Picture
o >> Student’s Sketches of
Small Houses and Sheds
p >> Small House / Shed Picture
q >> Small Houses / Sheds
Typology Plan
266 >> sociology
ainformal
bedroom
for tthe
night.
Public Space within he Building
2.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.48%
Ownership
Houses / Sheds
Public Space within the BSmall uilding
Small H
Houses / SSheds
heds
Public Space within the BSmall uilding ouses /33.22%
Kebele
71.48%
Small Houses /33.22%
Sheds
RHA of Construction
1.01%
Year 33.22%
private
Small Houses /24.16%
Sheds
Year of Construction
NGO Selassi
Haile Small Houses /40.60%
1.01%
Sheds
Year of Construction
informal
2.35%
During Derg
Haile Selassi
40.60%
Small Houses /18.79%
Sheds
After erg
9.40%
During Derg
18.79%
Haile SDelassi
40.60%
2000
6.38%
After D
erg
9.40%
During Derg
18.79%
Public Space within the Building
Average
After 2000
6.38%
After D
erg
9.40%
Small Houses / S1971
heds
Average
After 2000
6.38%
33.22%
1971
Average
Constructor
Condominium
Condominium
52.17%
Condominium
0.00%
52.17%
Condominium
0.00%
52.17%
100.00%
Condominium
0.00%
Condominium
0.00%
Condominium
13.04%
0.00%
0.00%
86.96%
13.04%
0.00%
86.96%
13.04%
Condominium
2004
86.96%
52.17%
2004
Apartment
Apartment
86.36%
Apartment
1.52%
86.36%
Apartment
80.30%
86.36%
18.18%
Apartment
0.00%
36.36%
Apartment
0.00%
7.58%
36.36%
Apartment
19.70%
7.58%
36.36%
0.00%
19.70%
7.58%
0.00%
19.70%
Apartment
1975
0.00%
86.36%
1975
Row House
Row 11.90%
House
ouse
Row H
2.38%
Row 11.90%
House
2.38%
11.90%
Row 95.24%
House
0.00%
4.76%
Row H
ouse
0.00%
4.76%
Row 38.10%
H
ouse
21.43%
38.10%
4.76%
16.67%
21.43%
38.10%
16.67%
21.43%
Row H1988
ouse
16.67%
11.90%
1988
Villa
Villa
17.78%
Villa
0.00%
17.78%
Villa
11.11%
17.78%
88.89%
Villa
0.00%
15.56%
Villa
0.00%
35.56%
15.56%
Villa
4.44%
35.56%
15.56%
11.11%
4.44%
35.56%
11.11%
4.44%
Villa
1982
11.11%
17.78%
1982
Total
Total
38.19%
Total
45.36%
38.19%
Total
13.08%
38.19%
39.45%
Total
0.63%
32.49%
Total
1.48%
19.62%
32.49%
Total
11.60%
19.62%
32.49%
10.76%
11.60%
19.62%
10.76%
11.60%
Total
1976
10.76%
38.19%
1976
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
Or
House is part of a Compound
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H13.49
ouse
Villa
Total
5.11
14.58
14.38
15.08
8.51
24.83%
43.48%
1.52%
90.48%
100.00%
35.44%
Access to Toilet
Protection
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Small Houses /13.76%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Compound
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
Fence
33.56%
0.00%
66.67%
37.78%
30.59%
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
Dog
7.72%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
0.00%
5.27%
Private
8.72%
100.00%
100.00%
95.24%
91.11%
41.35%
Dog UN
/ Fence
7.05%
0.00%Ababa’s0.00%
14.29%
33.33%
8.86%
By
standards, approximately
80%12 of Addis
dwellings are
considered
below standard
Guard
0.67%
21.74%
54.55%
2.38%
0.00%
9.28%
or
worse.
typology
within39.13%
these informal
of the city
are the so called
Fence / hGave uardsThe
1.34%
9.09% sectors4.76%
22.22%
6.54%
Rooms everal dominating
Functions
Fence / Guard / Dog
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
Houses Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse most4.44%
Villa
Total
“small
houses andSmall sheds”.
It/ is
impossible
to separate
these two,
since
of the time, both
None
49.66%
39.13%
36.36%
7.14%
2.22%
39.03%
77.52%
30.43%
34.85%
0.00%
0.00%
55.06%
SMALL HOUSES AND SHEDS
appear together. More than 70% of small houses have an extension that would be categorized
House is part of a Compound
as
a shed. Only a few
sheds actually stand
alone, and
represent
the poorest ofVilla
the interviewed
Ownership
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Total
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
24.83%
43.48%
1.52%
90.48%
100.00%
35.44%
inhabitants.
Kebele
71.48%
0.00%
1.52%
2.38%
0.00%
45.36%
After the nationalization 1.01%
of all urban land
1975 by11.11%
the socialist DERG
0.00%and housing
80.30% in July2.38%
13.08%
RHA
Protection
13
private
24.16%
100.00%
18.18%
95.24%
88.89%
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa given to39.45%
Total
Regime, all dwellings that used to collect more than 100 birr in rent were
the
NGO
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
Fence
33.56%
0.00%
66.67%
37.78%
30.59%
management
of AARH (see apartments),
all0.00%
units worth0.00%
less than 100
birr per0.00%
month were given
informal
2.35%
0.00%
1.48%
Dog
7.72%
4.76%
5.27%
Dog / Fence
0.00%
0.00%
14.29%
8.86%
14
to
the ‘kebeles’. According to 7.05%
the last Ethiopian
Census
in 2007, the
‘kebeles’33.33%
rent out 148,645
Guard
0.67%
21.74%
54.55%
2.38%
0.00%
9.28%
Public within tThis
he Building
Fence /S pace Guard
39.13%
4.76%
housing
units.
accounts 1.34%
to about 70%
of all small9.09%
houses and
sheds in22.22%
Addis Ababa;6.54%
the
Small Houses / 0.00%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Fence / Guard / Dog
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
0.42%
rest
less legal way
to the dweller
The rent 17.78%
for
these dwellings
33.22%
52.17%
86.36%
11.90%
38.19%
None belongs in some more or
49.66%
39.13%
36.36% himself.
7.14%
2.22%
39.03%
was cut to 10% of the initial sum and stayed at that level ever since. It is not uncommon to pay
Year of Construction
between
per
month
rent Condominium
for a ‘kebele’ Apartment
house in Addis
Ababa.
Small Houses / Sheds
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Ownership 5 to 10 birr
Haile Selassi
0.00%
36.36%
4.76%
15.56%
32.49%
Small Houses /40.60%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Out
of
constant
space
problems,
the
owners
developed
a
habit
to
extend
their
units
During 18.79%
0.00%
7.58%
38.10%
35.56%
19.62%
Kebele Derg
71.48%
1.52%
2.38%
0.00%
45.36%
After 9.40%
13.04%
19.70%
21.43%
4.44%
11.60%
RHA Derg
1.01%
0.00%
80.30%
2.38% to renovate
11.11%
13.08%
whenever
they could. This led
to a very distinctive
law:
It is forbidden
or repair
a
After 2000
6.38%
86.96%
0.00%
16.67%
11.11%
10.76%
private
24.16%
100.00%
18.18%
95.24%
88.89%
39.45%
‘kebele’
house
unless
the
situation
is
life
threatening.
Unfortunately,
this
regulation
did
not
Average
NGO
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
1971
1975
1988
1982
1976
informal
0.00%
0.00%
1.48%
stop
the constant extension of2.35%
living space 0.00%
in2004
‘kebele’ houses;
but it0.00%
did worsen
the condition
of
Addis
Ababa’s housing units a lot. Considering the small amount of rent, it is not surprising that
Constructor
Houses / Sheds
Condominium
House
Villa
Total
Public S‘kebele’
pace within houses
the BSmall uilding
most
are
short of collapsing
these Apartment
days.
Due toRow the
unsecure
situation of 55.27%
most
self-­‐built
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
Small Houses /85.57%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
contractor and a constant fear of
13.76%
100.00%
51.52%
59.52%
73.33%
32.91%
tenants
displacement,
as well as
the strict 11.90%
regulation 17.78%
on renovation,38.19%
this
33.22%
52.17%
86.36%
Architect
0.67%
0.00%
48.48%
35.71%
15.56%
11.81%
isYear not
about to change any time soon. If at all, it will change for the worse.
of Construction
Small Houses / Sheds
Material Main Building
Haile Selassi
40.60%
Small Houses /18.79%
Sheds
During Derg
Mud
81.54%
After Derg
9.40%
CIS
8.72%
After 2000
6.38%
HCB
2.35%
Average
Ply Wood
1.68%
1971
Stone
2.68%
Cloth
0.00%
Constructor
Brick
Small Houses / 0.34%
Sheds
Bamboo
0.34%
self-­‐built
85.57%
Plastic
2.35%
contractor
13.76%
Architect
0.67%
Condominium
0.00%
Condominium
0.00%
0.00%
13.04%
0.00%
86.96%
100.00%
0.00%
2004
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Condominium
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
Apartment
36.36%
Apartment
7.58%
1.52%
19.70%
0.00%
57.58%
0.00%
1975
0.00%
0.00%
40.91%
Apartment
0.00%
0.00%
51.52%
48.48%
Row House
4.76%
Row 38.10%
House
0.00%
21.43%
0.00%
16.67%
69.05%
0.00%
1988
2.38%
0.00%
Row 28.57%
House
0.00%
4.76%
0.00%
59.52%
35.71%
Villa
15.56%
Villa
35.56%
26.67%
4.44%
0.00%
11.11%
64.44%
0.00%
1982
4.44%
0.00%
4.44%
Villa
0.00%
11.11%
0.00%
73.33%
15.56%
Total
32.49%
Total
19.62%
54.01%
11.60%
5.49%
10.76%
26.58%
1.05%
1976
2.32%
0.00%
8.86%
Total
0.21%
55.27%
1.48%
32.91%
11.81%
Material Extension
an average
of 5.7 persons.
Because
The
average small house or shed isCondominium
24m2 and houses
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Material Main Building Small Houses / Sheds
Mudspace limitations,
0.00% several
0.00%
0.00%
19.05%
6.82%
Small 77%
Houses Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row functions,
H
ouse
Villa
Total
of
of/ 5.63%
all rooms
serve
different
whereas
the most
CIS
69.72%
0.00%
33.33%
33.33%
61.90%
65.91%
Mud
81.54%
1.52%
0.00%
26.67%
54.01%
common
combination is a change
the course
of the day. In5.49%
the
HCB
1.41%
0.00%to bedroom
33.33%
19.05%
4.55%
CIS
8.72% from living
0.00% during11.11%
0.00%
0.00%
Ply 0.00%
33.33%
0.00% such
0.00%
5.11%
HCBWood
2.35%
100.00%
57.58%
69.05%
64.44%
26.58%
day,
33% of the dwellers turn5.63%
their private
spaces into
public functionsas shops, bars
or
Stone
2.82%
0.00%
33.33%
3.98%
Ply Wood
1.68%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.05%
restaurants.
In the hunt for some
owners divided
one room ‘kebele’
Cloth
2.82%
0.00% of these
0.00% their 4.44%
0.00%
2.27%
Stone
2.68%privacy, most
0.00%
2.38%
2.32%
Bamboo
0.00%
0.00%
Cloth
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
house
into
several
compartments.
Most
of
the
time
this
separation
is
temporary
and
changes
Brick
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
22.22%
0.00%
1.70%
0.34%
0.00%
40.91%
28.57%
4.44%
8.86%
Plastic
0.00% of a curtain.
9.66%
Bamboo
0.34%
0.00%
0.00% you can
0.00%also find walls
0.21%
between
day and night, for 11.97%
example
by means
Although
Plastic
2.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.48%
from mud or plywood as dividers.
Type 88%
of Dwelling
of all small houses and sheds are constructed from “chika”, the traditional mud and
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Material Extension
wood
construction
technique.
This Condominium
figure,0.00%
in combination
the
Small House
0.00% with
0.00%
0.00%
54.43%
Small Houses /86.58%
Sheds
Apartment
Row H
ouse fact, that
Villa 60% of these
Total
Shed
0.00%
0.00% a good image
8.44%
14
Mud
5.63% and 80%
0.00% earth0.00%
19.05%
6.82%
buildings
are older than 50 13.42%
years
have rammed
floors, paints
Apartment
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
0.00%
13.92%
CIS
69.72%
33.33%
33.33%
61.90%
65.91%
of
informal sector
Ababa. The
first owners,
Condominium
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00% together with
4.85%
HCBthe housing standard in the
1.41%
0.00% of Addis
33.33%
11.11%
19.05%
4.55%
Row ouse
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
8.86%
Ply WHood
5.63%
33.33%
0.00%
0.00%
5.11%
some
of their friends, have constructed
the
vast majority
of these
buildings.
In a sector 3.98%
that
Villa
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
9.49%
Stone
2.82%
0.00%
33.33%
0.00%
Cloth
0.00%
0.00%buildings have
2.27%
covers
80% of the city, 85% of2.82%
the buildings0.00%
are self-built.
Basically 0.00%
none of these
Bamboo
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
been
A very interesting
phenomenon
architecturally
is the extension
Servants in the Houseby an architect.
Brick designed
0.00%
100.00%
0.00%
22.22%
0.00%
1.70%
Plastic
11.97%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
9.66%
Houses /houses.
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
of
space within theSmall ’kebele’
0
1
2Type of Dwelling
3
4Small House
Shed
yes
Apartment
90.27%
9.06%
0.34%
Small Houses / 0.00%
Sheds
86.58%
0.34%
13.42%
9.73%
0.00%
60.87%
39.13%
0.00%
Condominium
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
39.13%
0.00%
50.00%
48.48%
1.52%
Apartment
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
33.33%
64.29%
2.38%
Row H
ouse
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
66.67%
0.00%
13.33%
68.89%
13.33%
Villa
4.44%
0.00%
0.00%
86.67%
0.00%
70.89%
26.58%
1.90%
Total
0.42%
54.43%
0.21%
8.44%
29.11%
13.92%
n >>
o1 >>
o2 >>
p >>
q >>
Orthodox
Orthodox
8.47
35.04%
Muslim
Muslim
9.68
39.44%
Orthodox
Orthodox
9.16%
30.46%
50.40%
6.47%
40.43%
9.16%
8.09%
6.47%
0.27%
Orthodox
39.08%
54.72%
Muslim
Muslim
11.27%
36.62%
47.89%
1.41%
40.85%
5.63%
9.86%
4.23%
1.41%
Muslim
40.85%
61.97%
Orthodox
Orthodox
35.04%
46.36%
11.05%
40.43%
Orthodox
0.54%
30.46%
1.62%
6.47%
9.16%
8.09%
6.47%
Orthodox
0.27%
36.39%
39.08%
Muslim
Muslim
39.44%
43.66%
14.08%
39.44%
Muslim
1.41%
36.62%
1.41%
5.63%
9.86%
4.23%
Muslim
1.41%
42.25%
40.85%
Orthodox
35.04%
Orthodox
18.06%
46.36%
11.05%
12.94%
40.43%
0.54%
1976
1.62%
Muslim
21.13%
Muslim
25.35%
43.66%
15.49%
14.08%
2.82%
39.44%
1.41%
1977
1.41%
Orthodox
57.14%
Orthodox
31.27%
36.39%
11.59%
Muslim
53.52%
Muslim
36.62%
42.25%
9.86%
Orthodox
35.04%
Orthodox
18.06%
54.99%
11.05%
5.93%
12.94%
27.22%
0.54%
1976
2.70%
0.00%
7.01%
Orthodox
0.27%
57.14%
1.35%
31.27%
11.59%
Muslim
21.13%
Muslim
25.35%
56.34%
15.49%
4.23%
2.82%
26.76%
2.82%
1977
0.00%
0.00%
8.45%
Muslim
0.00%
53.52%
1.41%
36.62%
9.86%
Orthodox
6.47%
Orthodox
67.63%
54.99%
2.16%
5.93%
5.04%
27.22%
3.60%
0.54%
2.16%
2.70%
0.00%
2.16%
7.01%
10.79%
0.27%
1.35%
Muslim
4.35%
Muslim
65.22%
56.34%
8.70%
4.23%
4.35%
26.76%
8.70%
2.82%
4.35%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
8.45%
4.35%
0.00%
1.41%
Orthodox
Muslim
54.72%
59.15%
Orthodox
Muslim
8.89%
7.04%
6.47%
4.35%
12.67%
12.68%
67.63%
65.22%
5.66%
1.41%
2.16%
8.70%
8.89%
9.86%
5.04%
4.35%
9.16%
9.86%
3.60%
8.70%
2.16%
4.35%
0.00%
0.00%
2.16%
0.00%
10.79%
4.35%
Orthodox
Muslim
71.97%
67.61%
25.61%
29.58%
1.89%
2.82%
sociology
Orthodox
Muslim
0.27%
0.00%
54.72%
59.15%
0.27%
0.00%
8.89%
7.04%
28.03%
32.39%
12.67%
12.68%
>> 267
Religion
Small Houses / Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row House
Villa
Total
Christian orthodox
79.19%
91.30%
71.21%
78.57%
75.56%
78.27%
Christian protestant
3.36%
4.35%
6.06%
2.38%
6.67%
4.01%
Christian katholic
0.00%
0.42%
Since
it is forbidden to make0.00%
adjustments,0.00%
the house3.03%
owners found
several0.00%
different ways
to
Muslim
15.77%
4.35%
13.64%
16.67%
15.56%
14.98%
Appostolic the
Church
0.34% it visible
0.00%
double
space without making
from the 0.00%
outside. One0.00%
method 0.00%
is to dig down0.21%
and
Hindu
0.00%
0.00%
3.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
create
the house. This
floor heights
then
Pagan a second level within0.00%
0.00% creates1.52%
2.38%of usually
0.00%not more 0.21%
Atheist or less. Generally, the first
0.00%floor will be
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%and storage
0.21%
1.60m
used as a0.00%
living quarter,
while beds
are
Jhovian
1.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
0.21%
Religion
moved to the newSmall firstHouses floor./ SIn
someCondominium
cases, the vertical
extension
is done simply
heds
Apartment
Row House
Villa by extending
Total
r >>
s1 >>
s2 >>
s3 >>
s4 >>
s5 >>
268 >> sociology
the
roof.
This new first floor has the Amharic name “kot” and is most commonly seen in the
Family Status
Christian orthodox
79.19%
91.30%
71.21%
78.57%
75.56%
78.27%
Small Houses /the
3.36%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Christian merkato
protestant area,
4.35%
6.06%
2.38%
6.67%
dense
where
ground
floor
is needed
for business
activities
of all kinds. 4.01%
Single
13.42%
8.70%
22.73%
0.00%
11.11%
13.08%
Christian katholic
0.00%
0.00%
3.03%
0.00%
0.42%
The
most
common
extension
though
is
horizontal.
Over
the
course
of
a
few
years,
the
house
Married
67.79%
86.96%
69.70%
92.86%
84.44%
72.78%
Muslim
15.77%
4.35%
13.64%
16.67%
15.56%
14.98%
Divorced
1.01%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.84%
Appostolic Church
0.34%
0.00%fence is0.00%
0.21%
grows
into
the
public
realm
of
the
streets.
First,
a
small
put
up
to
protect
the
house
Religion
Widow
17.79%
4.35%
6.06%
7.14%
4.44%
13.29%
Hindu
0.00%
0.00%
3.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
Small of
Houses / S0.00%
heds
Apartment
Row H
ousespace 0.00%
Total
owner
people
whileCondominium
cooking.
of1.52%
the time,
this
isVilla
used as a display
Pagan from the flow
0.00% Most
2.38%
0.21%
Atheist
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
area
to showcase
products as
an income 91.30%
source. After
a certain 78.57%
amount of75.56%
time, when no
one
Religion
Christian 79.19%
71.21%
78.27%
Inhabitants per House
Jhovian orthodox
1.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
0.21%
H
SSheds
Apartment
Row ouse
Villa
Total
Christian protestant
6.06%
2.38%
6.67%
4.01%
Small Houses ouses /that
/ 3.36%
hedsthis Condominium
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
H
ouse
Villa
Total
questions
the factSmall anymore
space4.35%
once used
to be a part
of
the public
street, the fence
Christian katholic
0.00%
0.00%
3.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
1
4.36%
4.35%
7.58%
0.00%
0.00%
4.01%
isMuslim
fortified
into a wall. The new
space is semi
private and
still open16.67%
to the sky15.56%
but closed off14.98%
from
Christian orthodox
79.19%
91.30%
71.21%
78.57%
75.56%
78.27%
15.77%
4.35%
13.64%
2
7.05%
26.09%
7.58%
2.38%
2.22%
7.17%
Family Status
Christian protestant
3.36%
4.35%
6.06%
2.38%
6.67%
4.01%
Appostolic Church
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
3
17.39%
15.15%
4.76%
2.22%
9.92%
Small Houses /10.07%
0.34%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villaand sometimes
Total
the
street.
Business
activities
and
the
kitchen
usually
find
their
home
here,
Christian Hindu
0.00%
0.00%
3.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
4
16.11%
8.70%
16.67%
7.14%
17.78%
15.19%
Single katholic
13.42%
22.73%
0.00%
11.11%
13.08%
Muslim
15.77%
4.35%
13.64%
16.67%
15.56%
14.98%
Pagan
0.00%
0.00% room.24.24%
1.52%
2.38% months,
0.00%
0.21%
during
semi-private
living
After a few16.67%
more
door
5
13.04%
8.89%a roof and16.03%
Married the day it turns into a 15.44%
67.79%
86.96%
69.70%
92.86%
84.44%
72.78%
Appostolic 0.34%
Atheist
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
6
12.08%
21.74%
7.58%
28.57%
22.22%
14.35%
Divorced Church
1.01%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.84%
2
appear
and
the
small
‘kebele’
house
has
grown
by
6
m
.
This
process
dominates
the
streetscape
Hindu
0.00%
3.03%
0.00%
0.42%
Jhovian
1.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
0.21%
7
11.07%
0.00%
9.09%
21.43%
15.56%
11.60%
Widow
17.79%
4.35%
6.06%
7.14%
4.44%
13.29%
Pagan
0.00%
1.52%
2.38%
0.00%
0.21%
8 most inner “slum” streets 0.00%
6.04%
4.35%
9.09%
2.38%
6.67%
6.12%
of
in
Ethiopia’s capital.
Atheist
9
Jhovian
Family Status
10
Inhabitants per House
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
9.40%
4.35%
0.00%
11.90%
15.56%
8.65%
1.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
0.21%
2.68%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
2.11%
Small Condominium
Apartment
Row ouse
Villa
Total
11
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
1.69%
Small H
Houses ouses // S2.01%
Sheds
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
H
ouse
Villa
Total
Single
13.42%
8.70%
22.73%
0.00%
11.11%
13.08%
12
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.63%
1
4.36%
4.35%
7.58%
0.00%
4.01%
Family Status
Married
67.79%
86.96%
69.70%
92.86%
84.44%
72.78%
13
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
0.63%
2
7.05%
26.09%
7.58%
2.38%
7.17%
Small Houses /10.07%
1.01%
S1.01%
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Divorced
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.84%
14
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
3
17.39%
15.15%
4.76%
2.22%
9.92%
Single
13.42%
8.70%
22.73%
0.00%
11.11%
13.08%
Widow
17.79%
4.35%
6.06%
7.14%
4.44%
13.29%
15
0.34%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
4
16.11%
8.70%
16.67%
7.14%
17.78%
15.19%
Married
67.79%
86.96%
69.70%
92.86%
84.44%
72.78%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
5
15.44%
13.04%
24.24%
16.67%
8.89%
16.03%
Divorced
1.01%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.84%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
6
12.08%
21.74%
7.58%
28.57%
22.22%
14.35%
Widow
17.79%
4.35%
6.06%
7.14%
4.44%
13.29%
Inhabitants per House
18
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
7
11.07%
9.09%
21.43%
15.56%
11.60%
Small Houses / S0.00%
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H0.00%
ouse
Villa
Total
19
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
8
6.04%
4.35%
9.09%
2.38%
6.67%
6.12%
120
4.36%
4.35%
7.58%
0.00%
0.00%
4.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.21%
9
9.40%
4.35%
11.90%
15.56%
8.65%
Inhabitants per House
2Average
7.05%
26.09%
7.58%
2.38%
2.22%
7.17%
10
2.68%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
2.11%
Small Houses /10.07%
S2.01%
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
311
17.39%
15.15%
4.76%
2.22%
9.92%
5.74
4.13
4.77
6.55
6.60
5.68
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
1.69%
112
4.36%
4.35%
7.58%
0.00%
0.00%
4.01%
4
16.11%
8.70%
16.67%
7.14%
17.78%
15.19%
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.63%
2Rooms 7.05%
26.09%
7.58%
2.38%
2.22%
7.17%
5
15.44%
13.04%
24.24%
16.67%
8.89%
16.03%
per House of construction
13
0.67%
0.00%of town
0.00%
0.00% ‘Kebele’
2.22%houses usually
0.63%
The
density
in these parts
is incredible.
314
10.07%
17.39%
15.15%
4.76%
2.22%
9.92%
6
21.74%
7.58%
22.22%
14.35%
Small Houses /12.08%
1.01%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 28.57%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
41
16.11%
8.70%
16.67%
7.14%
17.78%
15.19%
cannot
open
windows
to
allow
light
into
the
buildings,
since
on
a
minimum
of
three
facades
the
7
11.07%
0.00%
9.09%
21.43%
15.56%
11.60%
21.14%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
13.50%
15
0.34%
0.42%
5
15.44%
13.04%
24.24%
16.67%
8.89%
16.03%
82
6.04%
4.35%
9.09%
2.38%
6.67%
6.12%
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
18.14%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
window
would simply open into
the neighbor’s
house.0.00%
The only source
of light
in small houses
is
63
12.08%
21.74%
7.58%
28.57%
22.22%
14.35%
9
9.40%
4.35%
11.90%
15.56%
8.65%
26.85%
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
0.00%
19.83%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
14 15.56%
74
11.07%
9.09%
21.43%
11.60%
2.68%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
2.11%
a10
single,
constantly
burning
light
bulb
in
the
middle
of
the
room.
Only
7%
of
small
houses
and
14.77%
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
18
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
85
6.04%
4.35%
9.09%
2.38%
6.67%
6.12%
11
2.01%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
1.69%
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
19
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
sheds
have
a
private
toilet
and
access
to
water.
The
rest
either
shares
one
within
a
compound
or
96
9.40%
4.35%
11.90%
15.56%
8.65%
12
0.67%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.63%
2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
20
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.21%
10
2.68%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
2.11%
13
0.67%
2.22%
0.63%
7
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
19.05%
20.00%
3.59%
Average
uses
the
common
toilet
and
kitchen
for
the
district.
The
sanitary
conditions
are
terrible.
Usually,
11
2.01%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
2.22%
1.69%
14
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
8
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
19.05%
17.78%
4.22%
5.74
4.13
4.77
6.55
6.60
5.68
12
0.67%
0.00%
2.38%
0.63%
an
as dump site
for everything
disposable.
15
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
9 open sewage channel in front
0.34% of the house
0.00% serves1.52%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
13
0.67%
2.22%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
10
0.00% bodies allow
0.00% access0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
Rooms per Hbridges
ouse
Wooden
over these water
to the houses.
14
1.01%
0.63%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
11
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
Small Houses / 0.00%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
15
0.34%
1.52%
0.42%
18
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
within a typology,
the most
feature of
small houses
and
12
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
1.48%
1 Although it is hard to show
21.14%
1.52% distinct
0.00%
13.50%
16
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.63%
19
0.00%
0.00%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
2
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
18.14%
sheds
is
the
social
network
of
its
inhabitants.
The
close-knit
relationship
between
these
single
17
0.00%
0.00%
20
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
0.00%
0.21%
Average
3
26.85%
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
0.00%
19.83%
18
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Average
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79each unit
8.98cannot survive
4.14
4
14.77%
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
housing
units
creates
one
big
social
community
“building”
where
19
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
5.74
4.13
4.77
6.55
6.60
5.68
5
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
20
0.00%
0.00%
0.00% network
2.38%
without
theper other.
the underlying
of these 0.00%
dwellings,
one0.21%
canSquare Meter House Without understanding
6
2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
Average
Rooms per House
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
7
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
19.05%
20.00%
3.59%
not understand the
typology of
the single
small
or
5.74
4.13 house
4.77shed.
6.55
6.60
5.68
Small Houses / S1.01%
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 19.05%
H76.19
ouse
Villa
Total
23.83
49.71
53.17
88.20
39.91
8
0.00%
0.00%
17.78%
4.22%
19
21.14%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
13.50%
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
Rooms pMer House
2
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
18.14%
Square eter per Room
10
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
Small S0.00%
Condominium
Apartment
Row ouse
Villa
Total
311
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
0.00%
19.83%
Small H
Houses ouses //26.85%
Sheds
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
H
ouse
Villa
Total
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
112
21.14%
0.00%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
13.50%
4
14.77%
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
9.24
11.30
11.50
9.97
10.21
9.77
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
1.48%
2
27.18%
17.39%
1.52%
0.00%
0.00%
18.14%
517
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
3Square 26.85%
4.35%
19.70%
0.00%
0.00%
19.83%
6
2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
9.52%
8.89%
9.92%
AverageMeter per Person
4
21.74%
19.70%
2.38%
6.67%
13.08%
7
0.00%
6.06%
20.00%
3.59%
Small Houses /14.77%
1.68%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 19.05%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79
8.98
4.14
5
5.03%
39.13%
25.76%
33.33%
13.33%
9.49%
8
1.01%
0.00%
0.00%
19.05%
17.78%
4.22%
5.11
14.58
14.38
13.49
15.08
8.51
6Square Meter per House
2.01%
17.39%
25.76%
8.89%
9.92%
9
0.34%
0.00%
0.00%
9.52%
4.44%
3.59%
7Access to Toilet
1.68%
0.00%
6.06%
20.00%
3.59%
10
0.00%
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
Small Houses / 0.00%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 19.05%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
8
0.00%
0.00%
17.78%
4.22%
11
0.00%
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
Small Houses / 1.01%
S23.83
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 19.05%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
49.71
53.17
76.19
88.20
39.91
9Compound
0.34%
9.52%
3.59%
12
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
1.48%
13.76%
0.00%
0.00%
4.76%
6.67%
9.70%
10
4.76%
11.11%
1.27%
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
Communal
77.52%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
2.22%
48.95%
Square Meter per Room
11
0.00%
0.00%
2.38%
13.33%
1.48%
Average
Private
8.72%
100.00%
100.00%
91.11%
41.35%
Small Houses / 0.00%
Sheds
Condominium
Apartment
Row 95.24%
H
ouse
Villa
Total
12
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
4.44%
1.48%
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79
8.98
4.14
9.24
11.30
11.50
9.97
10.21
9.77
17
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.42%
Average
Square eter pper ouse
Rooms hMave several Functions
Square M
eter er H
Person
2.75
4.35
4.68
7.79
8.98
4.14
Small Condominium
Apartment
Row Villa
Total
Small H
Houses ouses // SSheds
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
House
ouse
Villa
Total
23.83
49.71
53.17
76.19
88.20
39.91
77.52%
30.43%
34.85%
0.00%
0.00%
55.06%
5.11
14.58
14.38
13.49
15.08
8.51
Square Meter per House
Small H
ouses /
S
heds
Condominium
Apartment
Row H
ouse
Villa
Total
Square Rompound
oom
House iM
s peter art opf er a C
Ort
10
Ort
10
Ort
1
7
1
Ort
10
Ort
Ort
10
Ort1
1
1
7
1
1
Ort
Ort
1
7
Ort1
11
71
1
11
Ort
Ort1
1
1
Ort1
11
11
12
11
Ort
1
1
2
1
Ort
Ort
1
1
Ort
Ort2
1
1
2
Ort1
Ort
Ort
5
Ort4
Ort
Ort
5
Ort
CONCLUSION
At this very moment, the city of Addis Ababa is undergoing one of the biggest building booms in
its history. But, as this study showed, the newly constructed buildings do not vary significantly
from their century old predecessors. In fact, most architectural jewels in the capital are 70 years
old. Today’s situation raises two complex sets of questions:
r >> Possible Extensions of
Kebele Houses
s >> Student’s Sketches of
Small Houses / Sheds
1. Why are century old floor plans being built right now?
The way of life, the culture, the work and the view of the world changed during the past century. So why should Ethiopia’s architecture not change as well. Although new materials are
being used, the facades have changed, taller buildings are being constructed; still the buildings’
typology does not seem to have been influenced by these advancements. Instead of aiming for
solutions that are already questionable in the oil-rich desserts of Dubai, Ethiopia now has the
chance to use its thousands of years old architectural history to create a new, custom made
solution for the needs and wishes of each building’s time, place and user. Even now, when fast
construction is needed to meet an ever-rising demand, architects have to develop a unique
concept for each building task. Only then can these buildings last and change with its users to
offer a sustainable solution over time.
2. Is architecture not more than physical construction?
In an indigenous city that grew mostly unplanned since its foundation, architects can learn not
only a great deal about city planning, but even more about social networks, interaction of space
and cultural habits. Granted, a trip into the informal city to study only its architecture might
not be worth it. But this is not the lesson to be learned here: The informal settlements allow a
study on the way spaces interact with each other, how problems are solved in the most feasible
way and how communities are constructed. A building is not just a shell, but mostly an inside
and outside space for human interaction. To build and construct in a city, architects have to
understand the city and its inhabitants first. Only then are they qualified to add buildings to or
subtract from its growing fabric. And Addis Ababa is not a city you can understand from books
and computers - it has to be experienced. >>
Typology Seminar Team:
Chair of Architectural Design I
3rd Year Studio Heads
Brook, Berhanu, Helawi, Marshet,
Mistere, Felix
Idea / Concept: Felix Heisel
All 3rd Year Architecture
Students
2011 / 2nd Semester
sociology >> 269
